Ubuntu Unleashed 2019 Edition: Covering 18.04, 18.10, 19.04

Covers 18.04, 18.10, 19.04, and 19.10 Ubuntu Unleashed 2019 Edition is filled with unique and advanced information for everyone who wants to make the most of the Ubuntu Linux operating system. This new edition has been thoroughly updated, including two new chapters, by a long-time Ubuntu community leader to reflect the exciting new Ubuntu 18.04 LTS release, with forthcoming online updates for 18.10, 19.04, and 19.10 when they are released. Linux writer Matthew Helmke covers all you need to know about Ubuntu 18.04 LTS installation, configuration, productivity, multimedia, development, system administration, server operations, networking, virtualization, security, DevOps, and more—including intermediate-to-advanced techniques you won’t find in any other book. Helmke presents up-to-the-minute introductions to Ubuntu’s key productivity and web development tools, programming languages, hardware support, and more. You’ll find new or improved coverage of the Ubuntu desktop experience, common web servers and software stacks, containers like Docker and Kubernetes, as well as a wealth of systems administration information that is stable and valuable over many years. Configure and use the Ubuntu desktop Get started with multimedia and productivity applications, including LibreOffice Manage Linux services, users, and software packages Administer and run Ubuntu from the command line Automate tasks and use shell scripting Provide secure remote access and configure a secure VPN Manage kernels and modules Administer file, print, email, proxy, LDAP, DNS, and HTTP servers (Apache, Nginx, or alternatives) Learn about new options for managing large numbers of servers Work with databases (both SQL and the newest NoSQL alternatives) Get started with virtualization and cloud deployment, including information about containers Learn the basics about popular programming languages including Python, PHP, Perl, and gain an introduction to new alternatives such as Go and Rust

Table of Contents:
Introduction     xxxi Licensing     xxxii Who This Book Is For     xxxiii Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users    xxxiii Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps    xxxiv What This Book Contains    xxxv PART I:  GETTING STARTED Chapter 1  Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration     1 Before You Begin the Installation     1 Researching Your Hardware Specifications     2 Installation Options     2 32-Bit Versus 64-Bit Ubuntu     4 Planning Partition Strategies     5 The Boot Loader     5 Installing from DVD or USB Drive     6 Step-by-Step Installation     6 Shutting Down     11 Finding Programs and Files     12 Software Updater     12 The sudo Command     14 Configuring Software Repositories     15 System Settings     18 Configuring Wireless Networks     20 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems     21 Chapter 2  Background Information and Resources     23 What Is Linux?     23 Why Use Linux?     25 What Is Ubuntu?     27 Ubuntu for Business     27 Ubuntu in Your Home     29 Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation     29 Ubuntu Developers and Documentation     30 Websites and Search Engines     31 Mailing Lists     34 Internet Relay Chat     36 PART II:  DESKTOP UBUNTU Chapter 3  Working with GNOME     37 Foundations and the X Server     37 Using GNOME: A Primer     46 Chapter 4  On the Internet     51 Getting Started with Firefox     51 Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium     53 Choosing an Email Client     54 Internet Relay Chat     57 Usenet Newsgroups     59 Chapter 5  Productivity Applications     63 Introducing LibreOffice     64 Other Useful Productivity Software     66 Working with PDFs     66 Working with XML and DocBook     67 Working with LaTeX     68 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows     68 Chapter 6  Multimedia Applications     71 Sound and Music     71 Graphics Manipulation     76 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu     80 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu     80 Viewing Video     85 Chapter 7  Other Ubuntu Interfaces     89 Desktop Environment     89 KDE and Kubuntu     90 Xfce and Xubuntu     92 LXDE and Lubuntu     93 MATE and Ubuntu MATE     94 Ubuntu Budgie     94 Ubuntu Kylin     95 Chapter 8  Games     97 Ubuntu Gaming     97 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers     98 Online Game Sources     99 Installing Games in Ubuntu     100 Games for Kids     105 Commercial Games     105 Playing Windows Games     106 PART III:  SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION Chapter 9  Managing Software     109 Ubuntu Software     109 Using Synaptic for Software Management     110 Staying Up-to-Date     113 Working on the Command Line     114 Compiling Software from Source     119 Configuration Management     121 Ubuntu Core     121 Using Snaps     122 Chapter 10  Command-Line Beginner’s Class     123 What Is the Command Line?     124 Accessing the Command Line     125 Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer     127 User Accounts     128 Reading Documentation     129 Using Man Pages     130 Using apropros     130 Using whereis     131 Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy     131 Navigating the Linux File System     136 Working with Permissions     139 Working with Files     146 Working as Root     151 Understanding and Fixing sudo     152 Creating Users     154 Deleting Users     155 Shutting Down the System     155 Rebooting the System     157 Commonly Used Commands and Programs     157 Chapter 11  Command-Line Master Class, Part 1     159 Why Use the Command Line?     160 Using Basic Commands     161 Printing the Contents of a File with cat     162 Changing Directories with cd     163 Changing File Access Permissions with chmod     165 Copying Files with cp     165 Printing Disk Usage with du     166 Using echo     167 Finding Files by Searching with find     167 Searches for a String in Input with grep     170 Paging Through Output with less     171 Creating Links Between Files with ln     173 Finding Files from an Index with locate     174 Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls     175 Listing System Information with lsblk, lshw, lsmod, lspci, and neofetch     176 Reading Manual Pages with man     177 Making Directories with mkdir     178 Moving Files with mv     178 Deleting Files and Directories with rm     179 Sorting the Contents of a File with sort     180 Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail     181 Printing the Location of a Command with which     182 Downloading Files with wget     182 Chapter 12  Command-Line Master Class, Part 2     183 Redirecting Output and Input     183 stdin, stdout, stderr, and Redirection     185 Comparing Files     186 Limiting Resource Use and Job Control     187 Combining Commands     194 Executing Jobs in Parallel     197 Using Environment Variables     198 Using Common Text Editors     201 Working with Compressed Files     207 Using Multiple Terminals with byobu     208 Doing a Polite System Reset Using REISUB     210 Fixing an Ubuntu System that Will Not Boot     211 Tips and Tricks     212 Running the Previous Command     213 Running Any Previous Command     213 Running a Previous Command that Started with Specific Letters     213 Running the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First Word     213 Viewing Your History and More     214 Doing Two or More Things     214 Using Shortcuts     214 Confining a Script to a Directory     214 Using Coreutils     215 Reading the Contents of the Kernel Ring Buffer with dmesg     216 Chapter 13  Managing Users     217 User Accounts     217 Managing Groups     221 Managing Users     223 Managing Passwords     229 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users     234 Disk Quotas     239 Related Ubuntu Commands     241 Chapter 14  Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting     243 Scheduling Tasks     243 Basic Shell Control     250 Writing and Executing a Shell Script     255 Running the New Shell Program     256 Storing Shell Scripts for System-wide Access     257 Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells     258 Assigning a Value to a Variable     259 Accessing Variable Values     260 Positional Parameters     260 A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter     260 Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command Line     261 Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks     262 Built-in Variables     264 Special Characters     264 Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash     267 Comparing Expressions with tcsh     273 The for Statement     277 The while Statement     278 The until Statement     280 The repeat Statement (tcsh)     281 The select Statement (pdksh)     281 The shift Statement     282 The if Statement     282 The expr Statement     283 The case Statement     284 The break and exit Statements     286 Using Functions in Shell Scripts     286 Chapter 15  The Boot Process     289 Running Services at Boot     289 Beginning the Boot Loading Process     290 Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems     296 Starting and Stopping Services Manually     296 Using Upstart     297 Using systemd     298 Boot-Repair     299 Chapter 16  System-Monitoring Tools     301 Console-Based Monitoring     301 Using the kill Command to Control Processes     303 Using Priority Scheduling and Control     305 Displaying Free and Used Memory with free     306 Disk Space     306 Disk Quotas     307 Checking Log Files     307 Rotating Log Files     309 Graphical Process- and System-Management Tools     312 KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools     318 Enterprise Server Monitoring     318 Chapter 17  Backing Up     321 Choosing a Backup Strategy     321 Choosing Backup Hardware and Media     328 Using Backup Software     330 Copying Files     338 Version Control for Configuration Files     342 System Rescue     344 The Ubuntu Rescue Disc     345 Restoring the GRUB2 Boot Loader     345 Saving Files from a Nonbooting Hard Drive     346 Chapter 18  Networking     347 Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface     348 Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr     350 Networking with TCP/IP     352 IPv6 Basics     356 Network Organization     359 Hardware Devices for Networking     361 Using Network Configuration Tools     367 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol     375 Wireless Networking     381 Beyond the Network and onto the Internet     383 Common Configuration Information     384 Configuring Digital Subscriber Line Access     385 Understanding PPP over Ethernet     386 Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually     386 Configuring Dial-up Internet Access     388 Troubleshooting Connection Problems     389 Chapter 19  Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC     391 Setting Up a Telnet Server     391 Telnet Versus SSH     393 Setting Up an SSH Server     393 SSH Tools     393 Virtual Network Computing     397 Chapter 20  Securing Your Machines     401 Understanding Computer Attacks     401 Assessing Your Vulnerability     403 Protecting Your Machine     404 Securing a Wireless Network     404 Passwords and Physical Security     405 Configuring and Using Tripwire     406 Securing Devices     407 Viruses     407 Configuring Your Firewall     407 AppArmor     410 Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan     412 Chapter 21  Performance Tuning     415 Storage Disk     415 Kernel     420 Apache     421 MySQL     423 Chapter 22  Kernel and Module Management     429 The Linux Kernel     430 Managing Modules     434 When to Recompile     436 Kernel Versions     437 Obtaining the Kernel Sources     438 Patching the Kernel     438 Compiling the Kernel     440 When Something Goes Wrong     446 Errors During Compile     446 Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops     447 PART IV:  UBUNTU AS A SERVER Chapter 23  Sharing Files and Printers     449 Using Network File System     450 Putting Samba to Work     452 Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu     459 Chapter 24  Common Web Server Stacks     465 LAMP     465 LEMP     467 MEAN     467 Chapter 25  Apache Web Server Management     471 About the Apache Web Server     471 Installing the Apache Server     472 Runtime Server Configuration Settings     474 File System Authentication and Access Control     480 Apache Modules     483 Virtual Hosting     489 Logging     490 HTTPS     492 Chapter 26  Nginx Web Server Management     495 About the Nginx Web Server     495 Installing the Nginx Server     497 Configuring the Nginx Server     498 Virtual Hosting     501 Setting Up PHP     502 Adding and Configuring Modules     503 HTTPS     504 Chapter 27  Other HTTP Servers     507 lighttpd     507 Yaws     508 Cherokee     508 Jetty     509 thttpd     509 Apache Tomcat     510 WildFly     510 Chapter 28  Administering Relational Database Services     511 A Brief Review of Database Basics     512 Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL     520 Configuring MySQL     522 Configuring PostgreSQL     526 Database Clients     529 Chapter 29  NoSQL Databases     537 Key/Value Stores     540 Berkeley DB     540 Cassandra     541 etcd     541 Memcached and MemcacheDB     541 Redis     542 Riak     542 Scylla     542 Document Stores     542 CouchDB     543 MongoDB     544 BaseX     545 Wide Column Stores     545 BigTable     545 HBase     546 Graph Stores     546 Neo4j     546 OrientDB     547 HyperGraphDB     547 FlockDB     547 Chapter 30  Virtualization on Ubuntu     549 KVM     551 VirtualBox     554 VMware     556 Xen     556 Chapter 31  Ubuntu in the Cloud     559 Why a Cloud?     560 Software as a Service (SaaS)     561 Platform as a Service (PaaS)     561 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)     561 Metal as a Service (MaaS)     561 Things to Consider Before You Make any Decisions     562 Deploy/Install Basics: Public, Private, or Hybrid?     562 Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStack     563 Compute Infrastructure: Nova     563 Storage Infrastructure: Swift     564 Networking Service: Neutron     564 Identity Service: Keystone     564 Imaging Service: Glance     564 Dashboard: Horizon     565 Learning More     565 Juju     565 Mojo: Continuous Delivery for Juju     566 Ubuntu Core     566 Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS)     566 Landscape     566 Chapter 32  Containers and Ubuntu     569 LXC and LXD     570 Docker     571 Kubernetes     571 CoreOS and Canonical     572 Chapter 33  Managing Sets of Servers     573 Juju     573 Puppet     574 Chef     574 CFEngine     574 Ansible     575 Landscape     575 Chapter 34  Remote File Serving with FTP     577 Choosing an FTP Server     577 Installing FTP Software     579 The FTP User     579 Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server     581 Using the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection     584 Chapter 35  Handling Email     587 How Email Is Sent and Received     587 Basic Postfix Configuration and Operation     591 Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail     597 Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent     600 References     602 Chapter 36  Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)     603 What Is a Proxy Server?     603 Installing Squid     604 Configuring Clients     604 Access Control Lists     605 Specifying Client IP Addresses     609 Sample Configurations     610 Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)     612 Chapter 37  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)     619 Configuring the Server     620 Configuring Clients     624 LDAP Administration     624 Chapter 38  Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)     627 LTSP Requirements     628 LTSP Installation     631 Using LTSP     631 Chapter 39  Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS)     633 Understanding Domain Names     634 Setting Up a DNS Server with BIND     639 PART V:  PROGRAMMING LINUX Chapter 40  Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu     643 Programming in C with Linux     644 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu     645 Using the GNU C Compiler     649 Graphical Development Tools     650 Using the KDevelop Client     650 The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME     651 IDEs and SDKs     652 Chapter 41  Using Ubuntu for Opportunistic Software Development     655 Version Control Systems     656 Managing Software Projects with Git     656 Managing Software Projects with Bazaar     657 Managing Software Projects with Subversion     658 Managing Software Projects with Mercurial     659 Introduction to Opportunistic Development     660 Launchpad     661 Ubuntu Make     663 Creating Snap Packages     663 Bikeshed and Other Tools     663 Chapter 42  Helping with Ubuntu Development     667 Introduction to Ubuntu Development     668 Setting Up Your Development System     669 Fixing Bugs and Packaging     672 Finding Bugs to Fix with Harvest     675 Masters of the Universe     675 Chapter 43  Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA     677 Community Teams     677 Ubuntu Testing Team     678 Ubuntu QA Team     678 Bug Squad     679 Chapter 44  Using Popular Programming Languages     681 Ada     682 Clojure     682 COBOL     683 D     684 Dart     684 Elixir     685 Erlang     685 Forth     685 Fortran     686 Go     686 Groovy     687 Haskell     687 Java     687 JavaScript     688 Lisp     688 Lua     689 Mono     689 OCaml     689 Perl     690 PHP     690 Python     690 Ruby     691 Rust     691 Scala     691 Scratch     692 Vala     692 Chapter 45  Beginning Mobile Development for Android     695 Introduction to Android     696 Hardware     696 Linux Kernel     696 Libraries     696 Android Runtime     696 Application Framework     697 Applications     697 Installing Android Studio     697 Installing Android Studio     697 Installing SDK Packages     697 Creating Your First Application     699 Index     701 BONUS CHAPTERS  (Online Only) Bonus Chapters 46-48 can be accessed online. Register your product for access. Chapter 46  Using Perl     Web:1 Using Perl with Linux     Web:1 Perl Variables and Data Structures     Web:4 Perl Operators     Web:6 Conditional Statements: if/else and unless     Web:8 Looping     Web:10 Regular Expressions    Web:12 Access to the Shell     Web:13 Modules and CPAN     Web:14 Code Examples     Web:15 Chapter 47  Using PHP     Web:21 Introduction to PHP     Web:21 Basic Functions     Web:37 Handling HTML Forms     Web:48 Databases     Web:48 Chapter 48  Using Python     Web:53 Python on Linux     Web:54 The Basics of Python     Web:55 Functions     Web:65 Object Orientation     Web:66 Class and Object Variables     Web:67 Constructors and Destructors     Web:68 The Standard Library and the Python Package Index     Web:70