Ubuntu Unleashed 2016 Edition: Covering 15.10 and 16.04

Ubuntu Unleashed 2016 Edition is filled with unique and advanced information for everyone who wants to make the most of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated by a long-time Ubuntu community leader to reflect the exciting new Ubuntu 15.10 while including tons of information that will continue to apply to future editions.   Former Ubuntu Forum administrator Matthew Helmke covers all you need to know about Ubuntu 15.10 installation, configuration, productivity, multimedia, development, system administration, server operations, networking, virtualization, security, DevOps, and more—including intermediate-to-advanced techniques you won’t find in any other book.   Helmke presents up-to-the-minute introductions to Ubuntu’s key productivity and Web development tools, programming languages, hardware support, and more. You’ll find new or improved coverage of Ubuntu’s Unity interface, various types of servers, software repositories, database options, virtualization and cloud services, development tools, monitoring, troubleshooting, Ubuntu’s push into mobile and other touch screen devices, and much more. Configure and customize the Unity desktop Get started with multimedia and productivity applications, including LibreOffice Manage Linux services, users, and software packages Administer and run Ubuntu from the command line Automate tasks and use shell scripting Provide secure remote access and configure a secure VPN Manage kernels and modules Administer file, print, email, proxy, LDAP, DNS, and HTTP servers (Apache, Nginx, or alternatives) Learn about new options for managing large numbers of servers Work with databases (both SQL and the newest NoSQL alternatives) Get started with virtualization Build a private cloud with Juju and Charms Learn the basics about popular programming languages including Python, PHP, Perl, and new alternatives such as Go and Rust Learn about Ubuntu’s work toward usability on touchscreen and phone devices Ubuntu 15.10 on DVD DVD includes the full Ubuntu 15.10 distribution for 64 bit computers (most desktop and notebooks systems today) as well as the complete LibreOffice office suite and hundreds of additional programs and utilities.   Free Upgrade! Purchase this book and receive a free Ubuntu 16.04 Kick Start chapter after Ubuntu 16.04 is released. See inside back cover for details.  

Table of Contents:
Introduction:    xxxi Licensing    xxxii Who This Book Is For    xxxiii Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users    xxxiii Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps    xxxiv What This Book Contains    xxv Conventions Used in This Book    xxv Part I: Getting Started 1: Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration    1 Before You Begin the Installation    1 Researching Your Hardware Specifications    2 Installation Options    2 32-Bit vs. 64-Bit Ubuntu    4 Planning Partition Strategies    5 The Boot Loader    5 Installing from DVD or USB Drive    6 Step-by-Step Installation    6 Installing    7 First Update    12 Shutting Down    12 Finding Programs and Files    13 Software Updater    14 The sudo Command    17 Configuring Software Repositories    18 System Settings    20 Detecting and Configuring a Printer    21 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu    21 Setting the Time and Date    22 Configuring Wireless Networks    24 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems    25 References    26 2: Background Information and Resources    27 What Is Linux?    27 Why Use Linux?    29 What Is Ubuntu?    31 Ubuntu for Business    32 Ubuntu in Your Home    33 Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation    33 Ubuntu Developers and Documentation    35 Websites and Search Engines    35 Web Search Tips    35 Google Is Your Friend    36 Ubuntu Package Listings    36 Commercial Support    36 Documentation    37 Linux Guides    37 Ubuntu    38 Mailing Lists    39 Ubuntu Project Mailing Lists    39 Internet Relay Chat    40 Part II: Desktop Ubuntu 3: Working with Unity    41 Foundations and the X Server    41 Basic X Concepts    42 Using X    43 Elements of the xorg.conf File    44 Starting X    49 Using a Display Manager    50 Changing Window Managers    50 Using Unity, a Primer    51 The Desktop    51 Customizing and Configuring Unity    56 Power Shortcuts    58 References    59 4: On the Internet    61 Getting Started with Firefox    61 Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium    63 Choosing an Email Client    65 Mozilla Thunderbird    65 Evolution    66 Other Mail Clients    67 RSS Readers    67 Firefox    67 Liferea    68 Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing with Empathy    68 Internet Relay Chat    69 Usenet Newsgroups    72 References    73 5: Productivity Applications    75 Introducing LibreOffice    77 Other Office Suites for Ubuntu    79 Working with GNOME Office    79 Working with KOffice    80 Other Useful Productivity Software    81 Working with PDF    81 Working with XML and DocBook    81 Working with LaTeX    82 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows    83 References    84 6: Multimedia Applications    85 Sound and Music    85 Sound Cards    86 Adjusting Volume    87 Sound Formats    88 Listening to Music    89 Graphics Manipulation    91 The GNU Image Manipulation Program    93 Using Scanners in Ubuntu    94 Working with Graphics Formats    95 Capturing Screen Images    96 Other Graphics Manipulation Options    97 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu    97 Handheld Digital Cameras    98 Using Shotwell Photo Manager    98 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu    99 Creating CDs and DVDs with Brasero    99 Creating CDs from the Command Line    99 Creating DVDs from the Command Line    101 Viewing Video    103 TV and Video Hardware    104 Video Formats    105 Viewing Video in Linux    105 Personal Video Recorders    107 Video Editing    107 References    108 7: Other Ubuntu Interfaces    109 Desktop Environment    110 KDE and Kubuntu    111 Xfce and Xubuntu    112 LXDE and Lubuntu    113 GNOME3 and Ubuntu GNOME    114 MATE and Ubuntu MATE    115 Ubuntu Kylin    116 References    116 8: Games    119 Ubuntu Gaming    119 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers    120 Installing Games in Ubuntu    120 Warsow    121 Scorched 3D    121 Frozen Bubble    123 SuperTux    123 Battle for Wesnoth    124 Frets on Fire    124 FlightGear    126 Speed Dreams    126 Games for Kids    126 Commercial Games    126 Steam    127 Playing Windows Games    128 References    128 Part III: System Administration 9: Managing Software    131 Ubuntu Software Center    131 Using Synaptic for Software Management    132 Staying Up-to-Date    134 Working on the Command Line    135 Day-to-Day Usage    136 Finding Software    139 Compiling Software from Source    140 Compiling from a Tarball    140 Compiling from Source from the Ubuntu Repositories    141 Configuration Management    142 dotdee    143 OneConf    143 Snappy Ubuntu Core    143 References    144 10: Command-Line Quickstart    145 What Is the Command Line?    146 Accessing the Command Line    147 Text-Based Console Login    148 Logging Out    149 Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer    149 User Accounts    150 Reading Documentation    152 Using Man Pages    152 Using apropros    152 Using whereis    153 Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy    153 Essential Commands in /bin and /sbin    154 Configuration Files in /etc    155 User Directories: /home    155 Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel    156 Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory    157 Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory    158 Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory    158 Navigating the Linux File System    158 Listing the Contents of a Directory with ls    158 Changing Directories with cd    160 Finding Your Current Directory with pwd    161 Working with Permissions    161 Assigning Permissions    162 Directory Permissions    163 Altering File Permissions with chmod    164 File Permissions with chgrp    165 Changing File Permissions with chown    165 Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions    165 Working with Files    167 Creating a File with touch    167 Creating a Directory with mkdir    167 Deleting a Directory with rmdir    168 Deleting a File or Directory with rm    169 Moving or Renaming a File with mv    169 Copying a File with cp    170 Displaying the Contents of a File with cat    171 Displaying the Contents of a File with less    171 Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions    171 Working as Root    172 Understanding and Fixing sudo    172 Creating Users    175 Deleting Users    176 Shutting Down the System    176 Rebooting the System    177 Commonly Used Commands and Programs    178 References    178 11: Command-Line Master Class    179 Why Use the Command Line?    180 Using Basic Commands    181 Printing the Contents of a File with cat    183 Changing Directories with cd    183 Changing File Access Permissions with chmod    185 Copying Files with cp    186 Printing Disk Usage with du    186 Finding Files by Searching with find    187 Searches for a String in Input with grep    189 Paging Through Output with less    190 Creating Links Between Files with ln    192 Finding Files from an Index with locate    194 Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls    194 Reading Manual Pages with man    196 Making Directories with mkdir    197 Moving Files with mv    197 Deleting Files and Directories with rm    198 Sorting the Contents of a File with sort    198 Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail    200 Using echo    201 Printing the Location of a Command with which    202 Redirecting Output and Input    202 stdin, stdout, stderr, and Redirection    203 Comparing Files    204 Finding Differences in Files with diff    204 Finding Similarities in Files with comm    205 Limiting Resource Use and Job Control    205 Listing Processes with ps    206 Listing Jobs with jobs    207 Running One or More Tasks in the Background    207 Moving Jobs to the Background or Foreground with bg and fg    208 Printing Resource Usage with top    209 Setting Processes Priority with nice    211 Combining Commands    212 Pipes    212 Combining Commands with Boolean Operators    214 Running Separate Commands in Sequence    214 Using Environment Variables    215 Using Common Text Editors    218 Working with nano    219 Working with vi    220 Working with emacs    221 Working with sed and awk    222 Working with Compressed Files    224 Using Multiple Terminals with byobu    225 Polite System Reset Using REISUB    226 Tips and Tricks    227 Running the Previous Command    227 Running Any Previous Command    228 Running a Previous Command That Started with Specific Letters    228 Running the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First Word    228 Viewing Your History and More    228 Do Two or More Things    229 Shortcuts    229 Coreutils    229 References    230 12: Managing Users    231 User Accounts    231 The Super User/Root User    232 User IDs and Group IDs    234 File Permissions    234 Managing Groups    235 Group Listing    235 Group Management Tools    237 Managing Users    238 User Management Tools    238 Adding New Users    240 Monitoring User Activity on the System    242 Managing Passwords    243 System Password Policy    243 The Password File    243 Shadow Passwords    244 Managing Password Security for Users    247 Changing Passwords in a Batch    247 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users    247 Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command    248 Granting Root Privileges on Occasion: The sudo Command    250 Disk Quotas    253 Implementing Quotas    253 Manually Configuring Quotas    254 Related Ubuntu Commands    254 References    255 13: Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting    257 Scheduling Tasks    257 Using at and batch to Schedule Tasks for Later    257 Using cron to Run Jobs Repeatedly    260 Using rtcwake to Wake Your Computer from Sleep Automatically    262 Basic Shell Control    264 The Shell Command Line    265 Shell Pattern-Matching Support    266 Redirecting Input and Output    267 Piping Data    268 Background Processing    269 Writing and Executing a Shell Script    269 Running the New Shell Program    271 Storing Shell Scripts for System-Wide Access    272 Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells    272 Using Variables in Shell Scripts    273 Assigning a Value to a Variable    274 Accessing Variable Values    274 Positional Parameters    275 A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter    275 Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command Line    276 Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks    276 Built-In Variables    278 Special Characters    279 Using Double Quotes to Resolve Variables in Strings with Embedded Spaces    280 Using Single Quotes to Maintain Unexpanded Variables    281 Using the Backslash as an Escape Character    281 Using the Backtick to Replace a String with Output    282 Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash    282 Comparing Expressions with tcsh    287 The for Statement    291 The while Statement    293 The until Statement    295 The repeat Statement (tcsh)    295 The select Statement (pdksh)    296 The shift Statement    296 The if Statement    297 The case Statement    298 The break and exit Statements    300 Using Functions in Shell Scripts    300 References    301 14: The Boot Process    303 Running Services at Boot    303 Beginning the Boot Loading Process    304 Loading the Linux Kernel    306 System Services and Runlevels    306 Runlevel Definitions    306 Booting into the Default Runlevel    307 Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization    308 Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools    309 Changing Runlevels    309 Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems    310 Starting and Stopping Services Manually    310 Using Upstart    311 systemd    312 Boot Repair    313 References    313 15: System-Monitoring Tools    315 Console-Based Monitoring    315 Using the kill Command to Control Processes    317 Using Priority Scheduling and Control    318 Displaying Free and Used Memory with free    319 Disk Space    320 Disk Quotas    321 Checking Log Files    321 Rotating Log Files    323 Graphical Process and System Management Tools    325 System Monitor    326 Conky    327 Other    332 KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools    332 Enterprise Server Monitoring    333 Landscape    333 Other    333 References    333 16: Backing Up    335 Choosing a Backup Strategy    335 Why Data Loss Occurs    336 Assessing Your Backup Needs and Resources    337 Evaluating Backup Strategies    339 Making the Choice    342 Choosing Backup Hardware and Media    342 Removable Storage Media    342 CD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW Drives    343 Network Storage    343 Tape Drive Backup    343 Cloud Storage    344 Using Backup Software    344 tar: The Most Basic Backup Tool    345 The GNOME File Roller    347 The KDE ark Archiving Tool    347 Déjà Dup    348 Back In Time    350 Unison    352 Using the Amanda Backup Application    352 Alternative Backup Software    353 Copying Files    354 Copying Files Using tar    354 Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams    355 Copying Files Using cp    355 Copying Files Using mc    356 Using rsync    356 Version Control for Configuration Files    358 System Rescue    360 The Ubuntu Rescue Disc    361 Restoring the GRUB2 Boot Loader    361 Saving Files from a Nonbooting Hard Drive    362 References    362 17: Networking    363 Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface    364 Checking for the Availability of the Loopback Interface    364 Configuring the Loopback Interface Manually    364 Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr    366 Networking with TCP/IP    368 TCP/IP Addressing    369 Using IP Masquerading in Ubuntu    371 Ports    372 IPv6 Basics    372 Network Organization    375 Subnetting    375 Subnet Masks    376 Broadcast, Unicast, and Multicast Addressing    376 Hardware Devices for Networking    377 Network Interface Cards    377 Network Cable    379 Hubs and Switches    380 Routers and Bridges    381 Initializing New Network Hardware    381 Using Network Configuration Tools    384 Command-Line Network Interface Configuration    384 Network Configuration Files    389 Using Graphical Configuration Tools    391 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol    393 How DHCP Works    393 Activating DHCP at Installation and Boot Time    394 DHCP Software Installation and Configuration    395 Using DHCP to Configure Network Hosts    397 Other Uses for DHCP    399 Wireless Networking    399 Support for Wireless Networking in Ubuntu    399 Advantages of Wireless Networking    401 Choosing from Among Available Wireless Protocols    401 Beyond the Network and onto the Internet    402 Common Configuration Information    402 Configuring Digital Subscriber Line Access    404 Understanding PPP over Ethernet    404 Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually    405 Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access    406 Troubleshooting Connection Problems    407 References    408 18: Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC    409 Setting Up a Telnet Server    409 Telnet Versus SSH    411 Setting Up an SSH Server    411 SSH Tools    411 Using scp to Copy Individual Files Between Machines    412 Using sftp to Copy Many Files Between Machines    413 Using ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based Logins    413 Virtual Network Computing    415 References    417 19: Securing Your Machines    419 Understanding Computer Attacks    419 Assessing Your Vulnerability    421 Protecting Your Machine    422 Securing a Wireless Network    423 Passwords and Physical Security    423 Configuring and Using Tripwire    424 Devices    425 Viruses    425 Configuring Your Firewall    426 AppArmor    430 Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan    432 References    433 20: Performance Tuning    435 Hard Disk    435 Using the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk Drives    436 The hdparm Command    437 File System Tuning    438 The tune2fs Command    438 The e2fsck Command    439 The badblocks Command    439 Disabling File Access Time    439 Kernel    440 Apache    441 MySQL    442 Measuring Key Buffer Usage    442 Using the Query Cache    444 Miscellaneous Tweaks    445 Query Optimization    446 References    446 21: Kernel and Module Management    447 The Linux Kernel    448 The Linux Source Tree    449 Types of Kernels    451 Managing Modules    452 When to Recompile    454 Kernel Versions    455 Obtaining the Kernel Sources    456 Patching the Kernel    457 Compiling the Kernel    458 Using xconfig to Configure the Kernel    461 Creating an Initial RAM Disk Image    464 When Something Goes Wrong    465 Errors During Compile    465 Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops    466 References    466 Part IV: Ubuntu as a Server 22: Sharing Files and Printers    469 Using the Network File System    470 Installing and Starting or Stopping NFS    470 NFS Server Configuration    470 NFS Client Configuration    472 Putting Samba to Work    472 Manually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.conf    474 Testing Samba with the testparm Command    477 Starting, Stopping, and Restarting the smbd Daemon    477 Mounting Samba Shares    479 Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu    479 Creating Network Printers    479 Using the Common UNIX Printing System GUI    481 Avoiding Printer Support Problems    483 References    484 23: Apache Web Server Management    485 About the Apache Web Server    485 Installing the Apache Server    486 Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories    486 Building the Source Yourself    488 Starting and Stopping Apache    490 Starting the Apache Server Manually    490 Using /etc/init.d/apache2    492 Runtime Server Configuration Settings    493 Runtime Configuration Directives    493 Editing apache2.conf    494 Apache Multiprocessing Modules    497 Using .htaccess Configuration Files    497 File System Authentication and Access Control    499 Restricting Access with allow and deny    500 Authentication    501 Final Words on Access Control    503 Apache Modules    504 mod_dir and mod_env    506 mod_info and mod_log_config    507 mod_mime and mod_mime_magic    507 Virtual Hosting    509 Address-Based Virtual Hosts    509 Name-Based Virtual Hosts    510 Logging    511 HTTPS    513 References    515 24: Nginx Web Server Management    517 About the Nginx Web Server    517 Installing the Nginx Server    519 Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories    519 Building the Source Yourself    519 Configuring the Nginx Server    520 Virtual Hosting    523 Setting Up PHP    524 Adding and Configuring Modules    525 HTTPS    526 References    528 25: Other HTTP Servers    529 lighttpd    529 Yaws    530 Cherokee    531 Jetty    531 thttpd    532 Apache Tomcat    532 References    532 26: Remote File Serving with FTP    533 Choosing an FTP Server    533 Choosing an Authenticated or Anonymous Server    534 Ubuntu FTP Server Packages    534 Other FTP Servers    534 Installing FTP Software    535 The FTP User    536 Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server    538 Controlling Anonymous Access    539 Other vsftpd Server Configuration Files    539 Using the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection    541 References    542 27: Handling Email    543 How Email Is Sent and Received    543 The Mail Transport Agent    544 Choosing an MTA    546 The Mail Delivery Agent    546 The Mail User Agent    547 Basic Postfix Configuration and Operation    548 Configuring Masquerading    550 Using Smart Hosts    551 Setting Message Delivery Intervals    551 Mail Relaying    552 Forwarding Email with Aliases    552 Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail    553 Installing Fetchmail    553 Configuring Fetchmail    553 Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent    557 Procmail    557 Spamassassin    557 Squirrelmail    558 Virus Scanners    558 Autoresponders    558 Alternatives to Microsoft Exchange Server    558 Microsoft Exchange Server/Outlook Client    559 CommuniGate Pro    559 Oracle Beehive    560 Bynari    560 Open-Xchange    560 Horde    560 References    560 28: Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN)    563 What Is a Proxy Server?    563 Installing Squid    564 Configuring Clients    564 Access Control Lists    564 Specifying Client IP Addresses    569 Sample Configurations    570 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)    572 Setting Up a VPN Client    574 Setting Up a VPN Server    575 References    577 29: Administering Relational Database Services    579 A Brief Review of Database Basics    580 How Relational Databases Work    582 Understanding SQL Basics    584 Creating Tables    584 Inserting Data into Tables    585 Retrieving Data from a Database    586 Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL    588 Speed    588 Data Locking    589 ACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data Integrity    589 SQL Subqueries    590 Procedural Languages and Triggers    590 Configuring MySQL    591 Setting a Password for the MySQL Root User    592 Creating a Database in MySQL    592 Configuring PostgreSQL    594 Initializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQL    594 Creating a Database in PostgreSQL    595 Creating Database Users in PostgreSQL    596 Deleting Database Users in PostgreSQL    596 Granting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQL    597 Database Clients    597 SSH Access to a Database    598 Local GUI Client Access to a Database    599 Web Access to a Database    600 The MySQL Command-Line Client    601 The PostgreSQL Command-Line Client    602 Graphical Clients    602 References    603 30: NoSQL Databases    605 Key/Value Stores    608 Berkeley DB    608 Cassandra    609 Memcached and MemcacheDB    609 Redis    610 Riak    610 Document Stores    610 CouchDB    611 MongoDB    612 BaseX    612 Wide Column Stores    613 BigTable    613 HBase    613 Graph Stores    614 Neo4j    614 OrientDB    614 HyperGraphDB    615 FlockDB    615 References    615 31: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)    617 Configuring the Server    618 Creating Your Schema    618 Populating Your Directory    620 Configuring Clients    622 Evolution    622 Thunderbird    623 Administration    623 References    624 32: Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)    625 Requirements    626 Installation    629 Using LTSP    630 References    631 33: Virtualization on Ubuntu    633 KVM    635 VirtualBox    639 VMware    641 Xen    641 References    641 34: Ubuntu in the Cloud    643 Why a Cloud?    644 Software as a Service (SaaS)    645 Platform as a Service (PaaS)    645 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)    645 Metal as a Service (MaaS)    645 Before You Do Anything    646 Deploy/Install Basics: Public, Private, or Hybrid?    646 Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStack    647 Compute Infrastructure (Nova)    648 Storage Infrastructure (Swift)    648 Networking Service (Neutron)    648 Identity Service (Keystone)    649 Imaging Service (Glance)    649 Dashboard (Horizon)    649 Learning More    649 Juju    649 Getting Started    650 Charms    652 The Juju GUI    654 Juju Quickstart    654 Juju on Mac OS X and Windows    655 Mojo: Continuous Delivery for Juju    655 Snappy Ubuntu    655 Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS)    655 Landscape    656 References    656 35: Managing Sets of Servers    657 Juju    657 Puppet    658 Chef    658 CFEngine    658 Ansible    659 Landscape    659 References    659 36: Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS)    661 Understanding Domain Names    663 DNS Servers    663 DNS Records    664 Setting Up a DNS Server with BIND    667 References    669 Part V: Programming Linux 37: Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu    671 Programming with Linux    672 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu    673 Building Programs with make    673 Using Makefiles    673 Using the autoconf Utility to Configure Code    675 Debugging Tools    676 Using the GNU C Compiler    677 Graphical Development Tools    678 Using the KDevelop Client    678 The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME    679 Use an IDE or SDK    680 References    682 38: Opportunistic Development    683 Version Control Systems    683 Managing Software Projects with Subversion    684 Managing Software Projects with Bazaar    685 Managing Software Projects with Mercurial    686 Managing Software Projects with Git    687 Introduction to Opportunistic Development    688 Launchpad    689 Quickly    691 Bikeshed and Other Tools    695 References    697 39: Helping with Ubuntu Development    699 Introduction to Ubuntu Development    700 Setting Up Your Development System    701 Install Basic Packages and Configure    701 Create a Launchpad Account    702 Set Up Your Environment to Work with Launchpad    702 Developing Apps and Scopes    704 Fixing Bugs and Packaging    704 Finding Bugs to Fix with Harvest    707 Masters of the Universe    707 References    708 40: Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA    709 Community Teams    709 Ubuntu Testing Team    710 QA Team    711 Bug Squad    711 Test Drive    711 References    714 41: Using Popular Programming Languages    715 Ada    716 Clojure    717 COBOL    717 D    718 Dart    718 Elixir    719 Erlang    719 Forth    720 Fortran    720 Go    720 Groovy    721 Haskell    721 Java    721 JavaScript    722 Lisp    723 Lua    723 Mono    723 OCaml    724 Perl    724 PHP    725 Python    725 Ruby    725 Rust    726 Scala    726 Scratch    726 Vala    727 References    727 42: Beginning Mobile Development for Android    729 Introduction to Android    730 Hardware    730 Linux Kernel    730 Libraries    730 Android Runtime    730 Application Framework    731 Applications    731 Installing Android Studio    731 Install Android Studio    731 Install SDK Packages    731 Create Your First Application    733 References    734 43: Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch    735 Install the SDK    736 Create Your First Application    736 References    737 Index:    739   NOTE Chapters 44–46 can be accessed online at informit.com/title/9780134268118.   Bonus Chapters 44: Using Perl    Web:1 Using Perl with Linux    Web:1 Perl Versions    Web:2 A Simple Perl Program    Web:2 Perl Variables and Data Structures    Web:4 Perl Variable Types    Web:5 Special Variables    Web:5 Operators    Web:6 Comparison Operators    Web:6 Compound Operators    Web:7 Arithmetic Operators    Web:7 Other Operators    Web:8 Special String Constants    Web:9 Conditional Statements: if/else and unless    Web:9 if    Web:9 unless    Web:10 Looping    Web:10 for    Web:11 foreach    Web:11 while    Web:12 until    Web:12 last and next    Web:12 do ... while and do ... until    Web:13 Regular Expressions    Web:13 Access to the Shell    Web:14 Modules and CPAN    Web:15 Code Examples    Web:16 Sending Mail    Web:16 Purging Logs    Web:18 Posting to Usenet    Web:19 One-Liners    Web:20 Command-Line Processing    Web:20 References    Web:21 45: Using Python    Web:23 Python on Linux    Web:24 The Basics of Python    Web:25 Numbers    Web:25 More on Strings    Web:27 Lists    Web:30 Dictionaries    Web:32 Conditionals and Looping    Web:33 Functions    Web:35 Object Orientation    Web:36 Class and Object Variables    Web:37 Constructors and Destructors    Web:38 Class Inheritance    Web:39 The Standard Library and the Python Package Index    Web:41 References    Web:41 46: Using PHP    Web:43 Introduction to PHP    Web:44 Entering and Exiting PHP Mode    Web:44 Variables    Web: 44 Arrays    Web: 46 Constants    Web: 48 References    Web: 48 Comments    Web: 49 Escape Sequences    Web: 49 Variable Substitution    Web: 50 Operators    Web: 51 Conditional Statements    Web: 53 Special Operators    Web: 55 Switching    Web: 55 Loops    Web: 57 Including Other Files    Web: 59 Basic Functions    Web: 60 Strings    Web: 60 Arrays    Web: 64 Files    Web: 65 Miscellaneous    Web: 68 Handling HTML Forms    Web: 71 Databases    Web: 72 References    Web: 74