Ubuntu Unleashed 2017 Edition (Includes Content Update Program): Covering 16.10, 17.04, 17.10

Book + Content Update Program Ubuntu Unleashed 2017 Edition is filled with unique and advanced information for everyone who wants to make the most of the Ubuntu Linux operating system. This new edition has been thoroughly updated by a long-time Ubuntu community leader to reflect the exciting new Ubuntu 16.04 LTS release with forthcoming online updates for 16.10, 17.04, and 17.10 when they are released. Former Ubuntu Forum administrator Matthew Helmke covers all you need to know about Ubuntu 16.04 installation, configuration, productivity, multimedia, development, system administration, server operations, networking, virtualization, security, DevOps, and more—including intermediate-to-advanced techniques you won’t find in any other book. Helmke presents up-to-the-minute introductions to Ubuntu’s key productivity and Web development tools, programming languages, hardware support, and more. You’ll find new or improved coverage of navigation via Unity Dash, wireless networking, VPNs, software repositories, new NoSQL database options, virtualization and cloud services, new programming languages and development tools, monitoring, troubleshooting, and more. Configure and customize the Unity desktop Get started with multimedia and productivity applications, including LibreOffice Manage Linux services, users, and software packages Administer and run Ubuntu from the command line Automate tasks and use shell scripting Provide secure remote access and configure a secure VPN Manage kernels and modules Administer file, print, email, proxy, LDAP, DNS, and HTTP servers (Apache, Nginx, or alternatives) Learn about new options for managing large numbers of servers Work with databases (both SQL and the newest NoSQL alternatives) Get started with virtualization Build a private cloud with Juju and Charms Learn the basics about popular programming languages including Python, PHP, Perl, and new alternatives such as Go and Rust Learn about Ubuntu’s work toward usability on touchscreen and phone devices In addition, this book is part of InformIT’s exciting Content Update Program, which provides content updates for major technology improvements! As significant updates are made to Docker and Azure, sections of this book will be updated or new sections will be added to match the updates to the technologies. As updates become available, they will be delivered to you via a free Web Edition of this book, which can be accessed with any Internet connection. To learn more, visit informit.com/cup. How to access the Web Edition: Follow the instructions inside to learn how to register your book to access the FREE Web Edition.

Table of Contents:
Introduction     xxxiii Licensing     xxxiv Who This Book Is For     xxxv    Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users     xxxv    Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps     xxxvi What This Book Contains     xxxvii Conventions Used in This Book     xxxviii PART I:  GETTING STARTED Chapter 1  Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration     1 Before You Begin the Installation     1    Researching Your Hardware Specifications     2    Installation Options     2    32-Bit vs 64-Bit Ubuntu     4    Planning Partition Strategies     5    The Boot Loader     5    Installing from DVD or USB Drive     6 Step-by-Step Installation     6    Installing     7    First Update     13 Shutting Down     13 Finding Programs and Files     14 Software Updater     15 The sudo Command     18 Configuring Software Repositories     19 System Settings     21    Detecting and Configuring a Printer     22    Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu     22 Setting the Time and Date     23 Configuring Wireless Networks     24 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems     26 References     27 Chapter 2  Background Information and Resources     29 What Is Linux?     29 Why Use Linux?     31 What Is Ubuntu?     33 Ubuntu for Business     33 Ubuntu in Your Home     35 Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation     35 Ubuntu Developers and Documentation     36 Websites and Search Engines     37    Web Search Tips     37    Google Is Your Friend     37    Ubuntu Package Listings     38    Commercial Support     38    Documentation     39 Linux Guides     39    Ubuntu     40 Mailing Lists     40    Ubuntu Project Mailing Lists     41 Internet Relay Chat     42 PART II:  DESKTOP UBUNTU Chapter 3  Working with Unity     43 Foundations and the X Server     43    Basic X Concepts     44    Using X     45    Elements of the xorg.conf File     46    Starting X     51    Using a Display Manager     51    Changing Window Managers     52 Using Unity, a Primer     52    The Desktop     53    Customizing and Configuring Unity     58 Power Shortcuts     60 References     61 Chapter 4  On the Internet     63 Getting Started with Firefox     63 Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium65 Choosing an Email Client     66    Mozilla Thunderbird     66    Evolution     67    Other Mail Clients     68 RSS Readers     69    Firefox     69    Liferea     69 Internet Relay Chat     70 Usenet Newsgroups     72 References     74 Chapter 5  Productivity Applications     75 Introducing LibreOffice     76 Other Office Suites for Ubuntu     78    Working with GNOME Office     78    Working with KOffice     80 Other Useful Productivity Software     80    Working with PDF     80    Working with XML and DocBook     81    Working with LaTeX     82 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows     83 References     83 Chapter 6  Multimedia Applications     85 Sound and Music     85    Sound Cards     86    Adjusting Volume     87    Sound Formats     88    Listening to Music     89 Graphics Manipulation     92    The GNU Image Manipulation Program     93    Using Scanners in Ubuntu     94    Working with Graphics Formats     95    Capturing Screen Images     97    Other Graphics Manipulation Options     97 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu     98    Handheld Digital Cameras     98    Using Shotwell Photo Manager     98 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu     99    Creating CDs and DVDs with Brasero     99    Creating CDs from the Command Line     100    Creating DVDs from the Command Line     102 Viewing Video     104    TV and Video Hardware     104    Video Formats     105    Viewing Video in Linux     106    Personal Video Recorders     107    Video Editing     107 References     109 Chapter 7  Other Ubuntu Interfaces     111 Desktop Environment     112 KDE and Kubuntu     113 Xfce and Xubuntu     114    LXDE and Lubuntu     115 GNOME3 and Ubuntu GNOME     116 MATE and Ubuntu MATE     117 Ubuntu Kylin     118 References     118 Chapter 8  Games     121 Ubuntu Gaming     121 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers     122 Steam     123 Installing Games in Ubuntu     123    Warsow     124    Scorched 3D     124    Frozen Bubble     125    SuperTux     126    Battle for Wesnoth     126    Frets on Fire     127    FlightGear     128    Speed Dreams     129    Games for Kids     129    Commercial Games     129 Playing Windows Games     130 References     130 PART III:  SYSTEM ADMINISTRATION Chapter 9  Managing Software     133 Ubuntu Software     133 Using Synaptic for Software Management     134 Staying Up-to-Date     137 Working on the Command Line     138    Day-to-Day Usage     138    Finding Software     141    Using apt Instead of apt-get     142 Compiling Software from Source     143    Compiling from a Tarball     143    Compiling from Source from the Ubuntu Repositories     144 Configuration Management     145    dotdee     145 Snappy Ubuntu Core     146 Using Snaps     146 References     147 Chapter 10  Command-Line Beginner’s Class     149 What Is the Command Line?     150 Accessing the Command Line     151    Text-Based Console Login     152    Logging Out     153    Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer     153 User Accounts     154 Reading Documentation     155    Using Man Pages     156    Using apropros     156    Using whereis     157 Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy     157    Essential Commands in /bin and /sbin     158    Configuration Files in /etc     159    User Directories: /home     159    Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel     160    Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory     161    Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory     162    Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory     162 Navigating the Linux File System     162    Listing the Contents of a Directory with ls     162    Changing Directories with cd     164    Finding Your Current Directory with pwd     165 Working with Permissions     165    Assigning Permissions     166    Directory Permissions     167    Altering File Permissions with chmod     168    File Permissions with umask     169    File Permissions with chgrp     170    Changing File Permissions with chown     170    Understanding Set User ID, Set Group ID, and Sticky Bit Permissions     170    Setting Permissions with Access Control Lists     171 Working with Files     173    Creating a File with touch     173    Creating a Directory with mkdir     173    Deleting a Directory with rmdir     174    Deleting a File or Directory with rm     175    Moving or Renaming a File with mv     175    Copying a File with cp     176    Displaying the Contents of a File with cat     177    Displaying the Contents of a File with less     177    Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions     177 Working as Root     178    Understanding and Fixing sudo     178    Creating Users     181    Deleting Users     182    Shutting Down the System     182    Rebooting the System     183 Commonly Used Commands and Programs     183 References     184 Chapter 11  Command-Line Master Class Part 1      185 Why Use the Command Line?     186 Using Basic Commands     187    Printing the Contents of a File with cat     188    Changing Directories with cd     189    Changing File Access Permissions with chmod     191    Copying Files with cp     191    Printing Disk Usage with du     192    Using echo     193    Finding Files by Searching with find     193    Searches for a String in Input with grep     196    Paging Through Output with less     197    Creating Links Between Files with ln     199    Finding Files from an Index with locate     200    Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls     200    Listing System Information with lsblk, lshw, lsmod, and lspci     202    Reading Manual Pages with man     203    Making Directories with mkdir     204    Moving Files with mv     204    Renaming Files with rename     204    Deleting Files and Directories with rm     205    Sorting the Contents of a File with sort     205    Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail     207    Printing the Location of a Command with which     207    Download Files with wget     207 References     208 Chapter 12  Command-Line Master Class Part 2     209 Redirecting Output and Input     209 stdin, stdout, stderr, and Redirection     211 Comparing Files     212    Finding Differences in Files with diff     212    Finding Similarities in Files with comm212 Limiting Resource Use and Job Control     213    Listing Processes with ps     213    Listing Jobs with jobs     214    Running One or More Tasks in the Background     215    Moving Jobs to the Background or Foreground with bg and fg     215    Printing Resource Usage with top     216    Setting Processes Priority with nice     218 Combining Commands     219    Pipes     219    Combining Commands with Boolean Operators     221    Running Separate Commands in Sequence     222    Process Substitution     222 Using Environment Variables     222 Using Common Text Editors     226    Working with nano     227    Working with vi     227    Working with emacs     229    Working with sed and awk     230 Working with Compressed Files     232 Using Multiple Terminals with byobu     233 Polite System Reset Using REISUB     234 Fixing an Ubuntu System That Will Not Boot     235    Checking BIOS     235    Checking GRUB     235    Reinstalling GRUB     235    Using Recovery Mode     236    Reinstalling Ubuntu     236 Tips and Tricks     236    Running the Previous Command     236    Running Any Previous Command     237    Running a Previous Command that Started with Specific Letters     237    Running the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First Word     237    Viewing Your History and More     237    Doing Two or More Things     237    Using Shortcuts     238    Confining a Script to a Directory     238    Using Coreutils     239    Reading the Contents of the Kernel Ring Buffer with dmesg     239 References     240 Chapter 13  Managing Users     241 User Accounts     241    The Super User/Root User     242    User IDs and Group IDs     244    File Permissions     244 Managing Groups     245    Group Listing     245    Group Management Tools     246 Managing Users     248    User Management Tools     248    Adding New Users     250    Monitoring User Activity on the System     251 Managing Passwords     252    System Password Policy     252    The Password File     253    Shadow Passwords     254    Managing Password Security for Users     256    Changing Passwords in a Batch     256 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users     257    Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command     257    Granting Root Privileges on Occasion: The sudo Command     259 Disk Quotas     262    Implementing Quotas     262    Manually Configuring Quotas     263 Related Ubuntu Commands     264 References     264 Chapter 14  Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting     265 Scheduling Tasks     265    Using at and batch to Schedule Tasks for Later     265    Using cron to Run Jobs Repeatedly     268    Using rtcwake to Wake Your Computer from Sleep Automatically     270 Basic Shell Control     272    The Shell Command Line     273    Shell Pattern-Matching Support     274    Redirecting Input and Output     275    Piping Data     276    Background Processing     277 Writing and Executing a Shell Script     277    Running the New Shell Program     279    Storing Shell Scripts for System-Wide Access     279    Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells     280    Using Variables in Shell Scripts     281    Assigning a Value to a Variable     282    Accessing Variable Values     282    Positional Parameters     282    A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter     283    Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve    Variables from the Command Line     284    Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks     284    Built-In Variables     286    Special Characters     287    Using Double Quotes to Resolve Variables in Strings with Embedded Spaces     288    Using Single Quotes to Maintain Unexpanded Variables     288    Using the Backslash as an Escape Character     289    Using the Backtick to Replace a String with Output     289    Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash     290    Comparing Expressions with tcsh     295    The for Statement     299    The while Statement     300    The until Statement     302    The repeat Statement (tcsh)     303    The select Statement (pdksh)     303    The shift Statement     304    The if Statement     304    The case Statement     305    The break and exit Statements     307    Using Functions in Shell Scripts     307 References     308 Chapter 15  The Boot Process     311 Running Services at Boot     311 Beginning the Boot Loading Process     312    Loading the Linux Kernel     314    System Services and Runlevels     315    Runlevel Definitions     315    Booting into the Default Runlevel     316    Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization     316    Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools     317    Changing Runlevels     318    Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems319    Starting and Stopping Services Manually     319 Using Upstart     319 systemd     320 Boot Repair     322 References     322 Chapter 16  System-Monitoring Tools     323 Console-Based Monitoring     323    Using the kill Command to Control Processes     325    Using Priority Scheduling and Control     326    Displaying Free and Used Memory with free     327    Disk Space     328    Disk Quotas     329    Checking Log Files     329    Rotating Log Files     331 Graphical Process and System Management Tools     333    System Monitor     334    Conky     334    Other     339 KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools     339 Enterprise Server Monitoring     340    Landscape     340    Other     340 References     340 Chapter 17  Backing Up     341 Choosing a Backup Strategy     341    Why Data Loss Occurs     342    Assessing Your Backup Needs and Resources     343    Evaluating Backup Strategies     345    Making the Choice     348 Choosing Backup Hardware and Media     348    Removable Storage Media     348    CD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW Drives     349    Network Storage     349    Tape Drive Backup     349    Cloud Storage     350 Using Backup Software     350    tar: The Most Basic Backup Tool     351    The GNOME File Roller     353    The KDE ark Archiving Tool     353    Déjà Dup     354    Back In Time     356    Unison     358    Using the Amanda Backup Application     358    Alternative Backup Software     359 Copying Files     360    Copying Files Using tar     360    Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams     361    Copying Files Using cp     361    Copying Files Using mc     362    Using rsync     362 Version Control for Configuration Files     364 System Rescue     366    The Ubuntu Rescue Disc     367    Restoring the GRUB2 Boot Loader     367    Saving Files from a Nonbooting Hard Drive     368 References     368 Chapter 18  Networking     369 Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface     370    Checking for the Availability of the Loopback Interface     370    Configuring the Loopback Interface Manually     370 Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr     371 Networking with TCP/IP     374    TCP/IP Addressing     374    Using IP Masquerading in Ubuntu     376    Ports     377 IPv6 Basics     378 Network Organization     380    Subnetting     381    Subnet Masks     381    Broadcast, Unicast, and Multicast Addressing     382 Hardware Devices for Networking     382    Network Interface Cards     382    Network Cable     384    Hubs and Switches     385    Routers and Bridges     386    Initializing New Network Hardware     387 Using Network Configuration Tools     389    Command-Line Network Interface Configuration     389    Network Configuration Files     394    Using Graphical Configuration Tools     397 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol     399    How DHCP Works     399    Activating DHCP at Installation and Boot Time     400    DHCP Software Installation and Configuration     401    Using DHCP to Configure Network Hosts     403    Other Uses for DHCP     405 Wireless Networking     405    Support for Wireless Networking in Ubuntu     405    Advantages of Wireless Networking     407    Choosing from Among Available Wireless Protocols     407 Beyond the Network and onto the Internet     408 Common Configuration Information     408    Understanding PPP over Ethernet     410    Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually     411 Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access     412 Troubleshooting Connection Problems     413 References     414 Chapter 19  Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC     415 Setting Up a Telnet Server     415 Telnet Versus SSH     417 Setting Up an SSH Server     417 SSH Tools     417    Using scp to Copy Individual Files Between Machines     418    Using sftp to Copy Many Files Between Machines     418    Using ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based Logins     419 Virtual Network Computing     420 References     423 Chapter 20  Securing Your Machines     425 Understanding Computer Attacks     425 Assessing Your Vulnerability     427 Protecting Your Machine     428    Securing a Wireless Network     429    Passwords and Physical Security     429    Configuring and Using Tripwire     430    Devices     431 Viruses     431 Configuring Your Firewall     432 AppArmor     435 Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan     437 References     439 Chapter 21  Performance Tuning     441 Hard Disk     441    Using the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk Drives     442    The hdparm Command     443    File System Tuning     444    The tune2fs Command     444    The e2fsck Command     445    The badblocks Command     445    Disabling File Access Time     445 Kernel     445 Apache     446 MySQL     448    Measuring Key Buffer Usage     448    Using the Query Cache     449    Miscellaneous Tweaks     451    Query Optimization     451 References     452 Chapter 22  Kernel and Module Management     453 The Linux Kernel     454    The Linux Source Tree     455    Types of Kernels     457 Managing Modules     458 When to Recompile     460 Kernel Versions     461 Obtaining the Kernel Sources     462 Patching the Kernel     463 Compiling the Kernel     464    Using xconfig to Configure the Kernel     467    Creating an Initial RAM Disk Image     470 When Something Goes Wrong     470    Errors During Compile     471    Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops     472 References     472 PART IV:  UBUNTU AS A SERVER Chapter 23  Sharing Files and Printers     473 Using the Network File System     474    Installing and Starting or Stopping NFS     474    NFS Server Configuration     474    NFS Client Configuration     475 Putting Samba to Work     476    Manually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.conf     478    Testing Samba with the testparm Command     481    Starting, Stopping, and Restarting the smbd Daemon     481    Mounting Samba Shares     482 Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu     483    Creating Network Printers     483    Using the Common UNIX Printing System GUI     485    Avoiding Printer Support Problems     486 References     488 Chapter 24  Apache Web Server Management     489 About the Apache Web Server     489 Installing the Apache Server     490    Starting and Stopping Apache     491 Runtime Server Configuration Settings     492    Runtime Configuration Directives     492    Editing apache2.conf     493    Apache Multiprocessing Modules     495    Using .htaccess Configuration Files     496 File System Authentication and Access Control     498    Restricting Access with Require     498    Authentication     499    Final Words on Access Control     501 Apache Modules     502    mod_access     502    mod_alias     502    mod_asis     503    mod_auth     503    mod_auth_anon     503    mod_auth_dbm     503    mod_auth_digest     504    mod_autoindex     504    mod_cgi     504    mod_dir and mod_env     504    mod_expires     504    mod_headers     504    mod_include     505    mod_info and mod_log_config     505    mod_mime and mod_mime_magic     505    mod_negotiation     505    mod_proxy     505    mod_rewrite     505    mod_setenvif     506    mod_speling     506    mod_status     506    mod_ssl     506    mod_unique_id     506    mod_userdir     506    mod_usertrack     507    mod_vhost_alias     507 Virtual Hosting     507    Address-Based Virtual Hosts     507    Name-Based Virtual Hosts     508 Logging     509 HTTPS     510 References     513 Chapter 25  Nginx Web Server Management     515 About the Nginx Web Server     515 Installing the Nginx Server     517    Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories     517    Building the Source Yourself     517 Configuring the Nginx Server     518 Virtual Hosting     521 Setting Up PHP     522 Adding and Configuring Modules     523 HTTPS     524 References     526 Chapter 26  Other HTTP Servers     527 lighttpd     527 Yaws     528 Cherokee     528 Jetty     529 thttpd     529 Apache Tomcat     530 References     530 Chapter 27 Remote File Serving with FTP     531 Choosing an FTP Server     531    Choosing an Authenticated or Anonymous Server     532    Ubuntu FTP Server Packages     532    Other FTP Servers     532 Installing FTP Software     533 The FTP User     534 Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server     536    Controlling Anonymous Access     537    Other vsftpd Server Configuration Files     537 Using the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection     539 References     540 Chapter 28  Handling Email     541 How Email Is Sent and Received     541    The Mail Transport Agent     542    Choosing an MTA     544    The Mail Delivery Agent544    The Mail User Agent     545 Basic Postfix Configuration and Operation     546    Configuring Masquerading     548    Using Smart Hosts     549    Setting Message Delivery Intervals     549    Mail Relaying     550    Forwarding Email with Aliases     550 Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail     551    Installing Fetchmail     551    Configuring Fetchmail     551 Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent     555    Procmail     555    Spamassassin     555    Squirrelmail     556    Virus Scanners     556    Autoresponders     556 Alternatives to Microsoft Exchange Server     556    Microsoft Exchange Server/Outlook Client     557    CommuniGate Pro     557    Oracle Beehive     557    Bynari     558    Open-Xchange     558    Horde     558 References     558 Chapter 29  Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN)     561 What Is a Proxy Server?     561 Installing Squid     562 Configuring Clients     562 Access Control Lists     563 Specifying Client IP Addresses     567 Sample Configurations     568 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)     570    Setting Up a VPN Client     571    Setting Up a VPN Server     573 References     575 Chapter 30  Administering Relational Database Services     577 A Brief Review of Database Basics     578    How Relational Databases Work     580    Understanding SQL Basics     582    Creating Tables     582    Inserting Data into Tables     583    Retrieving Data from a Database     584 Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL     586    Speed     586    Data Locking     586    ACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data Integrity     587    SQL Subqueries     588    Procedural Languages and Triggers     588 Configuring MySQL     588    Setting a Password for the MySQL Root User     589    Creating a Database in MySQL     590 Configuring PostgreSQL     592    Initializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQL     592    Creating a Database in PostgreSQL     593    Creating Database Users in PostgreSQL     593    Deleting Database Users in PostgreSQL     594    Granting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQL     594 Database Clients     595    SSH Access to a Database     595    Local GUI Client Access to a Database     597    Web Access to a Database     597    The MySQL Command-Line Client     598    The PostgreSQL Command-Line Client     600    Graphical Clients     600 References     601 Chapter 31  NoSQL Databases     603 Key/Value Stores     606    Berkeley DB     606    Cassandra     607    Memcached and MemcacheDB     607    Redis     608    Riak     608 Document Stores     608    CouchDB     609    MongoDB     610    BaseX     610 Wide Column Stores     611    BigTable     611    HBase     611 Graph Stores     612    Neo4j     612    OrientDB     612    HyperGraphDB     612    FlockDB     613 References     613 Chapter 32  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)     615 Configuring the Server     616    Creating Your Schema     616    Populating Your Directory     617 Configuring Clients     619    Evolution     620    Thunderbird     621 Administration     621 References     622 Chapter 33  Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)     623 Requirements     624 Installation     627 Using LTSP     628 References     629 Chapter 34  Virtualization on Ubuntu     631 KVM     633 VirtualBox     637 VMware     639 Xen     639 References     639 Chapter 35  Ubuntu in the Cloud     641 Why a Cloud?     642    Software as a Service (SaaS)     643    Platform as a Service (PaaS)     643    Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)     643    Metal as a Service (MaaS)     643    Before You Do Anything     644 Deploy/Install Basics: Public, Private, or Hybrid?     644 Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStack     645    Compute Infrastructure (Nova)     645    Storage Infrastructure (Swift)     646    Networking Service (Neutron)     646    Identity Service (Keystone)     646    Imaging Service (Glance)     647    Dashboard (Horizon)     647    Learning More     647 Juju     647    Getting Started     648    Charms     650    The Juju GUI     652    Juju Quickstart     653    Juju on Mac OS X and Windows     653    Mojo: Continuous Delivery for Juju     653 Snappy Ubuntu Core     653 Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS)     653 Landscape     654 References     654 Chapter 36  Managing Sets of Servers     655 Juju     655 Puppet     656 Chef     656 CFEngine     656 Ansible     657 Landscape     657 References     657 Chapter 37  Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS)     659 Understanding Domain Names     661    DNS Servers     661    DNS Records     662 Setting Up a DNS Server with BIND     665 References     667 PART V:  PROGRAMMING LINUX Chapter 38  Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu     669 Programming with Linux     670 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu     671    Building Programs with make     671    Using Makefiles     671    Using the autoconf Utility to Configure Code     673    Debugging Tools     674 Using the GNU C Compiler     675 Graphical Development Tools     676    Using the KDevelop Client     676    The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME     677    Use an IDE or SDK     678 References     680 Chapter 39  Opportunistic Development     681 Version Control Systems     681    Managing Software Projects with Git     682    Managing Software Projects with Bazaar     683    Managing Software Projects with Subversion     684    Managing Software Projects with Mercurial     685 Introduction to Opportunistic Development     686 Launchpad     687 Ubuntu Make     688 Creating Snap Packages     689 Bikeshed and Other Tools     689 References     692 Chapter 40  Helping with Ubuntu Development     693 Introduction to Ubuntu Development     694 Setting Up Your Development System     695    Install Basic Packages and Configure     695    Create a Launchpad Account     696    Set Up Your Environment to Work with Launchpad     696 Developing Apps and Scopes     698 Fixing Bugs and Packaging     698 Finding Bugs to Fix with Harvest     701 Masters of the Universe     701 References     702 Chapter 41  Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA     703 Community Teams     703    Ubuntu Testing Team     704    QA Team705 Bug Squad     705 Test Drive     705 References     708 Chapter 42  Using Popular Programming Languages     709 Ada     710 Clojure     710 COBOL     711 D     712 Dart     712 Elixir     713 Erlang     713 Forth     713 Go     714 Fortran     714 Groovy     715 Haskell     715 Java     715 JavaScript     716 Lisp     716 Lua     717 Mono     717 OCaml     718 Perl     718 PHP     719 Python     719 Ruby     719 Rust     720 Scala     720 Scratch     720 Vala     720 References     721 Chapter 43  Beginning Mobile Development for Android     723 Introduction to Android     724    Hardware     724    Linux Kernel     724    Libraries     724    Android Runtime     724    Application Framework     725    Applications     725 Installing Android Studio     725    Install Android Studio     725    Install SDK Packages     725 Create Your First Application     727 References     728 Chapter 44  Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch     729 Install the SDK     730 Create Your First Application     730 References     731 Index     733 BONUS ONLINE CHAPTERS Chapter 45  Using Perl Web Using Perl with Linux    Perl Versions    A Simple Perl Program Perl Variables and Data Structures    Perl Variable Types    Special Variables Operators    Comparison Operators    Compound Operators    Arithmetic Operators    Other Operators    Special String Constants Conditional Statements: if/else and unless    if    unless Looping    for    foreach    while    until    last and next    do ..while and do ..until Regular Expressions Access to the Shell Modules and CPAN Code Examples    Sending Mail    Purging Logs    Posting to Usenet    One-Liners    Command-Line Processing References Chapter 46  Using Python Python on Linux The Basics of Python    Numbers    More on Strings    Lists    Dictionaries    Conditionals and Looping Functions Object Orientation    Class and Object Variables    Constructors and Destructors    Class Inheritance The Standard Library and the Python Package Index References Chapter 47  Using PHP Introduction to PHP    Entering and Exiting PHP Mode    Variables    Arrays    Constants    References    Comments    Escape Sequences    Variable Substitution    Operators    Conditional Statements    Special Operators    Switching    Loops    Including Other Files Basic Functions    Strings    Arrays    Files    Miscellaneous Handling HTML Forms Databases References