Ubuntu Unleashed 2014 Edition: Covering 13.10 and 14.04

Ubuntu Unleashed 2014 Edition is filled with unique and advanced information for everyone who wants to make the most of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated by a long-time Ubuntu community leader to reflect the exciting new Ubuntu 13.10 and the forthcoming Ubuntu 14.04.   Former Ubuntu Forum administrator Matthew Helmke covers all you need to know about Ubuntu 13.10/14.04 installation, configuration, productivity, multimedia, development, system administration, server operations, networking, virtualization, security, DevOps, and more—including intermediate-to-advanced techniques you won’t find in any other book. Helmke presents up-to-the-minute introductions to Ubuntu’s key productivity and Web development tools, programming languages, hardware support, and more. You’ll find new or improved coverage of Ubuntu’s Unity interface, various types of servers, software repositories, database options, virtualization and cloud services, development tools, monitoring, troubleshooting, Ubuntu’s push into mobile and other touch screen devices, and much more.   Matthew Helmke served from 2006 to 2011 on the Ubuntu Forum Council, providing leadership and oversight of the Ubuntu Forums, and spent two years on the Ubuntu regional membership approval board for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. He has written about Ubuntu for several magazines and websites and is the lead author of The Official Ubuntu Book. He works for Pearson Education writing technical documentation for educational testing software.   Detailed information on how to… Configure and customize the Unity desktop Get started with multimedia and productivity applications, including LibreOffice Manage Linux services, users, and software packages Administer and run Ubuntu from the command line Automate tasks and use shell scripting Provide secure remote access and configure a secure VPN Manage kernels and modules Administer file, print, email, proxy, LDAP, DNS, and HTTP servers (Apache, Nginx, or alternatives) Learn about new options for managing large numbers of servers Work with databases (both SQL and the newest NoSQL alternatives) Get started with virtualization Build a private cloud with Juju and Charms Learn the basics about popular programming languages including Python, PHP, Perl, and new alternatives such as Go and Rust Learn about Ubuntu’s work toward usability on touch-screen and phone devices   Ubuntu 13.10 on DVD DVD includes the full Ubuntu 13.10 distribution for Intel x86 computers as well as the complete LibreOffice office suite and hundreds of additional programs and utilities. Free Kick Start Chapter! Purchase this book and receive a free Ubuntu 14.04 Kick Start chapter after Ubuntu 14.04 is released. See inside back cover for details    

Table of Contents:
Introduction    1 Licensing    2 Who This Book Is For    3 Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users    3 Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps    4 What This Book Contains    5 Conventions Used in This Book    6 Part I  Getting Started 1  Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration    9 Before You Begin the Installation    9 Researching Your Hardware Specifications    10 Installation Options    10 32-Bit vs 64-Bit Ubuntu    12 Planning Partition Strategies    12 The Boot Loader    13 Installing from DVD or USB Drive    14 Step-by-Step Installation    14 Installing    15 First Update    19 Shutting Down    19 Finding Programs and Files    20 Software Updater    21 The sudo Command    24 Configuring Software Repositories    25 System Settings    27 Detecting and Configuring a Printer    28 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu    29 Setting the Time and Date    29 Configuring Wireless Networks    31 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems    33 References    34 2  Background Information and Resources    35 What Is Linux?    35 Why Use Linux?    36 What Is Ubuntu?    38 Ubuntu for Business    39 Ubuntu in Your Home    40 Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation    40 Ubuntu Developers and Documentation    42 Websites and Search Engines    42 Web Search Tips    42 Google Is Your Friend    43 Ubuntu Package Listings    43 Commercial Support    44 Documentation    44 Linux Guides    44 Ubuntu    45 Mailing Lists    46 Ubuntu Project Mailing Lists    46 Internet Relay Chat    47 Part II  Desktop Ubuntu 3  Working with Unity    49 Foundations and the X Server    49 Basic X Concepts    50 Using X    51 Elements of the xorg.conf File    52 Starting X    57 Using a Display Manager    58 Changing Window Managers    58 Using Unity, a Primer    59 The Desktop    59 Customizing and Configuring Unity    65 Power Shortcuts    66 References    67 4  On the Internet    69 Getting Started with Firefox    70 Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium    71 Choosing an Email Client    73 Mozilla Thunderbird    73 Evolution    74 Other Mail Clients    75 RSS Readers    76 Firefox    76 Liferea    76 Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing with Empathy    77 Internet Relay Chat    78 Usenet Newsgroups    80 Ubuntu One Cloud Storage    82 References    82 5  Productivity Applications    83 Introducing LibreOffice    85 Other Office Suites for Ubuntu    87 Working with GNOME Office    87 Working with KOffice    88 Other Useful Productivity Software    89 Working with PDF    89 Working with XML and DocBook    89 Working with LaTeX    91 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows    91 References    92 6  Multimedia Applications    93 Sound and Music    93 Sound Cards    94 Adjusting Volume    95 Sound Formats    96 Listening to Music    97 Buying Music in the Ubuntu One Music Store    99 Graphics Manipulation    100 The GNU Image Manipulation Program    101 Using Scanners in Ubuntu    103 Working with Graphics Formats    103 Capturing Screen Images    105 Other Graphics Manipulation Options    106 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu    106 Handheld Digital Cameras    106 Using Shotwell Photo Manager    107 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu    107 Creating CDs and DVDs with Brasero    108 Creating CDs from the Command Line    109 Creating DVDs from the Command Line    110 Viewing Video    112 TV and Video Hardware    112 Video Formats    114 Viewing Video in Linux    114 Personal Video Recorders    116 Video Editing    116 References    117 7  Other Ubuntu Interfaces    119 Desktop Environment    120 KDE and Kubuntu    121 Xfce and Xubuntu    122 LXDE and Lubuntu    123 GNOME 3 and Ubuntu GNOME    124 Ubuntu Kylin    125 References    126 8  Games    127 Ubuntu Gaming    127 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers    128 Installing Games in Ubuntu    129 Warsow    130 Scorched 3D    130 Frozen Bubble    131 SuperTux    132 Battle for Wesnoth    132 Frets on Fire    134 FlightGear    134 Speed Dreams    134 Games for Kids    134 Commercial Games    135 Playing Windows Games    136 References    136 Part III  System Administration 9  Managing Software    139 Ubuntu Software Center    139 Using Synaptic for Software Management    140 Staying Up-to-Date    142 Working on the Command Line    143 Day-to-Day Usage    144 Finding Software    147 Compiling Software from Source    148 Compiling from a Tarball    148 Compiling from Source from the Ubuntu Repositories    149 Configuration Management    150 dotdee    150 OneConf    151 References    151 10  Command-Line Quickstart    153 What Is the Command Line?    154 Accessing the Command Line    155 Text-Based Console Login    156 Logging Out    157 Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer    157 User Accounts    158 Reading Documentation    160 Using Man Pages    160 Using apropros    160 Using whereis    161 Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy    161 Essential Commands in /bin and /sbin    162 Configuration Files in /etc    163 User Directories: /home    163 Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel    164 Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory    165 Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory    166 Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory    166 Navigating the Linux File System    166 Listing the Contents of a Directory with ls    166 Changing Directories with cd    168 Finding Your Current Directory with pwd    169 Working with Permissions    169 Assigning Permissions    170 Directory Permissions    171 Altering File Permissions with chmod    172 File Permissions with chgrp    173 Changing File Permissions with chown    173 Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions    173 Working with Files    175 Creating a File with touch    175 Creating a Directory with mkdir    175 Deleting a Directory with rmdir    176 Deleting a File or Directory with rm    177 Moving or Renaming a File with mv    177 Copying a File with cp    178 Displaying the Contents of a File with cat    179 Displaying the Contents of a File with less    179 Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions    179 Working as Root    180 Understanding and Fixing sudo    180 Creating Users    183 Deleting Users    184 Shutting Down the System    184 Rebooting the System    185 Commonly Used Commands and Programs    185 References    186 11  Command-Line Master Class    187 Why Use the Command Line?    188 Using Basic Commands    189 Printing the Contents of a File with cat    190 Changing Directories with cd    191 Changing File Access Permissions with chmod    193 Copying Files with cp    193 Printing Disk Usage with du    194 Finding Files by Searching with find    195 Searches for a String in Input with grep    197 Paging Through Output with less    198 Creating Links Between Files with ln    200 Finding Files from an Index with locate    202 Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls    202 Reading Manual Pages with man    204 Making Directories with mkdir    205 Moving Files with mv    205 Listing Processes with ps    206 Deleting Files and Directories with rm    206 Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail    207 Printing Resource Usage with top    207 Using echo    209 Printing the Location of a Command with which    210 Redirecting Output and Input    210 stdin, stdout, sdterr, and Redirection    211 Comparing Files    212 Finding Differences in Files with diff    213 Finding Similarities in Files with comm    213 Combining Commands    214 Pipes    214 Running One or More Tasks in the Background    216 Combining Commands with Boolean Operators    216 Running Separate Commands in Sequence    217 Using Environment Variables    217 Using Common Text Editors    220 Working with nano    222 Working with vi    222 Working with emacs    223 Working with sed and awk    225 Working with Compressed Files    227 Using Multiple Terminals with byobu    227 Polite System Reset using REISUB    229 Limiting Resource Use    230 References    231 12  Managing Users    233 User Accounts    233 The Super User/Root User    234 User IDs and Group IDs    236 File Permissions    236 Managing Groups    237 Group Listing    237 Group Management Tools    238 Managing Users    240 User Management Tools    240 Adding New Users    242 Monitoring User Activity on the System    246 Managing Passwords    246 System Password Policy    246 The Password File    247 Shadow Passwords    248 Managing Password Security for Users    250 Changing Passwords in a Batch    251 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users    251 Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command    251 Granting Root Privileges on Occasion: The sudo Command    253 Disk Quotas    256 Implementing Quotas    257 Manually Configuring Quotas    257 Related Ubuntu Commands    258 References    259 13  Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting    261 Scheduling Tasks    261 Using at and batch to Schedule Tasks for Later    261 Using cron to Run Jobs Repeatedly    264 Using rtcwake to Wake Your Computer from Sleep Automatically    266 Basic Shell Control    268 The Shell Command Line    269 Shell Pattern-Matching Support    270 Redirecting Input and Output    271 Piping Data    272 Background Processing    272 Writing and Executing a Shell Script    273 Running the New Shell Program    274 Storing Shell Scripts for System-wide Access    275 Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells    276 Using Variables in Shell Scripts    277 Assigning a Value to a Variable    278 Accessing Variable Values    278 Positional Parameters    278 A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter    279 Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command Line    280 Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks    280 Built-In Variables    282 Special Characters    283 Using Double Quotes to Resolve Variables in Strings with Embedded Spaces    284 Using Single Quotes to Maintain Unexpanded Variables    284 Using the Backslash as an Escape Character    285 Using the Backtick to Replace a String with Output    286 Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash    286 Comparing Expressions with tcsh    291 The for Statement    295 The while Statement    297 The until Statement    298 The repeat Statement (tcsh)    299 The select Statement (pdksh)    299 The shift Statement    300 The if Statement    300 The case Statement    302 The break and exit Statements    304 Using Functions in Shell Scripts    304 References    305 14  The Boot Process    307 Running Services at Boot    307 Beginning the Boot Loading Process    308 Loading the Linux Kernel    309 System Services and Runlevels    310 Runlevel Definitions    310 Booting into the Default Runlevel    311 Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization    311 Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools    312 Changing Runlevels    312 Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems    313 Starting and Stopping Services Manually    314 Using Upstart    315 References    316 15  System-Monitoring Tools    317 Console-Based Monitoring    317 Using the kill Command to Control Processes    319 Using Priority Scheduling and Control    320 Displaying Free and Used Memory with free    323 Disk Space    323 Disk Quotas    324 Checking Log Files    324 Graphical Process and System Management Tools    326 System Monitor    326 Conky    328 Other    333 KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools    333 Enterprise Server Monitoring    333 Landscape    334 Other    334 References    334 16  Backing Up    335 Choosing a Backup Strategy    335 Why Data Loss Occurs    336 Assessing Your Backup Needs and Resources    337 Evaluating Backup Strategies    339 Making the Choice    342 Choosing Backup Hardware and Media    342 Removable Storage Media    342 CD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW Drives    343 Network Storage    343 Tape Drive Backup    343 Cloud Storage    344 Using Backup Software    344 tar: The Most Basic Backup Tool    345 The GNOME File Roller    347 The KDE ark Archiving Tool    348 Déjà Dup    348 Back In Time    350 Unison    352 Using the Amanda Backup Application    352 Alternative Backup Software    353 Copying Files    354 Copying Files Using tar    354 Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams    355 Copying Files Using cp    355 Copying Files Using mc    356 Using rsync    356 Version Control for Configuration Files    358 System Rescue    360 The Ubuntu Rescue Disc    361 Restoring the GRUB2 Boot Loader    361 Saving Files from a Nonbooting Hard Drive    362 References    362 17  Networking    363 Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface    364 Checking for the Availability of the Loopback Interface    364 Configuring the Loopback Interface Manually    364 Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr    366 Networking with TCP/IP    368 TCP/IP Addressing    369 Using IP Masquerading in Ubuntu    371 Ports    372 IPv6 Basics    372 Network Organization    375 Subnetting    375 Subnet Masks    376 Broadcast, Unicast, and Multicast Addressing    376 Hardware Devices for Networking    377 Network Interface Cards    377 Network Cable    379 Hubs and Switches    380 Routers and Bridges    381 Initializing New Network Hardware    381 Using Network Configuration Tools    383 Command-Line Network Interface Configuration    384 Network Configuration Files    389 Using Graphical Configuration Tools    391 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol    393 How DHCP Works    393 Activating DHCP at Installation and Boot Time    394 DHCP Software Installation and Configuration    395 Using DHCP to Configure Network Hosts    397 Other Uses for DHCP    399 Wireless Networking    399 Support for Wireless Networking in Ubuntu    399 Advantages of Wireless Networking    401 Choosing from Among Available Wireless Protocols    401 Beyond the Network and onto the Internet    402 Common Configuration Information    402 Configuring Digital Subscriber Line Access    404 Understanding PPP over Ethernet    404 Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually    405 Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access    406 Troubleshooting Connection Problems    407 References    408 18  Remote Access with SSH and Telnet    409 Setting Up a Telnet Server    409 Telnet Versus SSH    411 Setting Up an SSH Server    411 SSH Tools    411 Using scp to Copy Individual Files Between Machines    412 Using sftp to Copy Many Files Between Machines    413 Using ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based Logins    413 Virtual Network Computing    415 References    417 19  Securing Your Machines    419 Understanding Computer Attacks    419 Assessing Your Vulnerability    421 Protecting Your Machine    422 Securing a Wireless Network    423 Passwords and Physical Security    423 Configuring and Using Tripwire    424 Devices    425 Viruses    425 Configuring Your Firewall    426 AppArmor    430 Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan    432 References    433 20  Performance Tuning    435 Hard Disk    435 Using the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk Drives    436 The hdparm Command    437 File System Tuning    438 The tune2fs Command    438 The e2fsck Command    439 The badblocks Command    439 Disabling File Access Time    439 Kernel    440 Apache    441 MySQL    442 Measuring Key Buffer Usage    442 Using the Query Cache    444 Miscellaneous Tweaks    445 Query Optimization    446 References    446 21  Kernel and Module Management    447 The Linux Kernel    448 The Linux Source Tree    449 Types of Kernels    451 Managing Modules    452 When to Recompile    454 Kernel Versions    455 Obtaining the Kernel Sources    456 Patching the Kernel    457 Compiling the Kernel    458 Using xconfig to Configure the Kernel    461 Creating an Initial RAM Disk Image    464 When Something Goes Wrong    465 Errors During Compile    465 Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops    466 References    466 Part IV  Ubuntu as a Server 22  Sharing Files and Printers    469 Using the Network File System    470 Installing and Starting or Stopping NFS    470 NFS Server Configuration    470 NFS Client Configuration    472 Putting Samba to Work    473 Manually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.conf    474 Testing Samba with the testparm Command    477 Starting, Stopping, and Restarting the smbd Daemon    478 Mounting Samba Shares    479 Configuring Samba Using SWAT    480 Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu    483 Creating Network Printers    484 Using the Common UNIX Printing System GUI    486 Avoiding Printer Support Problems    488 References    489 23  Apache Web Server Management    491 About the Apache Web Server    491 Installing the Apache Server    492 Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories    493 Building the Source Yourself    494 Starting and Stopping Apache    497 Starting the Apache Server Manually    497 Using /etc/init.d/apache2    498 Runtime Server Configuration Settings    499 Runtime Configuration Directives    500 Editing apache2.conf    500 Apache Multiprocessing Modules    503 Using .htaccess Configuration Files    503 File System Authentication and Access Control    505 Restricting Access with allow and deny    506 Authentication    507 Final Words on Access Control    509 Apache Modules    510 mod_access    510 mod_alias    511 mod_asis    511 mod_auth    511 mod_auth_anon    512 mod_auth_dbm    512 mod_auth_digest    512 mod_autoindex    512 mod_cgi    512 mod_dir and mod_env    512 mod_expires    513 mod_headers    513 mod_include    513 mod_info and mod_log_config    513 mod_mime and mod_mime_magic    513 mod_negotiation    513 mod_proxy    514 mod_rewrite    514 mod_setenvif    514 mod_speling    514 mod_status    514 mod_ssl    514 mod_unique_id    515 mod_userdir    515 mod_usertrack    515 mod_vhost_alias    515 Virtual Hosting    515 Address-Based Virtual Hosts    515 Name-Based Virtual Hosts    516 Logging    517 References    519 24  Nginx Web Server Management    521 About the Nginx Web Server    521 Installing the Nginx Server    523 Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories    523 Building the Source Yourself    524 Configuring the Nginx Server    524 Virtual Hosting    527 Setting Up PHP    528 Adding and Configuring Modules    530 References    530 25  Other HTTP Servers    531 lighttpd    531 Yaws    532 Cherokee    533 Jetty    533 thttpd    534 Apache Tomcat    534 References    534 26  Remote File Serving with FTP    535 Choosing an FTP Server    535 Choosing an Authenticated or Anonymous Server    536 Ubuntu FTP Server Packages    536 Other FTP Servers    536 Installing FTP Software    537 The FTP User    538 Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server    540 Controlling Anonymous Access    541 Other vsftpd Server Configuration Files    542 Using the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection    543 References    544 27  Handling Email    545 How Email Is Sent and Received    545 The Mail Transport Agent    546 Choosing an MTA    548 The Mail Delivery Agent    548 The Mail User Agent    549 Basic Postfix Configuration and Operation    550 Configuring Masquerading    552 Using Smart Hosts    553 Setting Message Delivery Intervals    553 Mail Relaying    554 Forwarding Email with Aliases    554 Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail    555 Installing Fetchmail    555 Configuring Fetchmail    555 Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent    559 Procmail    559 Spamassassin    559 Squirrelmail    560 Virus Scanners    560 Autoresponders    560 Alternatives to Microsoft Exchange Server    560 Microsoft Exchange Server/Outlook Client    561 CommuniGate Pro    561 Oracle Beehive    562 Bynari    562 Open-Xchange    562 phpgroupware    562 PHProjekt    562 Horde    562 References    563 28  Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN)    565 What Is a Proxy Server?    565 Installing Squid    566 Configuring Clients    566 Access Control Lists    567 Specifying Client IP Addresses    571 Sample Configurations    572 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)    574 Setting Up a VPN Client    575 Setting Up a VPN Server    577 References    579 29  Administering Relational Database Services    581 A Brief Review of Database Basics    582 How Relational Databases Work    584 Understanding SQL Basics    586 Creating Tables    586 Inserting Data into Tables    587 Retrieving Data from a Database    588 Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL    590 Speed    590 Data Locking    591 ACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data Integrity    591 SQL Subqueries    592 Procedural Languages and Triggers    592 Configuring MySQL    593 Setting a Password for the MySQL Root User    594 Creating a Database in MySQL    594 Configuring PostgreSQL    596 Initializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQL    596 Creating a Database in PostgreSQL    597 Creating Database Users in PostgreSQL    598 Deleting Database Users in PostgreSQL    598 Granting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQL    599 Database Clients    599 SSH Access to a Database    600 Local GUI Client Access to a Database    601 Web Access to a Database    602 The MySQL Command-Line Client    603 The PostgreSQL Command-Line Client    604 Graphical Clients    605 References    605 30  NoSQL Databases    607 Key/Value Stores    610 Berkeley DB    610 Cassandra    611 Memcached and MemcacheDB    611 Redis    612 Riak    612 Document Stores    612 CouchDB    613 MongoDB    614 BaseX    614 Wide Column Stores    615 BigTable    615 HBase    615 Graph Stores    616 Neo4j    616 OrientDB    616 HyperGraphDB    616 FlockDB    617 References    617 31  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)    619 Configuring the Server    620 Creating Your Schema    620 Populating Your Directory    622 Configuring Clients    624 Evolution    624 Thunderbird    625 Administration    625 References    626 32  Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)    627 Requirements    628 Installation    631 Using LTSP    632 References    633 33  Virtualization on Ubuntu    635 KVM    637 VirtualBox    641 VMware    643 Xen    643 References    643 34  Ubuntu in the Cloud    645 Why a Cloud?    646 Software as a Service (SaaS)    647 Platform as a Service (PaaS)    647 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)    647 Metal as a Service (MaaS)    647 Before You Do Anything    648 Ubuntu Cloud and Eucalyptus    648 Deploy/Install Basics: Public or Private?    650 Public    650 Private    651 A euca2ools Primer    654 Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStack    656 Compute Infrastructure (Nova)    656 Storage Infrastructure (Swift)    657 Imaging Service (Glance)    657 Installation    657 Creating an Image    667 Instance Management    670 Storage Management    671 Network Management    671 An OpenStack Commands Primer    672 Learning More    672 Juju    672 Getting Started    673 Charms    676 The Juju GUI    677 Juju on Mac OS X    678 Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS)    678 Landscape    679 References    679 35  Managing Sets of Servers    681 Juju    681 Puppet    682 Chef    682 CFEngine    683 Ansible    683 Landscape    683 References    683 36  Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS)    685 Understanding Domain Names    687 DNS Servers    687 DNS Records    688 Setting Up a DNS Server with BIND    691 References    693 Part V  Programming Linux 37  Opportunistic Development    695 Version Control Systems    696 Managing Software Projects with Subversion    696 Managing Software Projects with Bazaar    697 Managing Software Projects with Mercurial    698 Managing Software Projects with Git    699 Introduction to Opportunistic Development    700 Launchpad    701 Quickly    703 Ground Control    707 Bikeshed and Other Tools    711 References    713 38  Helping with Ubuntu Development    715 Introduction to Ubuntu Development    716 Setting Up Your Development System    717 Install Basic Packages and Configure    717 Create a Launchpad Account    718 Set Up Your Environment to Work with Launchpad    718 Fixing Bugs and Packaging    720 Finding Bugs to Fix with Harvest    723 Masters of the Universe    723 References    723 39  Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA    725 Community Teams    725 Ubuntu Testing Team    726 QA Team    726 Bug Squad    727 Test Drive    727 References    730 40  Using Perl    731 Using Perl with Linux    731 Perl Versions    732 A Simple Perl Program    732 Perl Variables and Data Structures    734 Perl Variable Types    735 Special Variables    735 Operators    736 Comparison Operators    736 Compound Operators    737 Arithmetic Operators    737 Other Operators    738 Special String Constants    738 Conditional Statements: if/else and unless    739 if    739 unless    740 Looping    740 for    740 foreach    741 while    741 until    742 last and next    742 do    while and do    until    742 Regular Expressions    743 Access to the Shell    744 Modules and CPAN    745 Code Examples    745 Sending Mail    745 Purging Logs    747 Posting to Usenet    748 One-Liners    749 Command-Line Processing    750 References    750 41  Using Python    753 Python on Linux    754 The Basics of Python    755 Numbers    755 More on Strings    757 Lists    760 Dictionaries    762 Conditionals and Looping    763 Functions    765 Object Orientation    766 Class and Object Variables    767 Constructors and Destructors    768 Class Inheritance    769 The Standard Library and the Python Package Index    771 References    771 42  Using PHP    773 Introduction to PHP    774 Entering and Exiting PHP Mode    774 Variables    774 Arrays    776 Constants    778 References    778 Comments    779 Escape Sequences    779 Variable Substitution    780 Operators    781 Conditional Statements    783 Special Operators    784 Switching    785 Loops    787 Including Other Files    789 Basic Functions    790 Strings    790 Arrays    793 Files    795 Miscellaneous    797 Handling HTML Forms    801 Databases    801 References    804 43  C/C++ Programming Tools for Ubuntu    805 Programming in C with Linux    806 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu    807 Building Programs with make    807 Using Makefiles    807 Using the autoconf Utility to Configure Code    809 Debugging Tools    810 Using the GNU C Compiler    811 Graphical Development Tools    812 Using the KDevelop Client    812 The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME    813 References    814 Part VI  Appendices 44  Using Other Popular Programming Languages    817 Ada    818 Clojure    819 COBOL    819 D    820 Erlang    820 Forth    821 Go    821 Fortran    822 Groovy    822 Haskell    822 Java    823 JavaScript    823 Lisp    824 Lua    824 Mono    825 Ruby    825 Rust    826 Scala    826 Scratch    826 Vala    827 References    827 45  Beginning Mobile Development for Android    829 Introduction to Android    830 Hardware    830 Linux Kernel    830 Libraries    830 Android Runtime    830 Application Framework    830 Applications    831 Installing the Android SDK    831 Install Java    831 Install Eclipse    831 Install the SDK    831 Install the ADT Eclipse Plug-In    832 Install Other Components    832 Install Virtual Devices    833 Create Your First Application    834 References    835 46  Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch    837 Install the SDK    838 Create Your First Application    838 Learn About Ubuntu Design    839 Study the User Interface Toolkit    839 References    840 Index    841