Ubuntu Unleashed 2015 Edition: Covering 14.10 and 15.04

Ubuntu Unleashed 2015 Edition is filled with unique and advanced information for everyone who wants to make the most of the Linux-based Ubuntu operating system. This new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated by a long-time Ubuntu community leader to reflect the exciting new Ubuntu 14.10 while including tons of information that will continue to apply to future editions.   Former Ubuntu Forum administrator Matthew Helmke covers all you need to know about Ubuntu 14.10 installation, configuration, productivity, multimedia, development, system administration, server operations, networking, virtualization, security, DevOps, and more–including intermediate-to-advanced techniques you won’t find in any other book.   Helmke presents up-to-the-minute introductions to Ubuntu’s key productivity and Web development tools, programming languages, hardware support, and more. You’ll find new or improved coverage of Ubuntu’s Unity interface, various types of servers, software repositories, database options, virtualization and cloud services, development tools, monitoring, troubleshooting, Ubuntu’s push into mobile and other touch screen devices, and much more.   Detailed information on how to… Configure and customize the Unity desktop Get started with multimedia and productivity applications, including LibreOffice Manage Linux services, users, and software packages Administer and run Ubuntu from the command line Automate tasks and use shell scripting Provide secure remote access and configure a secure VPN Manage kernels and modules Administer file, print, email, proxy, LDAP, DNS, and HTTP servers (Apache, Nginx, or alternatives) Learn about new options for managing large numbers of servers Work with databases (both SQL and the newest NoSQL alternatives) Get started with virtualization Build a private cloud with Juju and Charms Learn the basics about popular programming languages including Python, PHP, Perl, and new alternatives such as Go and Rust Learn about Ubuntu’s work toward usability on touch-screen and phone devices Ubuntu 14.10 on DVD DVD includes the full Ubuntu 14.10 distribution for 64 bit computers (most desktop and notebooks systems today) as well as the complete LibreOffice office suite and hundreds of additional programs and utilities.   Free Kick Start Chapter! Purchase this book and receive a free Ubuntu 15.04 Kick Start chapter after Ubuntu 15.04 is released. See inside back cover for details    

Table of Contents:
Introduction    1 Licensing    2 Who This Book Is For    3 Those Wanting to Become Intermediate or Advanced Users    3 Sysadmins, Programmers, and DevOps    4 What This Book Contains    5 Conventions Used in This Book    6 Part I  Getting Started 1  Installing Ubuntu and Post-Installation Configuration    9 Before You Begin the Installation    9 Researching Your Hardware Specifications    10 Installation Options    10 32-Bit vs. 64-Bit Ubuntu    12 Planning Partition Strategies    13 The Boot Loader    13 Installing from DVD or USB Drive    14 Step-by-Step Installation    14 Installing    15 First Update    20 Shutting Down    20 Finding Programs and Files    21 Software Updater    22 The sudo Command    25 Configuring Software Repositories    26 System Settings    28 Detecting and Configuring a Printer    29 Configuring Power Management in Ubuntu    29 Setting the Time and Date    30 Configuring Wireless Networks    32 Troubleshooting Post-Installation Configuration Problems    33 References    34 2  Background Information and Resources    35 What Is Linux?    35 Why Use Linux?    37 What Is Ubuntu?    39 Ubuntu for Business    40 Ubuntu in Your Home    41 Getting the Most from Ubuntu and Linux Documentation    41 Ubuntu Developers and Documentation    43 Websites and Search Engines    43 Web Search Tips    43 Google Is Your Friend    44 Ubuntu Package Listings    44 Commercial Support    44 Documentation    45 Linux Guides    45 Ubuntu    46 Mailing Lists    46 Ubuntu Project Mailing Lists    47 Internet Relay Chat    48 Part II  Desktop Ubuntu 3  Working with Unity    49 Foundations and the X Server    49 Basic X Concepts    50 Using X    51 Elements of the xorg.conf File    52 Starting X    57 Using a Display Manager    58 Changing Window Managers    58 Using Unity, a Primer    59 The Desktop    59 Customizing and Configuring Unity    64 Power Shortcuts    66 References    67 4  On the Internet    69 Getting Started with Firefox    70 Checking Out Google Chrome and Chromium    71 Choosing an Email Client    73 Mozilla Thunderbird    73 Evolution    74 Other Mail Clients    75 RSS Readers    76 Firefox    76 Liferea    76 Instant Messaging and Video Conferencing with Empathy    77 Internet Relay Chat    78 Usenet Newsgroups    80 References    82 5  Productivity Applications    83 Introducing LibreOffice    85 Other Office Suites for Ubuntu    87 Working with GNOME Office    87 Working with KOffice    88 Other Useful Productivity Software    89 Working with PDF    89 Working with XML and DocBook    89 Working with LaTeX    91 Productivity Applications Written for Microsoft Windows    91 References    92 6  Multimedia Applications    93 Sound and Music    93 Sound Cards    94 Adjusting Volume    95 Sound Formats    96 Listening to Music    97 Buying Music in the Ubuntu One Music Store    99 Graphics Manipulation    100 The GNU Image Manipulation Program    101 Using Scanners in Ubuntu    103 Working with Graphics Formats    103 Capturing Screen Images    105 Other Graphics Manipulation Options    106 Using Digital Cameras with Ubuntu    106 Handheld Digital Cameras    106 Using Shotwell Photo Manager    107 Burning CDs and DVDs in Ubuntu    107 Creating CDs and DVDs with Brasero    108 Creating CDs from the Command Line    109 Creating DVDs from the Command Line    110 Viewing Video    112 TV and Video Hardware    112 Video Formats    114 Viewing Video in Linux    114 Personal Video Recorders    116 Video Editing    116 References    117 7  Other Ubuntu Interfaces    119 Desktop Environment    120 KDE and Kubuntu    121 Xfce and Xubuntu    122 LXDE and Lubuntu    123 GNOME 3 and Ubuntu GNOME    124 Ubuntu Kylin    125 References    126 8  Games    127 Ubuntu Gaming    127 Installing Proprietary Video Drivers    128 Installing Games in Ubuntu    129 Warsow    129 Scorched 3D    130 Frozen Bubble    131 SuperTux    131 Battle for Wesnoth    133 Frets on Fire    133 FlightGear    134 Speed Dreams    134 Games for Kids    134 Commercial Games    135 Steam    136 Playing Windows Games    136 References    137 Part III  System Administration 9  Managing Software    139 Ubuntu Software Center    139 Using Synaptic for Software Management    140 Staying Up-to-Date    142 Working on the Command Line    143 Day-to-Day Usage    144 Finding Software    147 Compiling Software from Source    148 Compiling from a Tarball    148 Compiling from Source from the Ubuntu Repositories    149 Configuration Management    150 dotdee    150 OneConf    151 References    151 10  Command-Line Quickstart    153 What Is the Command Line?    154 Accessing the Command Line    155 Text-Based Console Login    156 Logging Out    157 Logging In and Out from a Remote Computer    157 User Accounts    158 Reading Documentation    160 Using Man Pages    160 Using apropros    160 Using whereis    161 Understanding the Linux File System Hierarchy    161 Essential Commands in /bin and /sbin    162 Configuration Files in /etc    163 User Directories: /home    163 Using the Contents of the /proc Directory to Interact with the Kernel    164 Working with Shared Data in the /usr Directory    165 Temporary File Storage in the /tmp Directory    166 Accessing Variable Data Files in the /var Directory    166 Navigating the Linux File System    166 Listing the Contents of a Directory with ls    166 Changing Directories with cd    168 Finding Your Current Directory with pwd    169 Working with Permissions    169 Assigning Permissions    170 Directory Permissions    171 Altering File Permissions with chmod    172 File Permissions with chgrp    173 Changing File Permissions with chown    173 Understanding Set User ID and Set Group ID Permissions    173 Working with Files    175 Creating a File with touch    175 Creating a Directory with mkdir    175 Deleting a Directory with rmdir    176 Deleting a File or Directory with rm    177 Moving or Renaming a File with mv    177 Copying a File with cp    178 Displaying the Contents of a File with cat    179 Displaying the Contents of a File with less    179 Using Wildcards and Regular Expressions    179 Working as Root    180 Understanding and Fixing sudo    180 Creating Users    183 Deleting Users    184 Shutting Down the System    184 Rebooting the System    185 Commonly Used Commands and Programs    185 References    186 11  Command-Line Master Class    187 Why Use the Command Line?    188 Using Basic Commands    189 Printing the Contents of a File with cat    191 Changing Directories with cd    191 Changing File Access Permissions with chmod    193 Copying Files with cp    194 Printing Disk Usage with du    194 Finding Files by Searching with find    195 Searches for a String in Input with grep    197 Paging Through Output with less    198 Creating Links Between Files with ln    200 Finding Files from an Index with locate    202 Listing Files in the Current Directory with ls    202 Reading Manual Pages with man    204 Making Directories with mkdir    205 Moving Files with mv    205 Deleting Files and Directories with rm    206 Sorting the Contents of a File with sort    206 Printing the Last Lines of a File with tail    208 Using echo    209 Printing the Location of a Command with which    209 Redirecting Output and Input    209 stdin, stdout, sdterr, and Redirection    211 Comparing Files    212 Finding Differences in Files with diff    212 Finding Similarities in Files with comm    213 Limiting Resource Use and Job Control    213 Listing Processes with ps    213 Listing Jobs with jobs    214 Running One or More Tasks in the Background    215 Moving Jobs to the Background or Foreground with bg and fg    216 Printing Resource Usage with top    216 Setting Processes Priority with nice    219 Combining Commands    220 Pipes    220 Combining Commands with Boolean Operators    222 Running Separate Commands in Sequence    222 Using Environment Variables    222 Using Common Text Editors    226 Working with nano    227 Working with vi    228 Working with emacs    229 Working with sed and awk    230 Working with Compressed Files    232 Using Multiple Terminals with byobu    233 Polite System Reset Using REISUB    234 Tips and Tricks    235 Running the Previous Command    235 Running Any Previous Command    236 Running a Previous Command That Started with Specific Letters    236 Running the Same Thing You Just Ran with a Different First Word    236 Viewing Your History and More    236 Do Two or More Things    236 Shortcuts    237 Coreutils    237 References    237 12  Managing Users    239 User Accounts    239 The Super User/Root User    240 User IDs and Group IDs    242 File Permissions    242 Managing Groups    243 Group Listing    243 Group Management Tools    245 Managing Users    246 User Management Tools    246 Adding New Users    248 Monitoring User Activity on the System    252 Managing Passwords    253 System Password Policy    253 The Password File    253 Shadow Passwords    254 Managing Password Security for Users    257 Changing Passwords in a Batch    257 Granting System Administrator Privileges to Regular Users    258 Temporarily Changing User Identity with the su Command    258 Granting Root Privileges on Occasion: The sudo Command    260 Disk Quotas    263 Implementing Quotas    263 Manually Configuring Quotas    264 Related Ubuntu Commands    265 References    265 13  Automating Tasks and Shell Scripting    267 Scheduling Tasks    267 Using at and batch to Schedule Tasks for Later    267 Using cron to Run Jobs Repeatedly    270 Using rtcwake to Wake Your Computer from Sleep Automatically    272 Basic Shell Control    274 The Shell Command Line    275 Shell Pattern-Matching Support    276 Redirecting Input and Output    277 Piping Data    278 Background Processing    278 Writing and Executing a Shell Script    279 Running the New Shell Program    280 Storing Shell Scripts for System-Wide Access    281 Interpreting Shell Scripts Through Specific Shells    282 Using Variables in Shell Scripts    283 Assigning a Value to a Variable    284 Accessing Variable Values    284 Positional Parameters    284 A Simple Example of a Positional Parameter    285 Using Positional Parameters to Access and Retrieve Variables from the Command Line    286 Using a Simple Script to Automate Tasks    286 Built-In Variables    288 Special Characters    289 Using Double Quotes to Resolve Variables in Strings with Embedded Spaces    290 Using Single Quotes to Maintain Unexpanded Variables    290 Using the Backslash as an Escape Character    291 Using the Backtick to Replace a String with Output    292 Comparison of Expressions in pdksh and bash    292 Comparing Expressions with tcsh    297 The for Statement    301 The while Statement    303 The until Statement    304 The repeat Statement (tcsh)    305 The select Statement (pdksh)    305 The shift Statement    306 The if Statement    306 The case Statement    308 The break and exit Statements    310 Using Functions in Shell Scripts    310 References    311 14  The Boot Process    313 Running Services at Boot    313 Beginning the Boot Loading Process    314 Loading the Linux Kernel    315 System Services and Runlevels    316 Runlevel Definitions    316 Booting into the Default Runlevel    317 Understanding init Scripts and the Final Stage of Initialization    317 Controlling Services at Boot with Administrative Tools    318 Changing Runlevels    318 Troubleshooting Runlevel Problems    319 Starting and Stopping Services Manually    320 Using Upstart    321 systemd    322 Boot Repair    322 References    322 15  System-Monitoring Tools    323 Console-Based Monitoring    323 Using the kill Command to Control Processes    325 Using Priority Scheduling and Control    326 Displaying Free and Used Memory with free    327 Disk Space    328 Disk Quotas    329 Checking Log Files    329 Rotating Log Files    331 Graphical Process and System Management Tools    336 System Monitor    336 Conky    338 Other    342 KDE Process- and System-Monitoring Tools    343 Enterprise Server Monitoring    343 Landscape    343 Other    343 References    344 16  Backing Up    345 Choosing a Backup Strategy    345 Why Data Loss Occurs    346 Assessing Your Backup Needs and Resources    347 Evaluating Backup Strategies    349 Making the Choice    352 Choosing Backup Hardware and Media    352 Removable Storage Media    352 CD-RW and DVD+RW/-RW Drives    353 Network Storage    353 Tape Drive Backup    353 Cloud Storage    354 Using Backup Software    354 tar: The Most Basic Backup Tool    355 The GNOME File Roller    357 The KDE ark Archiving Tool    358 Déjà Dup    358 Back In Time    360 Unison    362 Using the Amanda Backup Application    362 Alternative Backup Software    363 Copying Files    364 Copying Files Using tar    364 Compressing, Encrypting, and Sending tar Streams    365 Copying Files Using cp    365 Copying Files Using mc    366 Using rsync    366 Version Control for Configuration Files    368 System Rescue    370 The Ubuntu Rescue Disc    371 Restoring the GRUB2 Boot Loader    371 Saving Files from a Nonbooting Hard Drive    372 References    372 17  Networking    373 Laying the Foundation: The localhost Interface    374 Checking for the Availability of the Loopback Interface    374 Configuring the Loopback Interface Manually    374 Checking Connections with ping, traceroute, and mtr    376 Networking with TCP/IP    378 TCP/IP Addressing    379 Using IP Masquerading in Ubuntu    381 Ports    382 IPv6 Basics    382 Network Organization    385 Subnetting    385 Subnet Masks    386 Broadcast, Unicast, and Multicast Addressing    386 Hardware Devices for Networking    387 Network Interface Cards    387 Network Cable    389 Hubs and Switches    390 Routers and Bridges    391 Initializing New Network Hardware    391 Using Network Configuration Tools    393 Command-Line Network Interface Configuration    394 Network Configuration Files    399 Using Graphical Configuration Tools    401 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol    403 How DHCP Works    403 Activating DHCP at Installation and Boot Time    404 DHCP Software Installation and Configuration    405 Using DHCP to Configure Network Hosts    407 Other Uses for DHCP    409 Wireless Networking    409 Support for Wireless Networking in Ubuntu    409 Advantages of Wireless Networking    411 Choosing from Among Available Wireless Protocols    411 Beyond the Network and onto the Internet    412 Common Configuration Information    412 Configuring Digital Subscriber Line Access    414 Understanding PPP over Ethernet    414 Configuring a PPPoE Connection Manually    415 Configuring Dial-Up Internet Access    416 Troubleshooting Connection Problems    417 References    418 18  Remote Access with SSH, Telnet, and VNC    419 Setting Up a Telnet Server    419 Telnet Versus SSH    421 Setting Up an SSH Server    421 SSH Tools    421 Using scp to Copy Individual Files Between Machines    422 Using sftp to Copy Many Files Between Machines    423 Using ssh-keygen to Enable Key-Based Logins    423 Virtual Network Computing    425 References    427 19  Securing Your Machines    429 Understanding Computer Attacks    429 Assessing Your Vulnerability    431 Protecting Your Machine    432 Securing a Wireless Network    433 Passwords and Physical Security    433 Configuring and Using Tripwire    434 Devices    435 Viruses    435 Configuring Your Firewall    436 AppArmor    440 Forming a Disaster Recovery Plan    442 References    443 20  Performance Tuning    445 Hard Disk    445 Using the BIOS and Kernel to Tune the Disk Drives    446 The hdparm Command    447 File System Tuning    448 The tune2fs Command    448 The e2fsck Command    449 The badblocks Command    449 Disabling File Access Time    449 Kernel    450 Apache    451 MySQL    452 Measuring Key Buffer Usage    452 Using the Query Cache    454 Miscellaneous Tweaks    455 Query Optimization    456 References    456 21  Kernel and Module Management    457 The Linux Kernel    458 The Linux Source Tree    459 Types of Kernels    461 Managing Modules    462 When to Recompile    464 Kernel Versions    465 Obtaining the Kernel Sources    466 Patching the Kernel    467 Compiling the Kernel    468 Using xconfig to Configure the Kernel    471 Creating an Initial RAM Disk Image    474 When Something Goes Wrong    475 Errors During Compile    475 Runtime Errors, Boot Loader Problems, and Kernel Oops    476 References    476 Part IV  Ubuntu as a Server 22  Sharing Files and Printers    479 Using the Network File System    480 Installing and Starting or Stopping NFS    480 NFS Server Configuration    480 NFS Client Configuration    482 Putting Samba to Work    482 Manually Configuring Samba with /etc/samba/smb.conf    484 Testing Samba with the testparm Command    487 Starting, Stopping, and Restarting the smbd Daemon    488 Mounting Samba Shares    489 Network and Remote Printing with Ubuntu    489 Creating Network Printers    490 Using the Common UNIX Printing System GUI    491 Avoiding Printer Support Problems    493 References    494 23  Apache Web Server Management    495 About the Apache Web Server    495 Installing the Apache Server    496 Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories    496 Building the Source Yourself    498 Starting and Stopping Apache    500 Starting the Apache Server Manually    500 Using /etc/init.d/apache2    502 Runtime Server Configuration Settings    503 Runtime Configuration Directives    503 Editing apache2.conf    504 Apache Multiprocessing Modules    507 Using .htaccess Configuration Files    507 File System Authentication and Access Control    509 Restricting Access with allow and deny    510 Authentication    511 Final Words on Access Control    513 Apache Modules    514 mod_access    514 mod_alias    514 mod_asis    515 mod_auth    515 mod_auth_anon    515 mod_auth_dbm    516 mod_auth_digest    516 mod_autoindex    516 mod_cgi    516 mod_dir and mod_env    516 mod_expires    516 mod_headers    516 mod_include    517 mod_info and mod_log_config    517 mod_mime and mod_mime_magic    517 mod_negotiation    517 mod_proxy    517 mod_rewrite    518 mod_setenvif    518 mod_speling    518 mod_status    518 mod_ssl    518 mod_unique_id    518 mod_userdir    519 mod_usertrack    519 mod_vhost_alias    519 Virtual Hosting    519 Address-Based Virtual Hosts    519 Name-Based Virtual Hosts    520 Logging    521 HTTPS    523 References    525 24  Nginx Web Server Management    527 About the Nginx Web Server    527 Installing the Nginx Server    529 Installing from the Ubuntu Repositories    529 Building the Source Yourself    530 Configuring the Nginx Server    530 Virtual Hosting    533 Setting Up PHP    534 Adding and Configuring Modules    536 HTTPS    536 References    538 25  Other HTTP Servers    539 lighttpd    539 Yaws    540 Cherokee    541 Jetty    541 thttpd    542 Apache Tomcat    542 References    542 26  Remote File Serving with FTP    543 Choosing an FTP Server    543 Choosing an Authenticated or Anonymous Server    544 Ubuntu FTP Server Packages    544 Other FTP Servers    544 Installing FTP Software    545 The FTP User    546 Configuring the Very Secure FTP Server    548 Controlling Anonymous Access    549 Other vsftpd Server Configuration Files    550 Using the ftphosts File to Allow or Deny FTP Server Connection    551 References    552 27  Handling Email    553 How Email Is Sent and Received    553 The Mail Transport Agent    554 Choosing an MTA    556 The Mail Delivery Agent    556 The Mail User Agent    557 Basic Postfix Configuration and Operation    558 Configuring Masquerading    560 Using Smart Hosts    561 Setting Message Delivery Intervals    561 Mail Relaying    562 Forwarding Email with Aliases    562 Using Fetchmail to Retrieve Mail    563 Installing Fetchmail    563 Configuring Fetchmail    563 Choosing a Mail Delivery Agent    567 Procmail    567 Spamassassin    567 Squirrelmail    568 Virus Scanners    568 Autoresponders    568 Alternatives to Microsoft Exchange Server    568 Microsoft Exchange Server/Outlook Client    569 CommuniGate Pro    569 Oracle Beehive    570 Bynari    570 Open-Xchange    570 phpgroupware    570 PHProjekt    570 Horde    570 References    571 28  Proxying, Reverse Proxying, and Virtual Private Networks (VPN)    573 What Is a Proxy Server?    573 Installing Squid    574 Configuring Clients    574 Access Control Lists    575 Specifying Client IP Addresses    579 Sample Configurations    580 Virtual Private Networks (VPN)    582 Setting Up a VPN Client    583 Setting Up a VPN Server    585 References    587 29  Administering Relational Database Services    589 A Brief Review of Database Basics    590 How Relational Databases Work    592 Understanding SQL Basics    594 Creating Tables    594 Inserting Data into Tables    595 Retrieving Data from a Database    596 Choosing a Database: MySQL Versus PostgreSQL    598 Speed    598 Data Locking    599 ACID Compliance in Transaction Processing to Protect Data Integrity    599 SQL Subqueries    600 Procedural Languages and Triggers    600 Configuring MySQL    601 Setting a Password for the MySQL Root User    602 Creating a Database in MySQL    602 Configuring PostgreSQL    604 Initializing the Data Directory in PostgreSQL    604 Creating a Database in PostgreSQL    605 Creating Database Users in PostgreSQL    606 Deleting Database Users in PostgreSQL    606 Granting and Revoking Privileges in PostgreSQL    607 Database Clients    607 SSH Access to a Database    608 Local GUI Client Access to a Database    609 Web Access to a Database    610 The MySQL Command-Line Client    611 The PostgreSQL Command-Line Client    612 Graphical Clients    613 References    613 30  NoSQL Databases    615 Key/Value Stores    618 Berkeley DB    618 Cassandra    619 Memcached and MemcacheDB    619 Redis    620 Riak    620 Document Stores    620 CouchDB    621 MongoDB    622 BaseX    622 Wide Column Stores    623 BigTable    623 HBase    623 Graph Stores    624 Neo4j    624 OrientDB    624 HyperGraphDB    624 FlockDB    625 References    625 31  Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)    627 Configuring the Server    628 Creating Your Schema    628 Populating Your Directory    630 Configuring Clients    632 Evolution    632 Thunderbird    633 Administration    633 References    634 32  Linux Terminal Server Project (LTSP)    635 Requirements    636 Installation    639 Using LTSP    640 References    641 33  Virtualization on Ubuntu    643 KVM    645 VirtualBox    649 VMware    651 Xen    651 References    651 34  Ubuntu in the Cloud    653 Why a Cloud?    654 Software as a Service (SaaS)    655 Platform as a Service (PaaS)    655 Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)    655 Metal as a Service (MaaS)    656 Before You Do Anything    656 Ubuntu Cloud and Eucalyptus    656 Deploy/Install Basics: Public, Private, or Hybrid?    656 Ubuntu Cloud and OpenStack    657 Compute Infrastructure (Nova)    658 Storage Infrastructure (Swift)    659 Networking Service (Neutron)    659 Identity Service (Keystone)    659 Imaging Service (Glance)    659 Dashboard (Horizon)    659 Learning More    659 Juju    660 Getting Started    660 Charms    663 The Juju GUI    665 Juju Quickstart    665 Juju on Mac OS X and Windows    665 Ubuntu Metal as a Service (MaaS)    666 Landscape    666 References    666 35  Managing Sets of Servers    669 Juju    669 Puppet    670 Chef    670 CFEngine    671 Ansible    671 Landscape    671 References    671 36  Name Serving with the Domain Name System (DNS)    673 Understanding Domain Names    675 DNS Servers    675 DNS Records    676 Setting Up a DNS Server with BIND    679 References    681 Part V  Programming Linux 37  Using Programming Tools for Ubuntu    683 Programming with Linux    684 Using the C Programming Project Management Tools Provided with Ubuntu    685 Building Programs with make    685 Using Makefiles    685 Using the autoconf Utility to Configure Code    687 Debugging Tools    688 Using the GNU C Compiler    689 Graphical Development Tools    690 Using the KDevelop Client    690 The Glade Client for Developing in GNOME    691 Use an IDE or SDK    692 References    694 38  Opportunistic Development    695 Version Control Systems    696 Managing Software Projects with Subversion    696 Managing Software Projects with Bazaar    697 Managing Software Projects with Mercurial    698 Managing Software Projects with Git    699 Introduction to Opportunistic Development    700 Launchpad    701 Quickly    703 Bikeshed and Other Tools    707 References    709 39  Helping with Ubuntu Development    711 Introduction to Ubuntu Development    712 Setting Up Your Development System    713 Install Basic Packages and Configure    713 Create a Launchpad Account    714 Set Up Your Environment to Work with Launchpad    714 Fixing Bugs and Packaging    716 Finding Bugs to Fix with Harvest    719 Masters of the Universe    719 References    719 40  Helping with Ubuntu Testing and QA    721 Community Teams    721 Ubuntu Testing Team    722 QA Team    722 Bug Squad    723 Test Drive    723 References    726 41  Using Perl    727 Using Perl with Linux    727 Perl Versions    728 A Simple Perl Program    728 Perl Variables and Data Structures    730 Perl Variable Types    731 Special Variables    731 Operators    732 Comparison Operators    732 Compound Operators    733 Arithmetic Operators    733 Other Operators    734 Special String Constants    734 Conditional Statements: if/else and unless    735 if    735 unless    736 Looping    736 for    736 foreach    737 while    737 until    738 last and next    738 do ... while and do ... until    738 Regular Expressions    739 Access to the Shell    740 Modules and CPAN    741 Code Examples    741 Sending Mail    741 Purging Logs    743 Posting to Usenet    744 One-Liners    745 Command-Line Processing    746 References    746 42  Using Python    749 Python on Linux    750 The Basics of Python    751 Numbers    751 More on Strings    753 Lists    756 Dictionaries    758 Conditionals and Looping    759 Functions    761 Object Orientation    762 Class and Object Variables    763 Constructors and Destructors    764 Class Inheritance    765 The Standard Library and the Python Package Index    767 References    767 43  Using PHP    769 Introduction to PHP    770 Entering and Exiting PHP Mode    770 Variables    770 Arrays    772 Constants    774 References    774 Comments    775 Escape Sequences    775 Variable Substitution    776 Operators    777 Conditional Statements    779 Special Operators    780 Switching    781 Loops    783 Including Other Files    785 Basic Functions    786 Strings    786 Arrays    789 Files    791 Miscellaneous    793 Handling HTML Forms    797 Databases    797 References    800 44  Using Other Popular Programming Languages    801 Ada    802 Clojure    803 COBOL    803 D    804 Erlang    804 Forth    805 Go    805 Fortran    806 Groovy    806 Dart    806 Haskell    807 Java    807 JavaScript    808 Lisp    808 Lua    809 Mono    809 OCaml    810 Ruby    810 Rust    811 Scala    811 Scratch    811 Vala    811 References    812 45  Beginning Mobile Development for Android    815 Introduction to Android    816 Hardware    816 Linux Kernel    816 Libraries    816 Android Runtime    816 Application Framework    816 Applications    817 Installing the Android SDK    817 Install Java    817 Install Eclipse    817 Install the SDK    817 Install the ADT Eclipse Plug-In    818 Install Other Components    818 Install Virtual Devices    819 Create Your First Application    820 References    821 46  Developing for Ubuntu Mobile/Touch    823 Install the SDK    824 Create Your First Application    824 Learn About Ubuntu Design    825 Study the User Interface Toolkit    825 References    826 Index    829