C# 2012 for Programmers

The professional programmer’s Deitel® guide to  C# 2012 and object-oriented development for  Windows® 7 and Windows® 8   Written for programmers with a background in high-level language programming, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach to teaching programming and explores Microsoft’s C# 2012 and .NET 4.5 in depth. The book presents the concepts in the context of fully tested apps, complete with syntax shading,  code highlighting, code walkthroughs and program outputs. You’ll work through 200+ complete C# apps with 15,000+ lines of proven C# code and hundreds of savvy software-development tips.   Start with an introduction to C# using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics, including LINQ, asynchronous programming with async and await,  Windows® 8 UI and WPF graphics and multimedia, web services, Windows® Phone 8, Windows Azure™ and more. You’ll enjoy the treatment of object-oriented programming and an OOD/UML® ATM case study, including a complete C# implementation. When you’re finished, you’ll have everything you need to build industrial-strength, object-oriented C# apps.   Paul Deitel and Harvey Deitel are the founders of Deitel & Associates, Inc.,  the internationally recognized programming languages authoring and corporate-training organization. Millions of people worldwide have used Deitel books, LiveLessons video training and online resource centers to master C#, .NET, Visual Basic®, C++, Visual C++®, C, Java™, Android™ app development, iOS® app development, Internet and web programming, JavaScript®, XML, Perl®, Python and more.       Practical, example-rich coverage of: •            .NET, Types, Arrays, Exception Handling •            LINQ, Object/Collection Initializers •            Objects, Classes, Inheritance,  Polymorphism •            Industrial-Strength, C#-Based Object-Oriented Design/UML® ATM Case Study •            WinForms, WPF, Windows® 8 UI, XAML, Event Handling, Visual C# Debugging •            WPF and Windows® 8 Graphics  and Multimedia •            Windows® Phone 8, Cloud Computing with Windows Azure™, Asynchronous Programming with async and await •            Generic Collections, Methods and Classes •            XML, LINQ to XML and LINQ to Entities •            ASP.NET and ASP.NET Ajax •            Web Forms, Web Controls •            WCF REST-Based Web Services and more.     Visit www.deitel.com For information on Deitel’s Dive Into® Series  programming training courses delivered at organizations worldwide visit www.deitel.com/training or write to deitel@deitel.com Download code examples Join the Deitel social networking communities on Facebook®  at facebook.com/DeitelFan, Twitter® @deitel, Google+™ at  gplus.to/deitel and LinkedIn®  at bit.ly/DeitelLinkedIn. To receive updates for this book, subscribe to the Deitel® Buzz Online e-mail newsletter at www.deitel.com/newsletter/ subscribe.html    

Table of Contents:
Preface xxiii Before You Begin xxxi   Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Object Technology 2 1.3 C# 5 Object-Oriented Programming 5 1.4 Microsoft’s .NET 6 1.5 Microsoft’s Windows® Operating System 8 1.6 Windows Phone 8 for Smartphones 9 1.7 Windows Azure™and Cloud Computing 11 1.8 Visual Studio Express 2012 Integrated Development Environment 11 1.9 Painter Test-Drive in Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows Desktop 11 1.10 Painter Test-Drive in Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows 8 15   Chapter 2: Dive Into® Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows Desktop 20 2.1 Introduction 21 2.2 Overview of the Visual Studio Express 2012 IDE 21 2.3 Menu Bar and Toolbar 26 2.4 Navigating the Visual Studio IDE 28 2.5 Using Help 33 2.6 Using Visual App Development to Create a Simple App that Displays Text and an Image 34 2.7 Wrap-Up 44 2.8 Web Resources 45   Chapter 3: Introduction to C# Apps 46 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 ASimple C# App: Displaying a Line of Text 47 3.3 Creating a Simple App in Visual Studio 52 3.4 Modifying Your Simple C# App 58 3.5 Formatting Text with Console.Write and Console.WriteLine 60 3.6 Another C# App: Adding Integers 61 3.7 Arithmetic 65 3.8 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 67 3.9 Wrap-Up 71   Chapter 4: Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and strings 72 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Classes, Objects, Methods, Properties and Instance Variables 73 4.3 Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class 74 4.4 Declaring a Method with a Parameter 78 4.5 Instance Variables and Properties 82 4.6 UML Class Diagram with a Property 86 4.7 Software Engineering with Properties and set and get Accessors 87 4.8 Auto-Implemented Properties 88 4.9 Value Types vs. Reference Types 89 4.10 Initializing Objects with Constructors 90 4.11 Floating-Point Numbers and Type decimal 93 4.12 Wrap-Up 99   Chapter 5: Control Statements: Part 1 101 5.1 Introduction 102 5.2 Control Structures 102 5.3 if Single-Selection Statement 104 5.4 if…else Double-Selection Statement 105 5.5 while Repetition Statement 109 5.6 Counter-Controlled Repetition 110 5.7 Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 113 5.8 Nested Control Statements 118 5.9 Compound Assignment Operators 121 5.10 Increment and Decrement Operators 122 5.11 Simple Types 125 5.12 Wrap-Up 125   Chapter 6: Control Statements: Part 2 126 6.1 Introduction 127 6.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition 127 6.3 for Repetition Statement 128 6.4 Examples Using the for Statement 132 6.5 do…while Repetition Statement 136 6.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 137 6.7 break and continue Statements 145 6.8 Logical Operators 147 6.9 Wrap-Up 153   Chapter 7: Methods: A Deeper Look 154 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 Packaging Code in C# 155 7.3 static Methods, static Variables and Class Math 156 7.4 Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters 158 7.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods 162 7.6 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records 163 7.7 Argument Promotion and Casting 163 7.8 The .NET Framework Class Library 165 7.9 Case Study: Random-Number Generation 167 7.10 Case Study: A Game of Chance; Introducing Enumerations 172 7.11 Scope of Declarations 177 7.12 Method Overloading 179 7.13 Optional Parameters 182 7.14 Named Parameters 183 7.15 Recursion 184 7.16 Passing Arguments: Pass-by-Value vs. Pass-by-Reference 187 7.17 Wrap-Up 191   Chapter 8: Arrays; Introduction to Exception Handling 192 8.1 Introduction 193 8.2 Arrays 193 8.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays 195 8.4 Examples Using Arrays 196 8.5 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 206 8.6 foreach Statement 210 8.7 Passing Arrays and Array Elements to Methods 212 8.8 Passing Arrays by Value and by Reference 214 8.9 Case Study: GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades 218 8.10 Multidimensional Arrays 223 8.11 Case Study: GradeBook Using a Rectangular Array 228 8.12 Variable-Length Argument Lists 234 8.13 Using Command-Line Arguments 236 8.14 Wrap-Up 238   Chapter 9: Introduction to LINQ and the List Collection 239 9.1 Introduction 240 9.2 Querying an Array of int Values Using LINQ 241 9.3 Querying an Array of Employee Objects Using LINQ 245 9.4 Introduction to Collections 250 9.5 Querying a Generic Collection Using LINQ 253 9.6 Wrap-Up 255 9.7 Deitel LINQ Resource Center 255   Chapter 10: Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look 256 10.1 Introduction 257 10.2 Time Class Case Study 257 10.3 Controlling Access to Members 261 10.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference 262 10.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 264 10.6 Default and Parameterless Constructors 270 10.7 Composition 271 10.8 Garbage Collection and Destructors 274 10.9 static Class Members 275 10.10 readonly Instance Variables 278 10.11 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation 279 10.12 Class View and Object Browser 281 10.13 Object Initializers 283 10.14 Wrap-Up 283   Chapter 11: Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance 285 11.1 Introduction 286 11.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes 287 11.3 protected Members 289 11.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes 290 11.5 Constructors in Derived Classes 313 11.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance 314 11.7 Class object 314 11.8 Wrap-Up 315   Chapter 12: OOP: Polymorphism, Interfaces and Operator Overloading 317 12.1 Introduction 318 12.2 Polymorphism Examples 320 12.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior 321 12.4 Abstract Classes and Methods 324 12.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 326 12.6 sealed Methods and Classes 342 12.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces 342 12.8 Operator Overloading 353 12.9 Wrap-Up 356   Chapter 13: Exception Handling: A Deeper Look 358 13.1 Introduction 359 13.2 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling 360 13.3 Example: Handling DivideByZeroExceptions and FormatExceptions 363 13.4 .NET Exception Hierarchy 368 13.5 finally Block 369 13.6 The using Statement 376 13.7 Exception Properties 377 13.8 User-Defined Exception Classes 381 13.9 Wrap-Up 385   Chapter 14: Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 1 386 14.1 Introduction 387 14.2 Windows Forms 388 14.3 Event Handling 390 14.4 Control Properties and Layout 397 14.5 Labels, TextBoxes and Buttons 401 14.6 GroupBoxes and Panels 404 14.7 CheckBoxes and RadioButtons 407 14.8 PictureBoxes 415 14.9 ToolTips 417 14.10 NumericUpDown Control 419 14.11 Mouse-Event Handling 421 14.12 Keyboard-Event Handling 424 14.13 Wrap-Up 427   Chapter 15: Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 2 428 15.1 Introduction 429 15.2 Menus 429 15.3 MonthCalendar Control 438 15.4 DateTimePicker Control 439 15.5 LinkLabel Control 442 15.6 ListBox Control 446 15.7 CheckedListBox Control 450 15.8 ComboBox Control 453 15.9 TreeView Control 457 15.10 ListView Control 462 15.11 TabControl Control 468 15.12 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows 473 15.13 Visual Inheritance 480 15.14 User-Defined Controls 485 15.15 Wrap-Up 489   Chapter 16: Strings and Characters: A Deeper Look 490 16.1 Introduction 491 16.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings 492 16.3 string Constructors 493 16.4 string Indexer, Length Property and CopyTo Method 494 16.5 Comparing strings 495 16.6 Locating Characters and Substrings in strings 498 16.7 Extracting Substrings from strings 501 16.8 Concatenating strings 502 16.9 Miscellaneous string Methods 503 16.10 Class StringBuilder 504 16.11 Length and Capacity Properties, EnsureCapacity Method and Indexer of Class StringBuilder 505 16.12 Append and AppendFormat Methods of Class StringBuilder 507 16.13 Insert, Remove and Replace Methods of Class StringBuilder 509 16.14 Char Methods 512 16.15 (Online) Introduction to Regular Expressions 514 16.16 Wrap-Up 515   Chapter 17: Files and Streams 516 17.1 Introduction 517 17.2 Data Hierarchy 517 17.3 Files and Streams 519 17.4 Classes File and Directory 520 17.5 Creating a Sequential-Access Text File 529 17.6 Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File 538 17.7 Case Study: Credit Inquiry Program 542 17.8 Serialization 548 17.9 Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization 549 17.10 Reading and Deserializing Data from a Binary File 553 17.11 Wrap-Up 555   Chapter 18: Generics 557 18.1 Introduction 558 18.2 Motivation for Generic Methods 559 18.3 Generic-Method Implementation 561 18.4 Type Constraints 564 18.5 Overloading Generic Methods 566 18.6 Generic Classes 567 18.7 Wrap-Up 576   Chapter 19: Collections 577 19.1 Introduction 578 19.2 Collections Overview 578 19.3 Class Array and Enumerators 581 19.4 Nongeneric Collections 584 19.5 Generic Collections 596 19.6 Covariance and Contravariance for Generic Types 603 19.7 Wrap-Up 606   Chapter 20: Databases and LINQ 607 20.1 Introduction 608 20.2 Relational Databases 609 20.3 A Books Database 610 20.4 LINQ to Entities and the ADO.NET Entity Framework 614 20.5 Querying a Database with LINQ 615 20.6 Dynamically Binding Query Results 627 20.7 Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables with LINQ 632 20.8 Creating a Master/Detail View App 637 20.9 Address Book Case Study 641 20.10 Tools and Web Resources 647 20.11 Wrap-Up 647   Chapter 21: Web App Development with ASP.NET 649 21.1 Introduction 650 21.2 Web Basics 651 21.3 Multitier App Architecture 652 21.4 Your First Web App 654 21.5 Standard Web Controls: Designing a Form 666 21.6 Validation Controls 670 21.7 Session Tracking 677 21.8 Case Study: Database-Driven ASP.NET Guestbook 685 21.9 Case Study: ASP.NET AJAX 693 21.10 Case Study: Password-Protected Books Database App 694 21.11 Wrap-Up 694   Chapter 22: XML and LINQ to XML 695 22.1 Introduction 696 22.2 XML Basics 696 22.3 Structuring Data 699 22.4 XML Namespaces 705 22.5 Document Type Definitions (DTDs) 708 22.6 W3C XML Schema Documents 711 22.7 Extensible Stylesheet Language and XSL Transformations 719 22.8 LINQ to XML: Document Object Model (DOM) 728 22.9 LINQ to XML Class Hierarchy 731 22.10 LINQ to XML: Namespaces and Creating Documents 740 22.11 XSLT with Class XslCompiledTransform 744 22.12 Wrap-Up 746   Chapter 23: Windows 8 UI and XAML 747 23.1 Introduction 748 23.2 Welcome App: Introduction to XAML Declarative GUI Programming 749 23.3 Painter App: Layouts; Event Handling 758 23.4 CoverViewer App: Data Binding, Data Templates and Styles 771 23.5 App Lifecycle 778 23.6 Wrap-Up 779   Chapter 24: Windows 8 Graphics and Multimedia 780 24.1 Introduction 781 24.2 Basic Shapes 782 24.3 Polylines and Polygons 784 24.4 SolidColorBrushes and ImageBrushes 786 24.5 GradientBrushes 788 24.6 Transforms 794 24.7 Windows 8 Customization: A Television GUI 797 24.8 Wrap-Up 807   Chapter 25: Building a Windows Phone 8 App 808 25.1 Introduction 809 25.2 Downloading the Windows Phone 8 SDK 810 25.3 Tip Calculator App Introduction 811 25.4 Test-Driving the Tip Calculator App 812 25.5 Tip Calculator Technologies Overview 812 25.6 Building the App’s GUI 813 25.7 Adding Functionality to the App with C# 820 25.8 WMAppManifest.xml 825 25.9 Windows Phone Dev Center 825 25.10 Selling Your Apps in the Windows Phone Marketplace 827 25.11 Other Popular Mobile App Platforms 828 25.12 Developer Documentation 829 25.13 Additional Windows Phone 8 Resources 829 25.14 Wrap-Up 831   Chapter 26: Asynchronous Programming with async and await 832 26.1 Introduction 833 26.2 Basics of async and await 834 26.3 Executing an Asynchronous Task from a GUI App 835 26.4 Sequential Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks 839 26.5 Asynchronous Execution of Two Compute-Intensive Tasks 841 26.6 Invoking a Flickr Web Service Asynchronously with WebClient 846 26.7 Wrap-Up 852   Chapter 27: Web App Development with ASP.NET: A Deeper Look 854 27.1 Introduction 855 27.2 Case Study: Password-Protected Books Database App 855 27.3 ASP.NET Ajax 871 27.4 Wrap-Up 877   Chapter 28: Web Services 879 28.1 Introduction 880 28.2 WCF Services Basics 881 28.3 HTTP get and post Requests 881 28.4 Representational State Transfer (REST) 882 28.5 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) 882 28.6 Publishing and Consuming REST-Based XML Web Services 883 28.7 Publishing and Consuming REST-Based JSON Web Services 889 28.8 Equation Generator: Returning User-Defined Types 893 28.9 Wrap-Up 905   Chapter 29: Building a Windows Azure™ Cloud Computing App 906 29.1 Introduction 907 29.2 Installing the Windows Azure SDK for Visual Studio 2012 909 29.3 Windows Azure Cloud Services Accounts 909 29.4 Favorite Twitter Searches: Introduction 910 29.5 Favorite Twitter Searches: Test-Drive 911 29.6 Favorite Twitter Searches: Technologies Overview 914 29.7 Favorite Twitter Searches: Code 915 29.8 Security, Privacy and Reliability 921 29.9 Microsoft Windows Azure Resources 921 29.10 Microsoft Windows Azure Code Samples 923 29.11 Additional Web Resources 924 29.12 Wrap-Up 926   Chapter 30: GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation 927 30.1 Introduction 928 30.2 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 928 30.3 Declarative GUI Programming Using XAML 929 30.4 Creating a WPF App 931 30.5 Laying Out Controls 932 30.5.1 General Layout Principles 933 30.5.2 Layout in Action 934 30.6 Event Handling 938 30.7 Commands and Common Application Tasks 946 30.8 WPF GUI Customization 951 30.9 Using Styles to Change the Appearance of Controls 951 30.10 Customizing Windows 957 30.11 Defining a Control’s Appearance with Control Templates 960 30.12 Data-Driven GUIs with Data Binding 965 30.13 Wrap-Up 971   Chapter 31: WPF Graphics and Multimedia 972 31.1 Introduction 973 31.2 Controlling Fonts 973 31.3 Basic Shapes 975 31.4 Polygons and Polylines 977 31.5 Brushes 980 31.6 Transforms 987 31.7 WPF Customization: A Television GUI 989 31.8 Animations 999 31.9 Speech Synthesis and Speech Recognition 1001 31.10 Wrap-Up 1008   Chapter 32: ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML 1009 32.1 Introduction 1010 32.2 Examining the ATM Requirements Document 1010 32.3 Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Document 1018 32.4 Identifying Class Attributes 1025 32.5 Identifying Objects’ States and Activities 1029 32.6 Identifying Class Operations 1033 32.7 Identifying Collaboration Among Objects 1040 32.8 Wrap-Up 1047   Chapter 33: ATM Case Study, Part 2: Implementing an Object-Oriented Design 1052 33.1 Introduction 1053 33.2 Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System 1053 33.3 Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM System 1058 33.4 ATM Case Study Implementation 1065 33.5 Wrap-Up 1089   Appendix A: Operator Precedence Chart 1092   Appendix B: Simple Types 1094   Appendix C: ASCII Character Set 1096   Appendix D: Number Systems 1097 D.1 Introduction 1098 D.2 Abbreviating Binary Numbers as Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers 1101 D.3 Converting Octal and Hexadecimal Numbers to Binary Numbers 1102 D.4 Converting from Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal to Decimal 1102 D.5 Converting from Decimal to Binary, Octal or Hexadecimal 1103 D.6 Negative Binary Numbers: Two’s Complement Notation 1105   Appendix E: UML 2: Additional Diagram Types 1107 E.1 Introduction 1107 E.2 Additional Diagram Types 1107   Appendix F: Unicode® 1109 F.1 Introduction 1110 F.2 Unicode Transformation Formats 1111 F.3 Characters and Glyphs 1112 F.4 Advantages/Disadvantages of Unicode 1112 F.5 Using Unicode 1113 F.6 Character Ranges 1115   Index 1117