C# 2008 for Programmers

The professional programmer’s Deitel® guide to C# and the powerful Microsoft® .NET Framework   Written for programmers with a background in C++, Java or other high-level languages, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach to teaching programming and explores Microsoft’s C# language and .NET Framework 3.5 in depth. The book is updated for Visual Studio® 2008 and C# 3.0, and presents C# concepts in the context of fully tested programs, complete with syntax shading, code highlighting, line-by-line code descriptions, and program outputs. The book features 200+ C# applications with about 20,000 lines of proven C# code, and hundreds of tips that will help you build robust applications.   Start with a concise introduction to C# using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics, including the .NET Framework 3.5, LINQ, WPF, ASP.NET AJAX, WCF web services and Silverlight™. You’ll enjoy the Deitels’ classic treatment of object-oriented programming and the OOD/UML™ ATM case study, including a complete C# implementation. When you’re finished, you’ll have everything you need to build next-generation Windows applications, web applications and web services.   TheDeitel® Developer Series isdesigned for practicing programmers. The series presents focused treatments of emerging technologies, including .NET, Java™, web services, Internet and web development, and more.         Practical, example-rich coverage of:   .Net Framework 3.5 Types, Arrays, LINQ to Objects Exception Handling LINQ, Object/Collection Initializers OOP: Classes, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces WinForms, WPF, XAML, Event Handling WPF Graphics/Multimedia, Silverlight ™ Lists, Queues, Stacks, Trees Generic Collections, Generic Methods and Classes XML ®, LINQ to XML Database, SQL, LINQ to SQL ASP.NET 3.5, ASP.NET AJAX Web Forms, Web Controls WCF Web Services OOD/UML ™ 2 CASE STUDY And more Visit www.deitel.com to:   Download code examples Check out the growing list of programming, Web 2.0, and software-related Resource Centers To receive updates for this book, subscribe to the free Deitel® Buzz Online e-mail newsletter at www.deitel.com/newsletter/subscribe.html Read archived issues of the Deitel® Buzz Online Visit www.deitel.com/training for information on Deitel’s Dive Into ® Series corporate training courses delivered on-site worldwide     Pre-Publication Reviewer Testimonials   “The ultimate, comprehensive book that teaches you how to program using the latest Microsoft technologies. Excellent explanations, lots of examples, all the necessary theoretical background and all the latest technologies for desktop, web and databases. The best overview of Silverlight.“ –Kirill Osenkov, Microsoft   “An excellent, true objects-first book. Excellent introduction to collections. The generics material is a real asset.“ –Gavin Osborne, Saskatchewan Institutue of Applied Science & Technology   “The early Introduction to Classes and Objects is brilliant. Coverage of ASP.NET 3.5 is exceptional. Includes a great introduction to ASP.NET AJAX.“ –José Antonio González Seco, Parliament of Andalusia   “Great chapter on polymorphism.“ –Eric Lippert, Microsoft   “Illustrates the best practices of C# programming. Teaches how to ‘program in the large,’ with material on object-oriented programming and software engineering principles.“ –Mingsheng Hong, Cornell University   “Excellent introduction to the world of .NET, using the Deitels’ live-code approach and real-world examples.“ –Bonnie Berent, Microsoft C# MVP   “Excellent chapter on exceptions. Very good chapter on Winforms GUIs.“ –Marcelo Guerra Hahn, Microsoft   “Perfect for professionals. Thorough introductions to the debugger and LINQ.“ –Vinay Ahuja, Microsoft   “The TV/video viewer will enthuse readers and help them see how complex graphics effects can be created easily in WPF. A good example of data binding in WPF.“ —Ged Mead, Microsoft MVP, DevCity.Net   “An excellent introduction to XML, LINQ to XML and related technologies.“ —Helena Kotas, Microsoft   “Good overview of relational databases. It hits on the right LINQ to SQL idioms.“ —Alex Turner, Microsoft   “Great overview of producing and consuming web services with WCF.“ —Dan Crevier, Microsoft

Table of Contents:
Preface  xxiii Before You Begin  xxxix   1 Introduction  1 1.1 Introduction   2 1.2 Microsoft’s Windows® Operating System  2 1.3 C, C++ and Java  3 1.4 Visual C#  4 1.5 Key Software Trend: Object Technology  5 1.6 The Internet and the World Wide Web  5 1.7 Extensible Markup Language (XML)  7 1.8 Introduction to Microsoft .NET  7 1.9 The .NET Framework and the Common Language Runtime 8 1.10 Test-Driving a C# Advanced Painter Application 9 1.11 (Only Required Section of the Case Study) Software Engineering Case Study: Introduction to Object Technology and the UML  11 1.12 Wrap-Up 16 1.13 Web Resources 16   2 Dive Into® Visual C# 2008 Express 18 2.1 Introduction  19 2.2 Overview of the Visual Studio 2008 IDE 19 2.3 Menu Bar and Toolbar 25 2.4 Navigating the Visual Studio IDE 28 2.5 Using Help  33 2.6 Using Visual Programming to Create a Simple Program that Displays Text and an Image 35 2.7 Wrap-Up 47 2.8 Web Resources  48   3 Introduction to C# Applications 49 3.1 Introduction  50 3.2 A Simple C# Application: Displaying a Line of Text 50 3.3 Creating a Simple Application in Visual C# Express 55 3.4 Modifying Your Simple C# Application 63 3.5 Formatting Text with Console.Write and Console.WriteLine 65 3.6 Another C# Application: Adding Integers 66 3.7 Arithmetic  70 3.8 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 71 3.9 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Examining the ATM Requirements Document 76 3.10 Wrap-Up 85 3.11 Web Resources 85   4 Introduction to Classes and Objects 86 4.1 Introduction  87 4.2 Classes, Objects, Methods, Properties and Instance Variables 87 4.3 Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class 89 4.4 Declaring a Method with a Parameter 93 4.5 Instance Variables and Properties 96 4.6 UML Class Diagram with a Property 102 4.7 Software Engineering with Properties and set and get Accessors 102 4.8 Auto-Implemented Properties 104 4.9 Value Types vs. Reference Types 105 4.10 Initializing Objects with Constructors 107 4.11 Floating-Point Numbers and Type decimal  110 4.12 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying the Classes in the ATM Requirements Document 116 4.13 Wrap-Up 123   5 Control Statements: Part 1 125 5.1 Introduction  126 5.2 Control Structures 126 5.3 if Single-Selection Statement 129 5.4 if…else Double-Selection Statement 130 5.5 while Repetition Statement 134 5.6 Counter-Controlled Repetition 135 5.7 Formulating Algorithms: Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 139 5.8 Formulating Algorithms: Nested Control Statements 144 5.9 Compound Assignment Operators 147 5.10 Increment and Decrement Operators 148 5.11 Simple Types 151 5.12 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Attributes in the ATM System  151 5.13 Wrap-Up 156   6 Control Statements: Part 2 157 6.1 Introduction  158 6.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition 158 6.3 for Repetition Statement 160 6.4 Examples Using the for Statement 164 6.5 do…while Repetition Statement 168 6.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 170 6.7 break and continue Statements  178 6.8 Logical Operators 180 6.9 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Objects’ States and Activities in the ATM System  186 6.10 Wrap-Up 190   7 Methods: A Deeper Look 192 7.1 Introduction  193 7.2 Packaging Code in C# 193 7.3 static Methods, static Variables and Class Math 194 7.4 Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters 197 7.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods 201 7.6 Method-Call Stack and Activation Records 202 7.7 Argument Promotion and Casting 203 7.8 The .NET Framework Class Library 205 7.9 Case Study: Random-Number Generation 206 7.13 Recursion 223 7.14 Passing Arguments: Pass-by-Value vs. Pass-by-Reference 226 7.15 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Operations in the ATM System 229 7.16 Wrap-Up 237   8 Arrays 238 8.1 Introduction  239 8.2 Arrays 239 8.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays 241 8.4 Examples Using Arrays  242 8.5 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 251 8.6 foreach Statement 255 8.7 Passing Arrays and Array Elements to Methods 257 8.8 Passing Arrays by Value and by Reference 259 8.9 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades 263 8.10 Multidimensional Arrays 268 8.11 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Rectangular Array 273 8.12 Variable-Length Argument Lists 279 8.13 Using Command-Line Arguments 280 8.14 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Collaboration Among Objects in the ATM System  282 8.15 Wrap-Up 290   9 Introduction to LINQ and Generic Collections 292 9.1 Introduction  293 9.2 Querying an Array Using LINQ 294 9.3 Introduction to Collections 303 9.4 Querying a Generic Collection Using LINQ 306 9.5 Wrap-Up 308 9.6 Deitel LINQ Resource Center 308   10 Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look 309 10.1 Introduction 310 10.2 Time Class Case Study 311 10.3 Controlling Access to Members 315 10.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference 316 10.5 Indexers 318 10.6 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 321 10.7 Default and Parameterless Constructors 327 10.8 Composition 328 10.9 Garbage Collection and Destructors 331 10.10 static Class Members 332 10.11 readonly Instance Variables 336 10.12 Software Reusability  338 10.13 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation  339 10.14 Time Class Case Study: Creating Class Libraries 341 10.15 internal Access 345 10.16 Class View and Object Browser  347 10.17 Object Initializers  348 10.18 Time Class Case Study: Extension Methods 351 10.19 Delegates   354 10.20 Lambda Expressions   357 10.21 Anonymous Types   360 10.22 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System  362 10.23 Wrap-Up 368   11 Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance 370 11.1 Introduction 371 11.2 Base Classes and Derived Classes  372 11.3 protected Members 374 11.4 Relationship between Base Classes and Derived Classes 375 11.5 Constructors in Derived Classes 399 11.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance 405 11.7 Class object 406 11.8 Wrap-Up 407   12 Polymorphism, Interfaces and Operator Overloading 408 12.1 Introduction 409 12.2 Polymorphism Examples 411 12.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior  412 12.4 Abstract Classes and Methods  415 12.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 417 12.6 sealed Methods and Classes 432 12.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces 433 12.8 Operator Overloading 443 12.9 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM System 446 12.10 Wrap-Up 455   13 Exception Handling 456 13.1 Introduction 457 13.2 Exception-Handling Overview 458 13.3 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling 458 13.4 Example: Handling DivideByZeroExceptions and FormatExceptions 461 13.5 .NET Exception Hierarchy 466 13.6 finally Block 468 13.7 Exception Properties 476 13.8 User-Defined Exception Classes  481 13.9 Wrap-Up 484   14 Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 1 485 14.1 Introduction 486 14.2 Windows Forms 487 14.3 Event Handling 490 14.4 Control Properties and Layout  497 14.5 Labels, TextBoxes and Buttons 500 14.6 GroupBoxes and Panels 503 14.7 CheckBoxes and RadioButtons 507 14.8 PictureBoxes 515 14.9 ToolTips 518 14.10 NumericUpDown Control 520 14.11 Mouse-Event Handling  522 14.12 Keyboard-Event Handling   525 14.13 Wrap-Up 528   15 Graphical User Interfaces with Windows Forms: Part 2 530 15.1 Introduction 531 15.2 Menus 531 15.3 MonthCalendar Control 541 15.4 DateTimePicker Control 542 15.5 LinkLabel Control  545 15.6 ListBox Control 549 15.7 CheckedListBox Control 553 15.8 ComboBox Control 556 15.9 TreeView Control 560 15.10 ListView Control 565 15.11 TabControl Control 571 15.12 Multiple Document Interface (MDI) Windows  576 15.13 Visual Inheritance   584 15.14 User-Defined Controls  587 15.15 Wrap-Up 592   16 GUI with Windows Presentation Foundation 593 16.1 Introduction 594 16.2 Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) 595 16.3 XML Basics 596 16.4 Structuring Data  599 16.5 XML Namespaces 604 16.6 Declarative GUI Programming Using XAML  608 16.7 Creating a WPF Application in Visual C# Express 610 16.8 Laying Out Controls 612 16.15 Data-Driven GUIs with Data Binding   644 16.16 Wrap-Up 650 16.17 Web Resources  650   17 WPF Graphics and Multimedia 651 17.1 Introduction 652 17.2 Controlling Fonts 652 17.3 Basic Shapes  654 17.4 Polygons and Polylines 656 17.5 Brushes 659 17.6 Transforms 665 17.7 WPF Customization: A Television GUI 668 17.8 Animations 677 17.9 (Optional) 3-D Objects and Transforms 680 17.10 Wrap-Up 687   18 Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions 688 18.1 Introduction 689 18.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings 690 18.3 string Constructors 691 18.4 string Indexer, Length Property and CopyTo Method  692 18.5 Comparing strings 693 18.6 Locating Characters and Substrings in strings 697 18.7 Extracting Substrings from strings 699 18.8 Concatenating strings 700 18.9 Miscellaneous string Methods 701 18.10 Class StringBuilder   702 18.11 Length and Capacity Properties, EnsureCapacity Method and Indexer of Class StringBuilder  704 18.12 Append and AppendFormat Methods of Class StringBuilder 705 18.13 Insert, Remove and Replace Methods of Class StringBuilder  708 18.14 Char Methods 710 18.15 Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation  713 18.16 Introduction to Regular-Expression Processing  717 18.17 Wrap-Up 731   19 Files and Streams 732 19.1 Introduction 733 19.2 Data Hierarchy  733 19.3 Files and Streams 19.4 Classes File and Directory  19.5 Creating a Sequential-Access Text File 19.6 Reading Data from a Sequential-Access Text File 19.7 Case Study: Credit Inquiry Program Using LINQ 19.8 Serialization  19.9 Creating a Sequential-Access File Using Object Serialization 19.10 Reading and Deserializing Data from a Binary File 19.11 Wrap-Up   20 XML and LINQ to XML 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Document Type Definitions (DTDs) 20.3 W3C XML Schema Documents 20.4 Extensible Stylesheet Language and XSL Transformations 20.5 LINQ to XML: Document Object Model (DOM) 20.6 LINQ to XML Class Hierarchy 20.7 LINQ to XML: Namespaces and Creating Documents 20.8 XSLT with Class XslCompiledTransform  20.9 Wrap-Up 20.10 Web Resources   21 Databases and LINQ to SQL 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Relational Databases 21.3 Relational Database Overview: Books Database 21.4 SQL 21.5 LINQ to SQL 21.6 LINQ to SQL: Extracting Information from a Database 21.7 More Complex LINQ Queries and Data Binding 21.8 Retrieving Data from Multiple Tables with LINQ 21.9 Creating a Master/Detail View Application 21.10 Programming with LINQ to SQL: Address-Book Case Study 21.11 Wrap-Up 21.12 Tools and Web Resources   22 ASP.NET 3.5 and ASP.NET AJAX 861 22.1 Introduction 862 22.2 Simple HTTP Transactions  863 22.3 Multitier Application Architecture 867 22.4 Creating and Running a Simple Web-Form Example 868 22.5 Web Controls 882 22.6 Session Tracking 899 22.7 Case Study: Connecting to a Database in ASP.NET 915 22.8 Case Study: Secure Books Database Application  924 22.9 ASP.NET AJAX 952 22.10 New ASP.NET 3.5 Data Controls  960 22.11 Wrap-Up 961 22.12 Web Resources  962   23 Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) Web Services 963 23.1 Introduction 964 23.2 WCF Services Basics 965 23.3 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 965 23.4 Representational State Transfer (REST) 966 23.5 JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) 966 23.7 Publishing and Consuming REST-Based XML Web Services 976 23.8 Publishing and Consuming REST-Based JSON Web Services 980 23.9 Blackjack Web Service: Using Session Tracking in a SOAP-Based Web Service 984 23.10 Airline Reservation Web Service: Database Access and Invoking a Service from ASP.NET  997 23.11 Equation Generator: Returning User-Defined Types  1002 23.12 Wrap-Up   1014 23.13 Deitel Web Services Resource Centers  1015   24 Silverlight, Rich Internet Applications and Multimedia 1016 24.1 Introduction 1017 24.2 Platform Overview 1018 24.3 Silverlight Runtime and Tools Installation 1019 24.4 Building a Silverlight WeatherViewer Application 1019 24.5 Animations and the FlickrViewer 1031 24.6 Images and Deep Zoom 1037 24.7 Audio and Video 1050 24.8 Isolated Storage 1055 24.9 Silverlight Demos and Web Resources 1056 24.10 Wrap-Up   1057   25 Data Structures 1059 25.1 Introduction 1060 25.2 Simple-Type structs, Boxing and Unboxing 1060 25.3 Self-Referential Classes 1061 25.4 Linked Lists 1062 25.5 Stacks  1075 25.6 Queues 1079 25.7 Trees  1082 25.8 Wrap-Up 1095   26 Generics 1097   27 Collections 1118   A Operator Precedence Chart 1145 B Simple Types 1147 C Number Systems 1149 D ATM Case Study Code 1159 E UML 2: Additional Diagram Types 1185 F ASCII Character Set 1187 G Unicode® 1188 H Using the Visual C# 2008 Debugger 1196 Index  1215