Out of Many, Volume 1

Organized around the theme of American communities, Out of Many is a blend of social and political history that reveals the geographical, racial, and economic diversity of the United States, with a special focus on the country’s regions, especially the West.   Instead of looking at the country as a homogenous whole, the authors break down the country into more meaningful and manageable building blocks: the individual, the community, the state, and the region. Showing these interplays between the individuals and groups and the groups and the regions, each chapter of the text will help students understand the textured and varied history that has produced the increasing complexity of America.

Table of Contents:
Preface Part I                The Systemic Framework   1                 Two Different Worldviews   The Framework of Individual Psychology The Framework of Systemic Family Therapy             Basic Concepts of Systems Theory and Cybernetics Family Therapy or Relationship Therapy Summary   2        The Historic Perspective                     Planting the Seeds:  The 1940s                                     Cybernetics                                     Development on Interdisciplinary Approaches                                     Gregory Bateson                         Putting Down Roots:  The 1950s                                     Bateson (Continued)                                     The Double Bind Hypothesis                                     Nathan Ackerman                                     Murray Bowen                                     Carl Whitaker                                     Theodore Lidz                                     Lyman Wynne                                     Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy                                     John Elderkin Bell                                     Christian F. Midelfort                                     Overview of the 1950s                         The Plant Begins to Bud:  The 1960s                                     Paradigm Shift                                     The MRI                                     Salvador Minuchin                                     Other Developments                         Blossom Time:  The 1970s                                     Psychodynamic Approaches                                     Natural Systems Theory                                     Experiential Approaches                                     Structural Approaches                                     Communication Approaches                                     Behavioral Approaches                                     Gregory Bateson                         Connecting and Integrating:  The 1980s                                     Other Voices                                     The Limits of History                         Controversy, Conflict, and Beyond:  The 1990s                                     The Feminist Critique                                     Family Therapy and Family Medicine                                     Integration and Metaframeworks                                     Managed Care                                     The Twenty-First Century:  Continuing Concerns and                                     Emerging Trends                         Summary   3        The Paradigmatic Shift of Systems Theory   A Cybernetic Epistemology             Recursion             Feedback             Morphostasis/Morphogenesis             Rules and Boundaries             Openness/Closedness             Entropy/Negentropy             Equifinality/Equipotentiality             Communication and Information Processing             Relationship and Wholeness             Goals and Purposes Cybernetics of Cybernetics             Wholeness and Self-Reference             Openness and Closedness             Autopoiesis             Structural Determinism             Structural Coupling and Nonpurposeful Drift             Epistemology of Participation             Reality as a Multiverse Summary   4    Postmodernism and Family Therapy:  Postmodernism in Historical Perspective Constructivism and Social Constructionism Deconstruction and the Role of Language The Role of the Individual     The Debates             First-Order versus Second-Order Therapy             Postmodernism and Cybernetics Self-Referential Inconsistencies and Other Challenges The Role of the Family Summary   5       The Family:  Process, Development, and Context   Process Dimensions Developmental Frameworks Contextual Issues           Structural Variations             Cultural Variations             Other Diversity Issues             Ecological Considerations Summary          part II               The Practice of Family Therapy   6                   Psychodynamic Approaches   Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                                     Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective                          Object Relations Family Therapy Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                                     Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective    7                   Natural Systems Theory   Murray Bowen Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                                     Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective    8                   Experiential Approaches   Carl Whitaker Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                                     Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective  Walter Kempler Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                                     Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective   9                   The Structural Approach   Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                         Structure                         Subsystems                         Boundaries                         The Family Over Time                         Structural Maps of the Family             Theory of Health/Normalcy             Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                         Goals of Structural Therapy                         The Process of Change                         Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective   10              Communication Approaches   Early Researchers             Don D. Jackson             John H. Weakland             Paul Watzlawick Review of Early Research Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                                     Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective Virginia Satir             Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions                                     Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective   11              Strategic Approaches and the Milan Influence   Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs                              Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions Three Examples             Jay Haley             Cloé Madanes             Milan Systemic/Strategic Therapy Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective   12              Behavioral/Cognitive Approaches   Basic Concepts/Theoretical Constructs             Definitions             Theory of Health/Normalcy                                     Therapeutic Strategies/Interventions             Traditional Behavioral Strategies/Interventions             Cognitive-Behavioral Strategies/Interventions Four Examples             Behavioral Parent Training             Behavioral Marital Therapy             Functional Family Therapy             Conjoint Sex Therapy Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective   13              Postmodern Approaches   The Reflecting Team:  Tom Andersen Solution-Oriented Therapy:  William O’Hanlon Solution-Focused Therapy:  Steve de Shazer Externalization and Reauthoring Live and Relationships:                                                                 Michael White and David Epston Therapeutic Conversations:  Harlene Anderson and Harry Goolishian Systemic Consistency Questions and Reflections from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodern Perspective   part III             The Systemic Practitioner   14              Family Assessment   History Family Assessment and Classification — General Models Family Assessment and Classification — Scientific Models Family Assessment and Classification — Some Concerns Systemic Analysis/Multidimensional Assessment   15              Therapeutic Intervention/Perturbation   A Theory of Change             Reframing             Paradoxical Intervention             Problem Formation/Resolution             Stochastic Processes             Perturber versus Change Agent Meaningful Noise             Language and Worldviews             Stability and Change             Information and Perturbation The Theory of Change, Meaningful Noise, and the Postmodernist Perspective Ethical Issues             AAMFT Code of Ethics             Ethics and Second-Order Cybernetics   16              Training and supervision   Teaching and Learning the Systemic/Cybernetic Perspective Supervision:  Modalities, Myths, and Realities Legal and Ethical Issues in Training and Supervision Supervision from a Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodernist Perspective   17              research in family therapy   Family Therapy Research in the Logical Positivist Tradition From Efficacy Research to Progress Research A Second-Order Cybernetics/Postmodernist Consideration of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Systemic Consistency The New Physics Implications for the Social Sciences Ramifications of a Cybernetic Perspective   18              epistemological challenges:  Thinking about our thinking   Mind and Nature/Stories Conceptual Pathologies             Problems Exist “Out There”             The Map is the Territory             Defining Differences in Isolation             Independence/Autonomy and Unilateral Control             You Can Do Just One Thing             Control is Possible             We Can Just Observe The Paradox of Being a Systemic Therapist Continuing Challenges More on Teaching and Learning the Cybernetic Perspective In Conclusion   References   Name Index   Subject Index

About the Author :
John Mack Faragher John Mack Faragher is Arthur Unobskey Professor of American History and director of the Howard R. Lamar Center for the Study of Frontiers and Borders at Yale University.  Born in Arizona and raised in southern California, he received his B.A. at the University of California, Riverside, and his Ph.D. at Yale University.  He is the author of Women and Men on the Overland Trail (1979), Sugar Creek: Life on the Illinois Prairie (1986), Daniel Boone: The Life and Legend of an American Pioneer (1992), The American West:  A New Interpretive History (2000), and A Great and Noble Scheme:  The Tragic Story of the Expulsion of the French Acadians from their American Homeland (2005).   Mari Jo Buhle Mari Jo Buhle is William R. Kenan Jr. University Professor and Professor of American Civilization and History at Brown University, specializing in American women’s history. She received her B.A. from the University of Illinois, Urbana—Champaign, and her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. She is the author of Women and American Socialism, 1870—1920 (1981) and Feminism and Its Discontents: A Century of Struggle with Psychoanalysis (1998). She is also coeditor of Encyclopedia of the American Left, second edition (1998). Professor Buhle held a fellowship (1991—1996) from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.   Daniel Czitrom Daniel Czitrom is Professor of History at Mount Holyoke College. Born and raised in New York City, he received his B.A. from the State University of New York at Binghamton and his M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is the author of Media and the American Mind: From Morse to McLuhan (1982), which won the First Books Award of the American Historical Association and has been translated into Spanish and Chinese. He is co-author of Rediscovering Jacob Riis: Exposure Journalism and Photography in Turn of the Century New York (2007). He has served as a historical consultant and featured on-camera commentator for several documentary film projects, including the PBS productions New York: A Documentary Film; American Photography: A Century of Images; and The Great Transatlantic Cable. He currently serves on the Executive Board of the Organization of American Historians.   Susan H. Armitage Susan H. Armitage is Claudius O. and Mary R. Johnson Distinguished Professor of History at Washington State University. She earned her Ph.D. from the London School of Economics and Political Science. Among her many publications on western women’s history are three coedited books, The Women’s West (1987), So Much To Be Done: Women on the Mining and Ranching Frontier (1991), and Writing the Range: Race, Class, and Culture in the Women’s West (1997). She currently serves as an editor of a series of books on women and American history for the University of Illinois Press.