Principles of Language Learning and Teaching

Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, Fifth Edition, by H. Douglas Brown, is the classic second language acquisition text used by teacher education programs worldwide. Principles introduces key concepts through definitions of terms, thought-provoking questions, charts, and spiraling. New "Classroom Connections" encourage students to consider the implications of research for classroom pedagogy. An up-to-date bibliography and new glossary provide quick access to important works and key terminology in the field. The fifth edition takes a comprehensive look at foundations of language teaching through discussions of the latest research in the field, including: Vygotsky's and Bakhtin's theories Thorndike's law of effect error treatment, noticing, recasts intercultural communication language policy and politics corpus linguistics "hot topics" in SLA connectionism and emergentism flow theory, willingness to communicate strategies-based instruction contrastive rhetoric attribution theory, self-efficacy output hypothesis Also by H. Douglas Brown: Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy Language Assessment: Principles and Classroom Practices Strategies for Success: A Practical Guide to Learning English  

Table of Contents:
Preface to the Fifth Edition   Chapter 1   Language, Learning, and Teaching   Questions about Second Language Acquisition                 Learner Characteristics                 Linguistic Factors                 Learning Processes                 Age and Acquisition                 Instructional Variables                 Context                 Purpose Rejoicing in Our Defeats Language Learning and Teaching Schools of Thought in Second Language Acquisition                 Structural Linguistics and Behavioral Psychology                 Generative Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology                 Constructivism: A Multidisciplinary Approach Nineteen Centuries of Language Teaching Language Teaching in the Twentieth Century Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry Guidelines for Entry 1     PART I.   AGE FACTORS   Chapter 2   First Language Acquisition   Theories of First Language Acquisition                 Behavioral Approaches                 Challenges to Behavioral Approaches                 The Nativist Approach                 Challenges to Nativist Approach                 Functional Approaches Issues in First Language Acquisition                 Competence and Performance                 Comprehension and Production                 Nature or Nurture?                 Universals                 Systematicity and Variability                 Language and Thought                 Imitation                 Practice and Frequency                 Input                 Discourse First Language Acquisition Insights Applied to Language Teaching Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry 2     Chapter 3   Age and Acquisition   Dispelling Myths Types of Comparison and Contrast The Critical Period Hypothesis Neurobiological Considerations                 Hemispheric Lateralization                 Biological Timetables                 Right-Hemispheric Participation                 Anthropological Evidence The Significance of Accent Cognitive Considerations Affective Considerations Linguistics Considerations                 Bilingualism                 Interference Between First and Second Languages                 Order of Acquisition Issues in First Language Acquisition Revisited                 Competence and Performance                 Comprehension and Production                 Nature or Nurture?                 Universals                 Systematicity and Variability                 Language and Thought                 Imitation                 Practice and Frequency                 Input                 Discourse Some “Age-and-Acquisition-Inspired” Language Teaching Methods                 Total Physical Response                 The Natural Approach, 79 Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry 3     PART II.   PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS   Chapter 4   Human Learning   Learning and Training Pavlov’s Classical Behaviorism Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Ausubel’s Subsumption Theory                 Rote vs. Meaningful Learning                 Systematic Forgetting Rogers’s Humanistic Psychology Types of Learning Transfer, Interference, and Overgeneralization Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Language Aptitude Intelligence and Language Learning Learning Theories in Action: Two Language Teaching Methods in Contrast                 The Audiolingual Method                 Community Language Learning Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry 4     Chapter 5    Styles and Strategies   Process, Style, and Strategy Learning Styles                 Field Independence                 Left- and Right-Brain Dominance                 Ambiguity Tolerance                 Reflectivity and Impulsivity                 Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic Styles Autonomy, Awareness and Action Strategies                 Learning Strategies                 Communication Strategies                         Avoidance Strategies                         Compensatory Strategies Strategies-Based Instruction                 Identifying Learners’ Styles and Strategies                 Incorporating SBI into the Language Classroom                 Stimulating Strategic Action Beyond the Classroom Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry 5     Chapter 6    Personality Factors   The Affective Domain Affective Factors in Second Language Acquisition                 Self-Esteem                 Attribution Theory and Self-Efficacy                 Willingness to Communicate                 Inhibition                 Risk-Taking                 Anxiety                 Empathy                 Extroversion Motivation                 Theories of Motivation                 Instrumental and Integrative Orientations                 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation The Neurobiology of Affect Personality Types and Language Acquisition Measuring Affective Factors Intrinsic Motivation in the Classroom Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry     PART III.   SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS   Chapter 7    Sociocultural Factors   Culture Definitions and Theories Stereotypes or Generalizations? Attitudes Second Culture Acquisition Social Distance Teaching Intercultural Competance Language Policy and Politics                 World Englishes                 ESL and EFL                 Linguistic Imperialism and Language Rights                 Language Policy and the “English Only” Debate Language, Thought, and Culture                 Framing Our Conceptual Universe                 The Whorfian Hypothesis Culture in the Language Classroom Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry 7     Chapter 8    Communicative Competence   Defining Communicative Competence Language Functions                 Halliday’s Seven Functions of Language                 Functional Approaches to Language Teaching Discourse Analysis                 Conversation Analysis                 Corpus Linguistics                 Contrastive Rhetoric Pragmatics                 Sociopragmatics and Pragmalinguistics                 Language and Gender Discourse Styles Nonverbal Communication                 Kinesics                 Eye Contact                 Proxemics                 Artifacts                 Kinesthetics                 Olfactory Dimensions CC in the Classroom: CLT and Task-Based Teaching                 Communicative Language Teaching                 Task-Based Instruction Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry 8     PART IV.    LINGUISTIC FACTORS   Chapter 9    Cross-Linguistic Influential and Learner Language   The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis From the CAH to CLI Markedness and Universal Grammar Learner Language Error Analysis                 Mistakes and Errors                 Errors in Error Analysis                 Identifying and Describing Errors                 Sources of Error                             Interlingual Transfer                             Intralingual Transfer                             Context of Learning                             Communication Strategies Stages of Learner Language Development Variation in Learner Language Fossilization or Stabilization? Errors in the Classroom: A Brief History Form-Focused Instruction                 Categories of Error Treatment                 Effectiveness of FFI Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Journal Entry 9     Chapter 10    Toward a Theory of Second Language Acquisition   Building a Theory of SLA                 Domains and Generalizations                 Hypotheses and Claims                 Criteria for a Viable Theory Hot Topics in SLA Research                 Explicit and Implicit Learning                 Awareness                 Input and Output                 Frequency An Innatist Model: Krashen’s Input Hypothesis                 Five Hypotheses                 Evaluations of the Five Hypotheses                 The Output Hypothesis Cognitive Models                 McLaughlin’s Attention-Processing Model Implicit and Explicit Models A Social Constructivist Model: Long’s Interactive Hypothesis Out on a Limb: A Light-Hearted “Horticultural” Theory of SLA From Theory to Practice                 A Reciprocal Relationship, Not a Dichotomy                 Suggestions for Theory Building                         The Believing Game and the Doubting Game                         The Art and Science of SLA                         The Role of Intuition Topics and Questions for Study and Discussion Suggested Readings Language Learning Experience: Final Journal Entry   Bibliography Glossary Index