Java 9 for Programmers

The professional programmer’s Deitel® guide to Java® 9 and the powerful Java platform   Written for programmers with a background in another high-level language, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach to teaching programming and explores the Java® 9 language and APIs in depth. The book presents concepts in fully tested programs, complete with code walkthroughs, syntax shading, code highlighting and program outputs. It features hundreds of complete Java 9 programs with thousands of lines of proven code, and hundreds of software-development tips that will help you build robust applications.   Start with an introduction to Java using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics, including JavaFX GUI, graphics, animation and video, exception handling, lambdas, streams, functional interfaces, object serialization, concurrency, generics, generic collections, database with JDBC™ and JPA, and compelling new Java 9 features, such as the Java Platform Module System, interactive Java with JShell (for discovery, experimentation and rapid prototyping) and more. You’ll enjoy the Deitels’ classic treatment of object-oriented programming and the object-oriented design ATM case study, including a complete Java implementation. When you’re finished, you’ll have everything you need to build industrial-strength, object-oriented Java 9 applications.   New Java® 9 Features Java® 9’s Platform Module System Interactive Java via JShell—Java 9’s REPL Collection Factory Methods, Matcher Methods, Stream Methods, JavaFX Updates, Using Modules in JShell, Completable Future Updates, Security Enhancements, Private Interface Methods and many other language and API updates. Core Java Features Classes, Objects, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces Composition vs. Inheritance, “Programming to an Interface not an Implementation” Lambdas, Sequential and Parallel Streams, Functional Interfaces with Default and Static Methods, Immutability JavaFX GUI, 2D and 3D Graphics, Animation, Video, CSS, Scene Builder Files, I/O Streams, XML Serialization Concurrency for Optimal Multi-Core Performance, JavaFX Concurrency APIs Generics and Generic Collections Recursion, Database (JDBC™ and JPA) Keep in Touch Contact the authors at: deitel@deitel.com Join the Deitel social media communities LinkedIn® at bit.ly/DeitelLinkedIn Facebook® at facebook.com/DeitelFan Twitter® at twitter.com/deitel YouTube™ at youtube.com/DeitelTV Subscribe to the Deitel ® Buzz e-mail newsletter at www.deitel.com/newsletter/subscribe.html For source code and updates, visit: www.deitel.com/books/Java9FP

Table of Contents:
Foreword xxvii Preface xxix Before You Begin xlv   Chapter 1: Introduction and Test-Driving a Java Application 1 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Object Technology Concepts 3 1.3 Java 6 1.4 A Typical Java Development Environment 8 1.5 Test-Driving a Java Application 11 1.6 Software Technologies 15 1.7 Getting Your Questions Answered 18   Chapter 2: Introduction to Java Applications; Input/Output and Operators 19 2.1 Introduction 20 2.2 Your First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text 20 2.3 Modifying Your First Java Program 24 2.4 Displaying Text with printf 26 2.5 Another Application: Adding Integers 27 2.6 Arithmetic 30 2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 31 2.8 Wrap-Up 34   Chapter 3: Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and Strings 35 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods 37 3.3 Account Class: Initializing Objects with Constructors 46 3.4 Account Class with a Balance; Floating-Point Numbers 49 3.5 Primitive Types vs. Reference Types 54 3.6 Wrap-Up 55   Chapter 4: Control Statements: Part 1; Assignment, ++ and -- Operators 56 4.1 Introduction 57 4.2 Control Structures 57 4.3 if Single-Selection Statement 59 4.4 if…else Double-Selection Statement 60 4.5 while Iteration Statement 63 4.6 Counter-Controlled Iteration 65 4.7 Sentinel-Controlled Iteration 68 4.8 Nesting Different Control Statements 72 4.9 Compound Assignment Operators 74 4.10 Increment and Decrement Operators 75 4.11 Primitive Types 78 4.12 Wrap-Up 78   Chapter 5: Control Statements: Part 2; Logical Operators 79 5.1 Introduction 80 5.2 Essentials of Counter-Controlled Iteration 80 5.3 for Iteration Statement 81 5.4 Examples Using the for Statement 85 5.5 do…while Iteration Statement 90 5.6 switch Multiple-Selection Statement 90 5.7 Class AutoPolicy: Strings in switch Statements 97 5.8 break and continue Statements 100 5.9 Logical Operators 102 5.10 Wrap-Up 108   Chapter 6: Methods: A Deeper Look 109 6.1 Introduction 110 6.2 Program Units in Java 110 6.3 static Methods, static Fields and Class Math 111 6.4 Methods with Multiple Parameters 113 6.5 Notes on Declaring and Using Methods 116 6.6 Argument Promotion and Casting 117 6.7 Java API Packages 119 6.8 Case Study: Secure Random-Number Generation 120 6.9 Case Study: A Game of Chance; Introducing enum Types 125 6.10 Scope of Declarations 129 6.11 Method Overloading 132 6.12 Wrap-Up 134   Chapter 7: Arrays and ArrayLists 135 7.1 Introduction 136 7.2 Arrays 137 7.3 Declaring and Creating Arrays 138 7.4 Examples Using Arrays 139 7.5 Exception Handling: Processing the Incorrect Response 148 7.6 Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 149 7.7 Enhanced for Statement 153 7.8 Passing Arrays to Methods 155 7.9 Pass-By-Value vs. Pass-By-Reference 157 7.10 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades 158 7.11 Multidimensional Arrays 163 7.12 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array 167 7.13 Variable-Length Argument Lists 173 7.14 Using Command-Line Arguments 174 7.15 Class Arrays 176 7.16 Introduction to Collections and Class ArrayList 179 7.17 Wrap-Up 182   Chapter 8: Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look 184 8.1 Introduction 185 8.2 Time Class Case Study 185 8.3 Controlling Access to Members 190 8.4 Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference 191 8.5 Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 193 8.6 Default and No-Argument Constructors 198 8.7 Notes on Set and Get Methods 199 8.8 Composition 200 8.9 enum Types 203 8.10 Garbage Collection 206 8.11 static Class Members 206 8.12 static Import 210 8.13 final Instance Variables 211 8.14 Package Access 212 8.15 Using BigDecimal for Precise Monetary Calculations 213 8.16 JavaMoney API 216 8.17 Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages 216 8.18 Wrap-Up 220   Chapter 9: Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance 221 9.1 Introduction 222 9.2 Superclasses and Subclasses 223 9.3 protected Members 225 9.4 Relationship Between Superclasses and Subclasses 226 9.5 Constructors in Subclasses 246 9.6 Class Object 247 9.7 Designing with Composition vs. Inheritance 248 9.8 Wrap-Up 249   Chapter 10: Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism and Interfaces 251 10.1 Introduction 252 10.2 Polymorphism Examples 254 10.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior 255 10.4 Abstract Classes and Methods 257 10.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 260 10.6 Allowed Assignments Between Superclass and Subclass Variables 274 10.7 final Methods and Classes 274 10.8 A Deeper Explanation of Issues with Calling Methods from Constructors 275 10.9 Creating and Using Interfaces 276 10.10 Java SE 8 Interface Enhancements 285 10.11 Java SE 9 private Interface Methods 287 10.12 private Constructors 287 10.13 Program to an Interface, Not an Implementation 288 10.14 Wrap-Up 290   Chapter 11: Exception Handling: A Deeper Look 291 11.1 Introduction 292 11.2 Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling 293 11.3 Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions 295 11.4 When to Use Exception Handling 300 11.5 Java Exception Hierarchy 301 11.6 finally Block 304 11.7 Stack Unwinding and Obtaining Information from an Exception 309 11.8 Chained Exceptions 311 11.9 Declaring New Exception Types 313 11.10 Preconditions and Postconditions 314 11.11 Assertions 315 11.12 try-with-Resources: Automatic Resource Deallocation 317 11.13 Wrap-Up 318   Chapter 12: JavaFX Graphical User Interfaces: Part 1 319 12.1 Introduction 320 12.2 JavaFX Scene Builder 321 12.3 JavaFX App Window Structure 322 12.4 Welcome App—Displaying Text and an Image 323 12.5 Tip Calculator App—Introduction to Event Handling 328 12.6 Features Covered in the Other JavaFX Chapters 346 12.7 Wrap-Up 346   Chapter 13: JavaFX GUI: Part 2 347 13.1 Introduction 348 13.2 Laying Out Nodes in a Scene Graph 348 13.3 Painter App: RadioButtons, Mouse Events and Shapes 350 13.4 Color Chooser App: Property Bindings and Property Listeners 360 13.5 Cover Viewer App: Data-Driven GUIs with JavaFX Collections 366 13.6 Cover Viewer App: Customizing ListView Cells 371 13.7 Additional JavaFX Capabilities 375 13.8 JavaFX 9: Java SE 9 JavaFX Updates 377 13.9 Wrap-Up 379   Chapter 14: Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions 380 14.1 Introduction 381 14.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings 381 14.3 Class String 382 14.4 Class StringBuilder 395 14.5 Class Character 402 14.6 Tokenizing Strings 407 14.7 Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher 408 14.8 Wrap-Up 417   Chapter 15: Files, Input/Output Streams, NIO and XML Serialization 418 15.1 Introduction 419 15.2 Files and Streams 419 15.3 Using NIO Classes and Interfaces to Get File and Directory Information 421 15.4 Sequential Text Files 425 15.5 XML Serialization 434 15.6 FileChooser and DirectoryChooser Dialogs 441 15.7 (Optional) Additional java.io Classes 447 15.8 Wrap-Up 450   Chapter 16: Generic Collections 451 16.1 Introduction 452 16.2 Collections Overview 452 16.3 Type-Wrapper Classes 454 16.4 Autoboxing and Auto-Unboxing 454 16.5 Interface Collection and Class Collections 454 16.6 Lists 455 16.7 Collections Methods 463 16.8 Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue 474 16.9 Sets 475 16.10 Maps 478 16.11 Synchronized Collections 482 16.12 Unmodifiable Collections 482 16.13 Abstract Implementations 483 16.14 Java SE 9: Convenience Factory Methods for Immutable Collections 483 16.15 Wrap-Up 487   Chapter 17: Lambdas and Streams 488 17.1 Introduction 489 17.2 Streams and Reduction 491 17.3 Mapping and Lambdas 494 17.4 Filtering 498 17.5 How Elements Move Through Stream Pipelines 500 17.6 Method References 501 17.7 IntStream Operations 504 17.8 Functional Interfaces 509 17.9 Lambdas: A Deeper Look 510 17.10 Stream Manipulations 511 17.11 Stream Manipulations 514 17.12 Stream Manipulations 517 17.13 Creating a Stream from a File 528 17.14 Streams of Random Values 531 17.15 Infinite Streams 533 17.16 Lambda Event Handlers 535 17.17 Additional Notes on Java SE 8 Interfaces 535 17.18 Wrap-Up 536   Chapter 18: Recursion 537 18.1 Introduction 538 18.2 Recursion Concepts 538 18.3 Example Using Recursion: Factorials 539 18.4 Reimplementing Class FactorialCalculator Using BigInteger 541 18.5 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series 543 18.6 Recursion and the Method-Call Stack 546 18.7 Recursion vs. Iteration 547 18.8 Towers of Hanoi 549 18.9 Fractals 551 18.10 Recursive Backtracking 561 18.11 Wrap-Up 562   Chapter 19: Generic Classes and Methods: A Deeper Look 563 19.1 Introduction 564 19.2 Motivation for Generic Methods 564 19.3 Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation 566 19.4 Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type 569 19.5 Overloading Generic Methods 572 19.6 Generic Classes 573 19.7 Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters 580 19.8 Wrap-Up 584   Chapter 20: JavaFX Graphics, Animation and Video 585 20.1 Introduction 586 20.2 Controlling Fonts with Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 587 20.3 Displaying Two-Dimensional Shapes 594 20.4 Polylines, Polygons and Paths 599 20.5 Transforms 604 20.6 Playing Video with Media, MediaPlayer and MediaViewer 606 20.7 Transition Animations 612 20.8 Timeline Animations 618 20.9 Frame-by-Frame Animation with AnimationTimer 621 20.10 Drawing on a Canvas 624 20.11 Three-Dimensional Shapes 628 20.12 Wrap-Up 632   Chapter 21: Concurrency and Multi-Core Performance 634 21.1 Introduction 635 21.2 Thread States and Life Cycle 637 21.3 Creating and Executing Threads with the Executor Framework 640 21.4 Thread Synchronization 644 21.5 Producer/Consumer Relationship without Synchronization 653 21.6 Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue 661 21.7 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship with synchronized, wait, notify and notifyAll 664 21.8 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers 670 21.9 (Advanced) Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces 678 21.10 Concurrent Collections 685 21.11 Multithreading in JavaFX 687 21.12 sort/parallelSort Timings with the Java SE 8 Date/Time API 699 21.13 Java SE 8: Sequential vs. Parallel Streams 702 21.14 (Advanced) Interfaces Callable and Future 704 21.15 (Advanced) Fork/Join Framework 709 21.16 Wrap-Up 709   Chapter 22: Accessing Databases with JDBC 711 22.1 Introduction 712 22.2 Relational Databases 713 22.3 A books Database 714 22.4 SQL 718 22.5 Setting Up a Java DB Database 727 22.6 Connecting to and Querying a Database 729 22.7 Querying the books Database 734 22.8 RowSet Interface 746 22.9 PreparedStatements 749 22.10 Stored Procedures 761 22.11 Transaction Processing 761 22.12 Wrap-Up 762   Chapter 23: Introduction to JShell: Java 9’s REPL for Interactive Java 763 23.1 Introduction 764 23.2 Installing JDK 9 766 23.3 Introduction to JShell 766 23.4 Command-Line Input in JShell 777 23.5 Declaring and Using Classes 778 23.6 Discovery with JShell Auto-Completion 782 23.7 Exploring a Class’s Members and Viewing Documentation 784 23.8 Declaring Methods 790 23.9 Exceptions 792 23.10 Importing Classes and Adding Packages to the CLASSPATH 793 23.11 Using an External Editor 795 23.12 Summary of JShell Commands 797 23.13 Keyboard Shortcuts for Snippet Editing 803 23.14 How JShell Reinterprets Java for Interactive Use 803 23.15 IDE JShell Support 804 23.16 Wrap-Up 804   Chapter 24: Java Persistence API (JPA) 820 24.1 Introduction 821 24.2 JPA Technology Overview 822 24.3 Querying a Database with JPA 823 24.4 Named Queries; Accessing Data from Multiple Tables 830 24.5 Address Book: Using JPA and Transactions to Modify a Database 835 24.6 Web Resources 843 24.7 Wrap-Up 844   Chapter 25: ATM Case Study, Part 1: Object-Oriented Design with the UML 845 25.1 Case Study Introduction 846 25.2 Examining the Requirements Document 846 25.3 Identifying the Classes in a Requirements Document 854 25.4 Identifying Class Attributes 860 25.5 Identifying Objects’ States and Activities 865 25.6 Identifying Class Operations 868 25.7 Indicating Collaboration Among Objects 875 25.8 Wrap-Up 882   Chapter 26: ATM Case Study Part 2: Implementing an Object-Oriented Design 886 26.1 Introduction 887 26.2 Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System 887 26.3 Incorporating Inheritance and Polymorphism into the ATM System 892 26.4 ATM Case Study Implementation 898 26.5 Wrap-Up 921   Chapter 27: Java Platform Module System 923 27.1 Introduction 924 27.2 Module Declarations 929 27.3 Modularized Welcome App 932 27.4 Creating and Using a Custom Module 942 27.5 Module-Dependency Graphs: A Deeper Look 948 27.6 Migrating Code to Java 9 951 27.7 Resources in Modules; Using an Automatic Module 955 27.8 Creating Custom Runtimes with jlink 959 27.9 Services and ServiceLoader 963 27.10 Wrap-Up 973   Chapter 28: Additional Java 9 Topics 975 28.1 Introduction 976 28.2 Recap: Java 9 Features Covered in Earlier Chapters 977 28.3 New Version String Format 977 28.4 Regular Expressions: New Matcher Class Methods 978 28.5 New Stream Interface Methods 980 28.6 Modules in JShell 983 28.7 JavaFX 9 Skin APIs 984 28.8 Other GUI and Graphics Enhancements 985 28.9 Security Related Java 9 Topics 986 28.10 Other Java 9 Topics 987 28.11 Items Removed from the JDK and Java 9 990 28.12 Items Proposed for Removal from Future Java Versions 991 28.13 Wrap-Up 992   Appendix A: Operator Precedence Chart 994   Appendix B: ASCII Character Set 996   Appendix C: Keywords and Reserved Words 997   Appendix D: Primitive Types 998   Appendix E: Bit Manipulation 999 E.1 Introduction 999 E.2 Bit Manipulation and the Bitwise Operators 999 E.3 BitSet Class 1009   Appendix F: Labeled break and continue Statements 1012 F.1 Introduction 1012 F.2 Labeled break Statement 1012 F.3 Labeled continue Statement 1013   Index 1015