The Life Cycle of Structures in Experimental Archaeology: An Object Biography Approach

The focus of Archaeological Open-Air Museums (AOAMs) is to present both the tangible and intangible past to the public. The tangible parts of AOAMs are the archaeological remains and the reconstructions. The intangible and, in some respects the most interesting part of an AOAM, is the story of the people the museum represents. This volume explores the research and visitor agendas of structures and their life cycles as they are experienced by experimental archaeology projects and AOAMs. The papers presented include research undertaken by both academics and craft specialists and demonstrate the value of experiential and experimental research to enhance both the visitor experience and research agendas. The papers were brought together as part of the OpenArch Project’s Dialogue with Science Work Package. OpenArch is a five year project with eleven international partners funded with support from the European Commission. Structures include houses, boats, forges, and other diverse constructions. The structures are not static entities but change through time going through a life cycle. Key themes are the birth, life and death of structures. To explore these key themes papers in this volume consider the planning phase, the assembling of materials, the construction period and then the maintenance and repair needs and the change of use of structures as they age. For some structures this also includes issues surrounding decay, dilapidation, dismantling and destruction of these experimental structures. Understanding of these biographies not only contribute to our understanding of the archaeological record they also enable a consideration of the intangible aspects of structures whilst enhancing the visitor experience.

Table of Contents:
Preface Penny Cunningham, Linda Hurcombe, and Leena Lehtinen 1 Introduction: The object biography approach to structures Linda Hurcombe& Penny Cunningham Planning Structures 2 Hands on Heritage: experimental and experiential archaeology in the Avalon Marshes, Somerset, UK. Richard Brunning 3 "U Pagghiaru": studies of traditional shepherd's huts and their relevance to a Bronze Age hut-rebuilding project in Sicily Kati Caruso and Claudia Speciale Thinking through structures 4 Plant materials, hides and skins as structural components: perishable material culture and archaeological invisibility Theresa Emmerich Kamper and Linda Hurcombe 5 Saving it for later: gathering, processing and food storage structures Penny Cunningham 6 Boats as structures Linda Hurcombe& Brian Cumby 7 Experiments on possible Stone Age glue types Werner Pfeifer Construction 8 Experiences of thatching at Kierikki Stone Age Village, Finland Inga Nieminen 9 A gateway to the Bronze Age: Experimenting with woodworking methods of the Terramara culture in Montale in Italy Wolfgang Lobisser 10 "From Earth I Rose" Experimenting stone slab furnaces of the Finnish Early Iron Age Joni-Pekka Karjalainen and Juuso Vattulainen 11 Polvus eris et in polvus reverteris: Experimental production of Iberian iron and post-processing approach to the furnace structures Jose Miguel Gallego Canamero, Manel Gomez Gutierrez and Josep Pou I Valles Structures 12 Testing the indoor environment and personal health in an inhabited reconstructed Viking Age house during winter Jannie Marie Christensen 13 Experiences concerning Stone age building constructions in Finland Eero Muurimaki Decline of structures 14 Blackhand Kiva: biography of a replica ancestral Pueblo subterranean masonry-lined structure, Montezuma County, Colorado, USA Bruce Bradley 15 The day the house sat down: the deterioration and collapse of the Ferrycarrig roundhouses Triona Sorensen

About the Author :
Linda Hurcombe is a leading figure in experimental archaeology and set up the distinctive MA in Experimental Archaeology programme at the University of Exeter where she has served as Head of the Department of Archaeology. She has broad interests in artefacts and material culture studies where she has published widely. Her research is characterised by the extensive use of experimental archaeology and ethnographies, providing a detailed practical understanding of how materials can be transformed into material culture. She is especially interested in ethnographies of craft traditions, the sensory worlds of prehistoric societies and the manner in which archaeologists and anthropologists approach artefact studies. She has also worked on gender and material culture, and explored function as a concept as well as conducting functional analysis of stone tools via wear traces. Fieldwork projects have been undertaken in Europe and Pakistan and she has worked with a variety of craftspeople. She has published books with Routledge on Perishable Material Culture in Prehistory: investigating the missing majority (2014) and Archaeological Artefacts as Material Culture (2007). Her work on two related interdisciplinary projects on Touch experiences in museums using a variety of media has led to a joint paper for the international Human Computer Interaction conference which has received acclaim as the 'best paper' for the whole conference publication of c1500 papers. She lead Exeter's participation in the EU funded Openarch project focused on archaeological open-air museums and experimental archaeology. Penny Cunningham is currently an Honorary Research Fellow within the Department of Archaeology at the University of Exeter. After completing a MA in Experimental Archaeology she went on to complete a PhD at the University of Exeter. Penny used experiments as a major methodological approach in her PhD thesis Food for thought: the exploitation of nuts in prehistoric Europe. Aspects of her PhD have been published in scholarly journals and books. She has also jointly edited a volume on experimental archaeology Experiencing Archaeology by Experiment (2008). Since completing her PhD she has worked on a number of community archaeology projects. Her passion lies with developing the role of the community in adding to the body of knowledge of the profession and in the wider field of archaeology. Driven by the desire to bring practical archaeology to a wider audience utilising the transferrable skills of public participants, she has published a number of articles on community archaeology. Her work on the EU funded OpenArch project offered a different approach to community archaeology where the public's participation is linked to Archaeological Open-Air Museums, craft specialists and experimental archaeologists to bring the past back to life.