Biomaterials Surface Science

At the interface of biology, chemistry, and materials science, this book provides an overview of this vibrant research field, treating the seemingly distinct disciplines in a unified way by adopting the common viewpoint of surface science. The editors, themselves prolific researchers, have assembled here a team of top-notch international scientists who read like a "who's who" of biomaterials science and engineering. They cover topics ranging from micro- and nanostructuring for imparting functionality in a top-down manner to the bottom-up fabrication of gradient surfaces by self-assembly, from interfaces between biomaterials and living matter to smart, stimuli-responsive surfaces, and from cell and surface mechanics to the elucidation of cell-chip interactions in biomedical devices. As a result, the book explains the complex interplay of cell behavior and the physics and materials science of artificial devices. Of equal interest to young, ambitious scientists as well as to experienced researchers.

Table of Contents:
PART I: Polymer Surfaces POLYMERS FOR SURFACE STRUCTURING Introduction Structuring and Modification of Interfaces by Self-Assembling Proteins Structuring and Modification of Solid Surfaces via Printing of Biomolecules Conclusion and Outlook SURFACE-GRAFTED POLYMER BRUSHES Introduction Synthesis of Polymer Brushes Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Brushes Polyelectrolyte Brushes Bio-Functionalized Polymer Brushes INHIBITING NONSPECIFIC PROTEIN ADSORPTION: MECHANISMS, METHODS, AND MATERIALS Introduction Fundamental Forces Leading to Nonspecific Protein Adsorption Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) Applications of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Summary STIMULI-RESPONSIVE SURFACES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Introduction Surface Modification Methodologies: How to Render Substrates with Stimuli Responsiveness Exploitable Stimuli and Model Smart Biomaterials Biomedical Applications of Smart Surfaces Conclusions SURFACE MODIFICATION OF POLYMERIC BIOMATERIALS Introduction Effect of Material Surfaces on Interactions with Biological Entities Surface Morphology of Polymeric Biomaterials Surface Modifications to Improve Biocompatibility of Biomaterials Surface Modifications to Improve Hemocompatibility of Biomaterials Surface Modifications to Improve Antibacterial Properties of Biomaterials Nanoparticles POLYMER VESICLES ON SURFACES Introduction Polymer Vesicles Applications of Polymer Membranes and Vesicles as Smart and Active Surfaces Current Limitations of Polymer Vesicles and Emerging Trends Conclusions PART II: Hydrogel Surfaces PROTEIN-ENGINEERED HYDROGELS Introduction to Protein Engineering for Materials Design History and Development of Protein-Engineered Materials Modular Design and Recombinant Synthesis Strategy Processing Protein-Engineered Materials Conclusion BIOACTIVE AND SMART HYDROGEL SURFACES Introduction Mimicking the Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels: Why Are They So Special? Elastin-Like Recombinamers as Bioinspired Proteins Perspectives BIORESPONSIVE SURFACES AND STEM CELL NICHES General Introduction Stem Cell Niches Surfaces as Stem Cell Niches Conclusions PART III: Hybrid & Inorganic Surfaces MICRO- AND NANOPATTERNING OF BIOMATERIAL SURFACES Introduction Photolithography Electron Beam Lithography Focused Ion Beam Soft Lithography Dip-Pen Nanolithography Nanoimprint Lithography Sandblasting and Acid Etching Laser-Induced Surface Patterning Colloidal Lithography Conclusions and Perspectives ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID SURFACES Introduction Calcium Carbonate Surfaces and Interfaces Calcium Phosphate Surfaces and Interfaces Silica Surfaces and Interfaces Conclusion and Outlook BIOACTIVE CERAMIC AND METALLIC SURFACES FOR BONE ENGINEERING Introduction Ceramics for Bone Replacement and Regeneration Metallic Surfaces for Bone Replacement and Regeneration Conclusions PLASMA-ASSISTED SURFACE TREATMENTS AND MODIFICATIONS FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Introduction Surface Requisites for Biomedical Applications Surface Functionalization of Inorganic Surfaces by Plasma Techniques Applications of Plasma-Modified Surfaces in Biology and Biomedicine Conclusions and Outlook BIOLOGICAL AND BIOINSPIRED MICRO- AND NANOSTRUCTURED DRY ADHESIVES Introduction: Adhesion in Biological Systems Fibrillar Contact Elements Basic Physical Forces Contributing to Adhesion Contact Mechanics Larger Animals Rely on Finer Fibers Peeling Theory Artificial Adhesive Systems Toward Smart Adhesives PART IV: Cell - Surface Interactions GENERIC METHODS OF SURFACE MODIFICATION TO CONTROL ADHESION OF CELLS AND BEYOND General Introduction Survey on Generic Methods to Modify Material Surfaces Results and Discussion Summary and Conclusions SEVERE DEFORMATIONS OF MALIGNANT BONE AND SKIN CELLS, AS WELL AS AGED CELLS, ON MICROPATTERNED SURFACES Introduction Experimental Methods The Interaction of Bone Cells with Micropillars The Deformation of Skin Cells as a Function of Their Malignancy The Deformation of Fibroblasts of Different Cellular Ages Discussion Conclusions THERMORESPONSIVE CELL CULTURE SURFACES DESIGNED FOR CELL-SHEET-BASED TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Introduction Characteristics of PIPAAm-Grafted Cell Culture Surfaces Mechanisms of Cell Detachment from the Thermoresponsive Cell Culture Dish Cell-Sheet-Based Tissue Engineering and Its Clinical Applications Next-Generation Thermoresponsive Cell Culture Dishes Conclusions CELL MECHANICS ON SURFACES Introduction What is Elasticity and Stiffness? Measuring and Quantifying Stiffness Controlling Substrate Stiffness Naturally Derived Scaffolds Synthetic Scaffolds Substrate Stiffness - Impact on Cell Behavior When Stiffness In vivo Goes Awry: the Impact of Fibrosis on Function Novel Surface Fabrication Techniques to Improve Biomimicry Conclusion ELECTRODE - NEURAL TISSUE INTERACTIONS: IMMUNE RESPONSES, CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Introduction Immune Response to Neural Implants Past and Current Neural Interfaces Methods for Improvement of the Electrode - Tissue Interface Conclusions and Future Directions INDEX