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Measurement and Prevention of Boar Taint in Entire Male Pigs

Measurement and Prevention of Boar Taint in Entire Male Pigs


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About the Book

This title discusses the boar taint in meat from entire male pigs, the use of entire male pigs for meat production and the advantages. Topics include: avoidance of castration; better feed efficiency; reduction in the amount of nitrogen lost in manure; higher meat/fat ratio in the carcase. With the exception of a few countries (U.K. Spain, and parts of Denmark), the use of entire male pigs for meat production is still not common. This is due to the fact that a proportion of entire male pig meat exhibit an unpleasant odour, the so-called "boar taint". The impact of the presence of boar taint on the eating quality of pork from entire male pigs has been reviewed by Malmfors and Lundstrom. Androstenone and skatole, which are found at high concentrations in fat, are widely held to be the main compounds responsible for boar taint, however, it is not yet clear which of the two compounds is the most important contributor. Androstenone is mainly produced in the testes and released into the blood, where it is taken up by salivary glands and adipose tissue. Storage in fat is reversible, since fat androstenone levels decline after castration and the main factors of variation for androstenone levels in fat include age, weight and genotype of the animals. Entire male pigs exhibit higher skatole levels in fat than castrated males or females which is formed from the degradation of the amino acid tryptophane in the hind gut. Any attempt to generalise entire male pig production should include a method for the on-line detection of tainted carcasses on the slaughter line. At present the only available method is the automatised colorimetric determination of skatole.

Table of Contents:
Examples of integrated national research Programs on boar taint: Canadian research programs on the production and marketing of pork from intact males: an integrated approach, Integrated national research on boar taint in Denmark: causes of boar taint in entire male pigs; Laboratory and on-line methods for the determination of boar taint: HPLC methods for determination of indole, skatole and related indoles in pig backfat, Colorimetric method for the determination of androst-16-ene steroids in carcasses; Relationships between boar taint-related compounds and organoleptically assessed boar taint: The relationship between skatole and androstenone content and sensory off-odour in entire male pigs, Sensory thresholds for skatole and indole, The relationship between skatole/androstenone and odour/flavour of meat from entire male pigs, Relationships between fat androstenone and skatole levels and the organoleptic assessment of pork and cooked ham, Aroma profiles; Endocrinology and physiology of androstenone or skatole synthesis and storage in fat: Absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and liver turnover of skatole, Distribution, metabolic fate and elimination of skatole in the pig, Regulation of the biosynthesis of the androst-16-ene steroids; Factors of variation of androstenone or skatole levels in fat: Practical experience with production and slaughter of entire male pigs, Entire male pig production in small scale slaughterhouses based on manual analysis of skatole, Genetic influence on skatole deposition in entire male pigs, The effect of slaughter weight on fat androstenone and skatole levels and on the assessment of boar taint in entire male pigs, Boar odour, limit value for androstenone and possibilities to reduce androstenone and skatole by different treatments, Do female pigs in oestrus have increased taint in backfat?; Non surgical castration to reduce boar taint: Androstenone and skatole levels in fat and in vitro testicular steroid production in LHRH-immunised pigs; Can passive immunisation with anti-GnRH monoclonal antibodies, injected a few weeks before slaughter, prevent boar taint?; Experience with an anti-GnRH vaccine in male piglets.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782738004888
  • Publisher: Cardiff Academic Press (A member of the Drake Group of Companies)
  • Publisher Imprint: Cardiff Academic Press (A member of the Drake Group of Companies)
  • Height: 230 mm
  • ISBN-10: 2738004881
  • Publisher Date: /07/1994
  • Binding: Paperback


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Measurement and Prevention of Boar Taint in Entire Male Pigs
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