On Violence in History

Is global violence on the decline? Scholars argue that Harvard psychologist Steven Pinker’s proposal that violence has declined dramatically over time is flawed. This highly-publicized argument that human violence across the world has been dramatically abating continues to influence discourse among academics and the general public alike. In this provocative volume, a cast of eminent historians interrogate Pinker’s thesis by exposing the realities of violence throughout human history. In doing so, they reveal the history of human violence to be richer, more thought-provoking, and considerably more complicated than Pinker claims. From the introduction: Not all of the scholars included in this volume agree on everything, but the overall verdict is that Pinker’s thesis, for all the stimulus it may have given to discussions around violence, is seriously, if not fatally, flawed.The problems that come up time and again are the failure to genuinely engage with historical methodologies; the unquestioning use of dubious sources; the tendency to exaggerate the violence of the past in order to contrast it with the supposed peacefulness of the modern era; the creation of a number of straw men, which Pinker then goes on to debunk; and its extraordinarily Western-centric, not to say Whiggish, view of the world. Complex historical questions, as the essays in this volume clearly demonstrate, cannot be answered with any degree of certainty, and certainly not in a simplistic way. Our goal here is not to offer a final, definitive verdict on Pinker’s work; it is, rather, to initiate an ongoing process of assessment that in the future will incorporate as much of the history profession as possible.

Table of Contents:
Preface Mark S. Micale and Philip Dwyer Introduction: History, Violence, and Steven Pinker Mark S. Micale and Philip Dwyer Chapter 1. The Past as a Foreign Country Bioarchaeological Perspectives on Pinker’s “Prehistoric Anarchy” Linda Fibiger Chapter 2. Were There Better Angels of a Classical Greek Nature? Violence in Classical Athens Matthew Trundle Chapter 3. Getting Medieval on Steven Pinker Violence and Medieval England Sara M. Butler Chapter 4. The Complexity of History Russia and Steven Pinker’s Thesis Nancy Shields Kollmann Chapter 5. Whitewashing History Pinker’s (Mis)Representation of the Enlightenment and Violence Philip Dwyer Chapter 6. Assessing Violence in the Modern World Richard Bessel Chapter 7. The “Moral Effect” of Legalized Lawlessness Violence in Britain’s Twentieth-Century Empire Caroline Elkins Chapter 8. Does Better Angels of Our Nature Hold Up as History? Randolph Roth Chapter 9. The Rise and Rise of Sexual Violence Joanna Bourke Chapter 10. The Inner Demons of The Better Angels of Our Nature Daniel Lord Smail Chapter 11. What Pinker Leaves Out Mark S. Micale

About the Author :
Philip Dwyer is Professor of History and founding Director of the Centre for the Study of Violence at the University of Newcastle, Australia. He has written on the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, memoirs, violence, and colonialism, and is the general editor (with Joy Damousi) of the four-volume Cambridge World History of Violence, forthcoming from Cambridge University Press.