Exercise and Physical Activity: From Health Benefits to Fitness Crazes

A RUSA Outstanding Reference Source 2023 This encyclopedia explores exercise and physical activity from a variety of angles, including anatomy and exercise science, health benefits and risks, the wide array of sports and recreational activities available, and the sociocultural context of physical fitness. Exercise and Physical Activity: From Health Benefits to Fitness Crazes is a one-volume encyclopedia featuring more than 200 entries that cover a multitude of exercise-related topics. Content is divided across five broad themes: anatomy, exercise science, sports and activities, health benefits and risks, and exercise and society. The anatomy theme includes entries on all the major skeletal muscle groups and associated connective tissues. Within the exercise science theme, entries focus on topics within the fields of physiology, kinesiology, and sports psychology. Profiles of more than 70 sports and recreational activities are included. Entries under the theme of health benefits and risks explore the effects of exercise on many of the body's physiological processes and related systems, as well as specific sports-related injuries. Exercise and society entries profile influential individuals and organizations, as well as fitness trends. Together, these themes support a holistic understanding of exercise, encompassing both the theoretical and the practical.

Table of Contents:
Alphabetical List of Entries Thematic List of Entries Introduction A–Z Entries Aerial Arts and Pole Dancing Aerobics Aesthetics Training Agility Alcohol and Athletic Performance American College of Sports Medicine American Council on Exercise Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 Anabolism and Catabolism Anaerobic Exercise Archery Athletics and Fitness Association of America Badminton Balance Ballet Barriers to Exercise, Economic Barriers to Exercise, Mental Barriers to Exercise, Physical Barriers to Exercise, Social and Cultural Baseball and Softball Basketball Beachbody Belly Dance Biceps Biggest Loser, The Biking Blanks, Billy Blood Pressure and Exercise Blood Sugar and Exercise Body Mass Index Bodybuilding Bodyweight Exercise Bone Density and Exercise Boxing Brachioradialis Bronchoconstriction, Exercise-Induced Bulking and Cutting Caffeine and Exercise Canoeing, Kayaking, and Paddleboarding Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise Cardiovascular Exercise Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cerebrovascular Disease and Exercise Cheerleading Cholesterol and Exercise Circuit Training Climbing, Ice Climbing, Mountain Climbing, Rock Clothing and Footwear, Athletic Concussions Connective Tissues Core Training Couch to 5K CrossFit Cross-Training Dance Dehydration Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Deltoids DHEA Diabetes and Exercise Disabilities and Exercise Disc Golf Dyspnea, Exercise-Induced Emotional Health and Exercise Endurance, Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Erector Spinae Ergogenic Aids Exercise Equipment and Gear Exercise Industry Exercise Intolerance Exercise Science Fascial Injuries Fitness and Figure Competitions Fitness Apps and Influencers Fitness Books and Magazines Fitness Testing and Assessment Fixx, Jim Flexibility Fonda, Jane Football Fracture, Bone Gastrocnemius and Soleus Gluteals Glycogen Golf Gymnastics Gyms and Recreational Centers Hamstrings Healthy People 2030 Hiking Hip Adductors Hip Flexors History of Exercise and Physical Activity in the Ancient World History of Exercise and Physical Activity in the United States Hockey, Field Hockey, Ice Horseback Riding Horton, Tony Human Growth Hormone Hydration Iliotibial Band Syndrome Inactivity, Physical and Psychological Consequences of Interval Training Isometrics Jazzercise Jenkins, Jeanette Jumping Rope Kickboxing Kinesiology Lacrosse Lactic Acid Latissimus Dorsi Lee, Jennifer Nicole Lifestyle Physical Activity Martial Arts Maximal Oxygen Uptake Meditation and Exercise Meniscal Tear Mercuriale, Girolamo Michaels, Jillian Muscle Cramps Muscle Dysmorphia Muscle Fatigue Muscle Imbalance Muscle Injuries Muscles of the Ankle and Foot Muscles of the Neck Muscles of the Wrist and Hand National Academy of Sports Medicine National Association for Sport and Physical Education National Strength and Conditioning Association Nutrition and Exercise Obliques Occupational Physical Activity Overtraining Syndrome Overuse Injuries Pectoralis Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Techniques Personal Trainer Perspiration Physical Education and School Sports, Funding for Physical Fitness Physical Rehabilitation and Therapy Pickleball Pilates Play as Exercise Plyometrics Polo Posture Power and Strength Pregnancy and Exercise President's Fitness Challenge Protein Supplementation Quadriceps Quetelet, Adolphe Rhomboids Roid Rage Rotator Cuff Rugby Running, Cross-Country Running, Long-Distance Running, Recreational Schwarzenegger, Arnold Self-Esteem and Exercise Senior Citizens and Exercise Shin Splints Side Stitch Simmons, Richard Skateboarding Skating, Figure and Speed Skating, Roller and Inline Skiing Snowboarding Soccer Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE America) Spinning Sports Influences on Body Image Sports Medicine Sports Psychology Sports, College Sports, High School Sports, Professional Sports, Recreational Sprain, Ligament Strength Training Stress and Exercise Stretching Surfing Swimming Syncope, Exercise-Induced Table Tennis Tendon Injuries Tennis Track and Field Trampoline Trapezius Triceps Ultimate Volleyball Walking Warm-Up and Cooldown Water Polo Webb, Tamilee Weight Gain and Exercise Weight Loss and Exercise Weightlifting Worksite Wellness Programs Wrestling Yoga Zumba ANATOMY Abdominals Biceps Brachioradialis Connective Tissues Deltoids Erector Spinae Gastrocnemius and Soleus Gluteals Hamstrings Hip Adductors Hip Flexors Latissimus Dorsi Muscles of the Ankle and Foot Muscles of the Neck Muscles of the Wrist and Hand Obliques Pectoralis Quadriceps Rhomboids Rotator Cuff Trapezius Triceps BASIC SCIENCE AND CONCEPTS Agility Alcohol and Athletic Performance Anabolism and Catabolism Anaerobic Exercise Balance Body Mass Index Caffeine and Exercise Cardiovascular Exercise Dehydration Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Dyspnea, Exercise-Induced Exercise Science Fitness Testing and Assessment Flexibility Glycogen Hydration Kinesiology Lactic Acid Maximal Oxygen Uptake Meditation and Exercise Muscle Fatigue Nutrition and Exercise Perspiration Physical Fitness Posture Power and Strength Pregnancy and Exercise Senior Citizens and Exercise Sports Medicine Sports Psychology Warm-Up and Cooldown PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Aerial Arts and Pole Dancing Aerobics Aesthetics Training Archery Badminton Ballet Baseball and Softball Basketball Belly Dance Biking Bodybuilding Bodyweight Exercise Boxing Canoeing, Kayaking, and Paddleboarding Cheerleading Circuit Training Climbing, Ice Climbing, Mountain Climbing, Rock Core Training Cross-Training Dance Disc Golf Football Golf Gymnastics Hiking Hockey, Field Hockey, Ice Horseback Riding Interval Training Isometrics Jazzercise Jumping Rope Kickboxing Lacrosse Lifestyle Physical Activity Martial Arts Occupational Physical Activity Pickleball Pilates Play as Exercise Plyometrics Polo Rugby Running, Cross-Country Running, Long-Distance Running, Recreational Skateboarding Skating, Figure and Speed Skating, Roller and Inline Skiing Snowboarding Soccer Spinning Sports, Recreational Strength Training Stretching Surfing Swimming Table Tennis Tennis Track and Field Trampoline Ultimate Volleyball Walking Water Polo Weightlifting Wrestling Yoga Zumba HEALTH BENEFITS AND RISKS Blood Pressure and Exercise Blood Sugar and Exercise Bone Density and Exercise Bronchoconstriction, Exercise-Induced Bulking and Cutting Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise Cerebrovascular Disease and Exercise Cholesterol and Exercise Concussions DHEA Diabetes and Exercise Disabilities and Exercise Emotional Health and Exercise Endurance, Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Muscular Ergogenic Aids Exercise Intolerance Fascial Injuries Fracture, Bone Human Growth Hormone Iliotibial Band Syndrome Inactivity, Physical and Psychological Consequences of Meniscal Tear Muscle Cramps Muscle Dysmorphia Muscle Imbalance Muscle Injuries Overtraining Syndrome Overuse Injuries Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Techniques Physical Rehabilitation and Therapy Protein Supplementation Roid Rage Self-Esteem and Exercise Shin Splints Side Stitch Sports Influences on Body Image Sprain, Ligament Stress and Exercise Syncope, Exercise-Induced Tendon Injuries Weight Gain and Exercise Weight Loss and Exercise EXERCISE AND SOCIETY American College of Sports Medicine American Council on Exercise Anabolic Steroid Control Act of 2004 Athletics and Fitness Association of America Barriers to Exercise, Economic Barriers to Exercise, Mental Barriers to Exercise, Physical Barriers to Exercise, Social and Cultural Beachbody Biggest Loser, The Blanks, Billy Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clothing and Footwear, Athletic Couch to 5K CrossFit Exercise Equipment and Gear Exercise Industry Fitness and Figure Competitions Fitness Apps and Influencers Fitness Books and Magazines Fixx, Jim Fonda, Jane Gyms and Recreational Centers Healthy People 2030 History of Exercise and Physical Activity in the Ancient World History of Exercise and Physical Activity in the United States Horton, Tony Jenkins, Jeanette Lee, Jennifer Nicole Mercuriale, Girolamo Michaels, Jillian National Academy of Sports Medicine National Association for Sport and Physical Education National Strength and Conditioning Association Personal Trainer Physical Education and School Sports, Funding for President's Fitness Challenge Quetelet, Adolphe Schwarzenegger, Arnold Simmons, Richard Society of Health and Physical Educators (SHAPE America) Sports, College Sports, High School Sports, Professional Webb, Tamilee Worksite Wellness Program Glossary Directory of Resources About the Editor and Contributors Index

About the Author :
R. K. Devlin is an independent scholar in the USA. She holds a BS in exercise physiology, an MBS in biomechanics, and an MD with specialization in infectious diseases.