The development of finely-tuned materials that adjust in a predictable manner by specific environment change is the recent arena of materials research. It is a newly emerging supra-disciplinary field with huge commercial potential. Stimuli-responsive materials answer by a considerable change in their properties to small changes in their environment. Responsive materials are becoming increasingly more prevalent as scientists learn about the chemistry and triggers that induce conformational changes in materials structures and devise ways to take advantage of and control them. Responsive Materials and Method offers state-of-the-art of the stimuli-responsive materials and their potential applications. This collection brings together novel methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of responsive materials and technology.
Table of Contents:
Preface xiii
PART 1 Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Materials 1
1 Smart Thermoresponsive Biomaterials 3
Mohammed Yaseen and Jian R. Lu
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Temperature-Responsive Polymers 5
1.3 Development of Thermoresponsive Surfaces 10
1.4 Surface Characterization 15
1.5 Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering Applications 16
1.6 Chromatography 20
1.7 Conclusion 22
References 22
2 Light-Triggered Azobenzenes: From Molecular Architecture to Functional Materials 27
Jaume Garcia-Amorós and Dolores Velasco
2.1 Why Light-Triggered Materials? 28
2.2 Azobenzene-Based Light-Activatable Materials 29
2.3 Photoswitchable Azobenzene-Based Materials 31
2.4 Photodeformable Azobenzene-Based Materials:Artificial Muscle-like Actuation 47
2.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 53
Acknowledgements 54
References 54
3 Functionalization with Interpenetrating Smart Polymer Networks by Gamma Irradiation for Loading and Delivery of Drugs 59
Franklin Muñoz-Muñoz and Emilio Bucio
Abbreviations 60
3.1 Introduction 61
3.2 General Concepts 63
3.3 Radiation Synthesis and Modification of Polymers (Approaches) 74
Acknowledgements 88
References 88
4 Biomedical Devices Based on Smart Polymers 105
Angel Contreras-García and Emilio Bucio
4.1 Introduction 106
4.2 Stimuli Responsive Polymers 107
4.3 Sensitive Hydrogels 108
4.4 Responsive Materials for Drug Delivery Systems 109
4.5 Intelligent Polymers for Tissue Engineering 112
4.6 Types of Medical Devices 113
Acknowledgements 117
References 117
5 Stimuli-Responsive Polymers as Adjuvants and Carriers for Antigen Delivery 123
Akhilesh Kumar Shakya and Kutty Selva Nandakumar
Abbreviations 124
5.1 Introduction 124
5.2 Responsive Polymers as Antigen Carriers 129
5.3 Factors Affecting Adjuvant Potential of Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Adjuvant 135
Acknowledgements 136
References 136
6 Cyclodextrins as Advanced Materials for Pharmaceutical Applications 141
Vesna D. Nikolic, Ljubisa B. Nikolic, Ivan M. Savic, and Ivana M. Savic
6.1 Inclusion Complexes 142
6.2 Preparation of Inclusion Complexes 143
6.3 Historical Development of Cyclodextrins 145
6.4 Equilibrium 149
6.5 Confirmation of Formed Inclusion Complexes 152
6.6 Application of Cyclodextrins in the Pharmacy 153
6.7 Cyclodextrins as a Drug Delivery System 154
6.8 Cyclodextrin as Solubilizers 157
6.9 Pharmaceutical Formulation Containing Cyclodextrin 158
6.10 Conclusion 160
References 161
PART 2 Smart Nano-Engineered Materials 167
7 Advances in Smart Wearable Systems 169
Rajesh Kumar Saini, Jaya Bajpai, and A. K. Bajpai
7.1 Introduction 170
7.2 Classification of Smart Polymers 172
7.3 Applications 181
7.4 Current Features of Wearable Systems 192
7.5 Conclusions 194
7.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 194
References 195
8 Functionalization of Smart Nanomaterials 201
Sharda Sundaram Sanjay and Avinash C. Pandey
8.1 Introduction 202
8.2 Functionalizing Agents 205
8.3 Carbon Nanomaterials 217
8.4 Silica Nanoparticles 224
8.5 Confirmation of Functionalization 225
Acknowledgements 229
References 229
9 Role of Smart Nanostructured Materials in Cancers 237
Rizwan Wahab, Farheen Khan, Javed Musarrat, and Abdulaziz A.Al-Khedhairy
9.1 Introduction 238
9.2 Experimental 246
9.3 Results Related to Use of Smart Nanostructured Materials to Control Cancers Cells 258
9.4 Summary and Future Direction 265
Acknowledgement 266
References 266
10 Quantum Cutter and Sensitizer-Based Advanced Materials for their Application in Displays, Fluorescent Lamps and Solar Cells 273
Raghvendra Singh Yadav, Jaromir Havlica, and Avinash Chandra Pandey
10.1 Introduction 274
10.2 Quantum Cutter and Sensitizer-Based Advanced Materials 275
10.3 Conclusion 297
Acknowledgement 297
References 298
11 Nanofibers of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 303
Subhash B. Kondawar and Shikha P. Agrawal
11.1 Conducting Polymers 304
11.2 Nanostructure Conducting Polymers 311
11.3 Electrical Conductive Properties of Nanofibers of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 337
11.4 Applications of Nanofibers of Conducting Polymers Nanocomposites 341
11.5 Concluding Remarks 347
References 348
PART 3 Smart Biosystems Engineering 357
12 Stimuli-Responsive Redox Biopolymers 359
Sudheesh K. Shukla and Ashutosh Tiwari
12.1 Introduction 359
12.2 Method of Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanism 363
12.3 Stimuli-Responsive Redox and Electrical Conductive Behavior 367
12.4 Biosensor Applications 372
12.5 Conclusion 373
References 374
13 Commodity Thermoplastics with Bespoken Properties using Metallocene Catalyst Systems 377
Nikhil Prakash
13.1 Introduction 378
13.2 Metallocene Catalyst Systems 379
13.3 Metallocene Thermoplastics 385
13.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects 393
References 393
PART 4 Theory and Modeling 397
14 Elastic Constants, Structural Parameters and Elastic Perspectives of Thorium Mono-Chalcogenides in Temperature Sensitive Region 399
Krishna Murti Raju
Nomenclature 400
14.1 Introduction 400
14.2 Formulation 404
14.3 Evaluation 410
14.4 Results and Discussions 414
14.5 Conclusions 424
Acknowledgment 424
References 424
Index 429
About the Author :
Ashutosh Tiwari is an Assistant Professor of Nanobioelectronics at the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Materials Letters, a materials chemist, and graduate of the University of Allahabad, India. He has published more than 125 articles and patents in the field of materials science and technology. Dr. Tiwari was honored with the Innovation in Materials Science Award and Medal in 2011, during the International Conference on Chemistry for Mankind: Innovative Ideas in Life Sciences. Hisatoshi Kobayashi is the group leader of Biofunctional Materials at the Biomaterials Centre, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. He has published more than 150 publications, books, and patents in the field of biomaterials science and technology as well as edited/authored three books on the advanced state-of-the-art of biomaterials.
