Responsive Materials and Methods: State-of-the-Art Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Their Applications(Advanced Material Series)

The development of finely-tuned materials that adjust in a predictable manner by specific environment change is the recent arena of materials research. It is a newly emerging supra-disciplinary field with huge commercial potential. Stimuli-responsive materials answer by a considerable change in their properties to small changes in their environment. Responsive materials are becoming increasingly more prevalent as scientists learn about the chemistry and triggers that induce conformational changes in materials structures and devise ways to take advantage of and control them. Responsive Materials and Method offers state-of-the-art of the stimuli-responsive materials and their potential applications. This collection brings together novel methodologies and strategies adopted in the research and development of responsive materials and technology.

Table of Contents:
Preface xiii PART 1 Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Materials 1 1 Smart Thermoresponsive Biomaterials 3 Mohammed Yaseen and Jian R. Lu 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Temperature-Responsive Polymers 5 1.3 Development of Thermoresponsive Surfaces 10 1.4 Surface Characterization 15 1.5 Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering Applications 16 1.6 Chromatography 20 1.7 Conclusion 22 References 22 2 Light-Triggered Azobenzenes: From Molecular Architecture to Functional Materials 27 Jaume Garcia-Amorós and Dolores Velasco 2.1 Why Light-Triggered Materials? 28 2.2 Azobenzene-Based Light-Activatable Materials 29 2.3 Photoswitchable Azobenzene-Based Materials 31 2.4 Photodeformable Azobenzene-Based Materials:Artificial Muscle-like Actuation 47 2.5 Conclusion and Perspectives 53 Acknowledgements 54 References 54 3 Functionalization with Interpenetrating Smart Polymer Networks by Gamma Irradiation for Loading and Delivery of Drugs 59 Franklin Muñoz-Muñoz and Emilio Bucio Abbreviations 60 3.1 Introduction 61 3.2 General Concepts 63 3.3 Radiation Synthesis and Modification of Polymers (Approaches) 74 Acknowledgements 88 References 88 4 Biomedical Devices Based on Smart Polymers 105 Angel Contreras-García and Emilio Bucio 4.1 Introduction 106 4.2 Stimuli Responsive Polymers 107 4.3 Sensitive Hydrogels 108 4.4 Responsive Materials for Drug Delivery Systems 109 4.5 Intelligent Polymers for Tissue Engineering 112 4.6 Types of Medical Devices 113 Acknowledgements 117 References 117 5 Stimuli-Responsive Polymers as Adjuvants and Carriers for Antigen Delivery 123 Akhilesh Kumar Shakya and Kutty Selva Nandakumar Abbreviations 124 5.1 Introduction 124 5.2 Responsive Polymers as Antigen Carriers 129 5.3 Factors Affecting Adjuvant Potential of Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Adjuvant 135 Acknowledgements 136 References 136 6 Cyclodextrins as Advanced Materials for Pharmaceutical Applications 141 Vesna D. Nikolic, Ljubisa B. Nikolic, Ivan M. Savic, and Ivana M. Savic 6.1 Inclusion Complexes 142 6.2 Preparation of Inclusion Complexes 143 6.3 Historical Development of Cyclodextrins 145 6.4 Equilibrium 149 6.5 Confirmation of Formed Inclusion Complexes 152 6.6 Application of Cyclodextrins in the Pharmacy 153 6.7 Cyclodextrins as a Drug Delivery System 154 6.8 Cyclodextrin as Solubilizers 157 6.9 Pharmaceutical Formulation Containing Cyclodextrin 158 6.10 Conclusion 160 References 161 PART 2 Smart Nano-Engineered Materials 167 7 Advances in Smart Wearable Systems 169 Rajesh Kumar Saini, Jaya Bajpai, and A. K. Bajpai 7.1 Introduction 170 7.2 Classification of Smart Polymers 172 7.3 Applications 181 7.4 Current Features of Wearable Systems 192 7.5 Conclusions 194 7.6 Challenges and Future Prospects 194 References 195 8 Functionalization of Smart Nanomaterials 201 Sharda Sundaram Sanjay and Avinash C. Pandey 8.1 Introduction 202 8.2 Functionalizing Agents 205 8.3 Carbon Nanomaterials 217 8.4 Silica Nanoparticles 224 8.5 Confirmation of Functionalization 225 Acknowledgements 229 References 229 9 Role of Smart Nanostructured Materials in Cancers 237 Rizwan Wahab, Farheen Khan, Javed Musarrat, and Abdulaziz A.Al-Khedhairy 9.1 Introduction 238 9.2 Experimental 246 9.3 Results Related to Use of Smart Nanostructured Materials to Control Cancers Cells 258 9.4 Summary and Future Direction 265 Acknowledgement 266 References 266 10 Quantum Cutter and Sensitizer-Based Advanced Materials for their Application in Displays, Fluorescent Lamps and Solar Cells 273 Raghvendra Singh Yadav, Jaromir Havlica, and Avinash Chandra Pandey 10.1 Introduction 274 10.2 Quantum Cutter and Sensitizer-Based Advanced Materials 275 10.3 Conclusion 297 Acknowledgement 297 References 298 11 Nanofibers of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 303 Subhash B. Kondawar and Shikha P. Agrawal 11.1 Conducting Polymers 304 11.2 Nanostructure Conducting Polymers 311 11.3 Electrical Conductive Properties of Nanofibers of Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites 337 11.4 Applications of Nanofibers of Conducting Polymers Nanocomposites 341 11.5 Concluding Remarks 347 References 348 PART 3 Smart Biosystems Engineering 357 12 Stimuli-Responsive Redox Biopolymers 359 Sudheesh K. Shukla and Ashutosh Tiwari 12.1 Introduction 359 12.2 Method of Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanism 363 12.3 Stimuli-Responsive Redox and Electrical Conductive Behavior 367 12.4 Biosensor Applications 372 12.5 Conclusion 373 References 374 13 Commodity Thermoplastics with Bespoken Properties using Metallocene Catalyst Systems 377 Nikhil Prakash 13.1 Introduction 378 13.2 Metallocene Catalyst Systems 379 13.3 Metallocene Thermoplastics 385 13.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects 393 References 393 PART 4 Theory and Modeling 397 14 Elastic Constants, Structural Parameters and Elastic Perspectives of Thorium Mono-Chalcogenides in Temperature Sensitive Region 399 Krishna Murti Raju Nomenclature 400 14.1 Introduction 400 14.2 Formulation 404 14.3 Evaluation 410 14.4 Results and Discussions 414 14.5 Conclusions 424 Acknowledgment 424 References 424 Index 429

About the Author :
Ashutosh Tiwari is an Assistant Professor of Nanobioelectronics at the Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre, IFM, Linköping University, Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Materials Letters, a materials chemist, and graduate of the University of Allahabad, India. He has published more than 125 articles and patents in the field of materials science and technology. Dr. Tiwari was honored with the Innovation in Materials Science Award and Medal in 2011, during the International Conference on Chemistry for Mankind: Innovative Ideas in Life Sciences. Hisatoshi Kobayashi is the group leader of Biofunctional Materials at the Biomaterials Centre, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan. He has published more than 150 publications, books, and patents in the field of biomaterials science and technology as well as edited/authored three books on the advanced state-of-the-art of biomaterials.