The Circuits and Filters Handbook: (Circuits & Filters Handbook 3e)

The Circuits and Filters Handbook is a high-quality reference book covering all aspects of electrical circuits and filters and involving nearly 100 authors. It is an objective, refereed work of approximately 100 sections, each compiled by an expert on the subject. Each article has been reviewed by another expert to assure its technical accuracy. The Circuits and Filters Handbook presents the most comprehensive coverage ever of circuits and filters from classical to state-of-the-art circuit and filter design. It provides complete coverage of analog and digital circuits and thoroughly analyzes analog and digital filters. The Handbook begins with a comprehensive discussion of basic mathematics for signal processing and circuit and filter design. It investigates the underlying theory and applications of the design of many practical electronic circuits, amplifiers, and oscillators. VLSI circuit design is described. Nonlinear circuits and phenomena are presented in a simple and easy-to-follow manner. Computer solutions and designs are integrated throughout the Handbook, and numerous illustrative examples solve practical problems. The Circuits and Filters Handbook is an invaluable reference, written for the electrical and computer engineering professional who is seeking in-depth information and professionals from other engineering disciplines who want an overview of the entire field or information on one specific aspect of it. The book clarifies and corrects misconceptions, providing a proper understanding of electrical circuit and filter principles and applications. No other handbook offers the extensive coverage found in The Circuits and Filters Handbook.

Table of Contents:
MATHEMATICS, Y.-F. Huang Linear Operators and Matrices, C.B. Schrader and M.K. Sain Vector Spaces over Fields Linear Operators and Matrix Representations Matrix Operations Determinant, Inverse, and Rank Basis Transformations Characteristics: Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, and Singular Values On Linear Systems Bilinear Operators and Matrices, M.K. Sain and C.B. Schrader Algebras Bilinear Operators Tensor Product Basis Tensors Multiple Products Determinants Skew Symmetric Products Solving Linear Equations Symmetric Products Summary The Laplace Transformation, J.R. Deller, Jr. Motivational Example Formal Developments LT Analysis of Linear Systems Conclusions and Further Reading Fourier Series, Fourier Transforms, and DFT, W.K. Jenkins Introduction Fourier Series Representation of Continuous-Time (CT) Periodic Signals The Classical Fourier Transform for CT Signals The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) The Family Tree of Fourier Transforms Selected Applications of Fourier Transforms Summary z-Transform, J. Kovacevic Definition of the z-Transform Inverse z-Transform Properties of the z-Transform Role of the z-Transform in Linear Time-Invariant Systems Variations on the z-Transform Concluding Remarks Wavelet Transform, P.P. Vaidyanathan Introduction Signal Representation Using Basis Functions The Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) Digital Filter Banks and Subband Coders Deeper Study of Wavelets, Filterbanks, and STFT The Space of L1 and L2 Signals Riesz Basis, Biorthogonality, and Other Fine Points Frames in Hilbert Spaces The STFT: Invertibility, Orthonormality, and Localization Wavelets and Multiresolution Orthonormal Wavelet Basis from Paraunitary Filter Banks Compactly Supported Orthonormal Wavelets Wavelet Regularity Concluding Remarks Graph Theory, K. Thulasiraman Basic Concepts Cuts, Circuits, and Orthogonality Incidence, Circuit, and Cut Matrices of a Graph Orthogonality Relation and Ranks of Circuit and Cut Matrices Spanning Tree Enumeration Graphs and Electrical Networks Tellegen's Theorem and Network Sensitivity Computation Arc Coloring Theorem and the No-Gain Property References Signal Flow Graphs, K. Thulasiraman Adjacency Matrix of a Directed Graph Coates' Gain Formula Mason's Gain Formula References CIRCUIT COMPONENTS AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION, J. Choma Passive Circuit Elements Resistor, S. Nowak Capacitor, S. Nowak Inductor, T. Postupolski Transformer, G.E. Carlson Semiconductor Diode, B.M. Wilamowski Controlled Circuit Elements Controlled Sources, E. Greeneich Signal Converters, J.F. Delansky Operational Amplifiers The Ideal Operational Amplifier, D.G. Nairn The Non-Ideal Operational Amplifier, D.G. Nairn Frequency and Time Domain Considerations, S.B. Franco GENERAL CIRCUIT THEORY, J. Choma Fundamental Circuit Concepts, J. Choma The Electrical Circuit Circuit Classifications Network Laws and Theorems Kirchhoff's Voltage and Current Laws, R.R. Chen and A.M. Davis Network Theorems, M.A. Simaan Analysis in the Time Domain Signal Types, R.W. Newcomb First Order Circuits, R. Newcomb Second Order Circuits, R. Newcomb Analysis in the Frequency Domain Network Functions, J. Vlach Advanced Network Analysis Concepts, J. Choma Linear Two-Port Networks, J. Choma and W.K. Chen Theory of Two-Dimensional Hurwitz Polynomials, H.C. Reddy Introduction Background Discussion and Notations Various Analog Hurwitz Polynomials Testsets for Analog Hurwitz Polynomials Very Strict Hurwitz Polynomials Application of 2-D Hurwitz Polynomials in 2-V Passive Networks and Stability Conclusions LINEAR CIRCUIT ANALYSIS, L. Huelsman Port and Terminal Representation, J. Svoboda Introduction Terminal Representations Port Representations Port Representations and Feedback Systems Conclusions Signal Flow Graphs in Filter Analysis and Synthesis, P.M. Lin Formulation of Signal Flow Graphs for Linear Networks Synthesis of Active Filters Based on Signal Flow Graph, Representation of a Passive Filter Circuit Synthesis of Active Filters Based on Signal Flow Graph, Representation of a Filter Transfer Function Tableau and Modified Nodal Formulations, J. Vlach Nodal and Mesh Formulations Graphs and Tableau Formulation Modified Nodal Formulation Nonlinear Elements Nodal Analysis of Active Networks References Frequency Domain Methods, P. Aronhime Network Functions Network Theorems Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis and Phasor Transforms Symbolic Analysis, M. Hassoun Introduction and Definition Frequency Domain Analyis Traditional Methods (Single Expressions) Hierarchical Methods (Sequence of Expressions) Time Domain Analysis References Using Nullors to Analyze Linear Networks, J. Svoboda Modeling Linear Networks Using Nullors Analysis of RC-Nullor Networks Computing the Transfer Function of a RC-Nullor Equivalent Networks Conclusions References State-Variable Techniques, K.S. Chao The Concept of States State-Variable Formulation via Network Topology Natural Response and State Transition Matrix Complete Response References FEEDBACK CIRCUITS, W.K. Chen Feedback Amplifier Theory, J. Choma Introduction Methods of Analysis Signal Flow Analysis Global Single Loop Feedback Pole Splitting Open Loop Compensation Summary References Feedback Amplifier Configurations, J. Choma Introduction Series-Shunt Feedback Amplifier Shunt-Series Feedback Amplifier Shunt-Shunt Feedback Amplifier Series-Series Feedback Amplifier Dual Loop Feedback Summary References General Feedback Theory, W.K. Chen The Indefinite-Admittance Matrix The Return Difference The Null Return Difference The Network Functions and Feedback, W.K. Chen Blackman's Formula The Sensitivity Function Measurement of Return Difference, W.K. Chen Blecher's Procedure Impedance Measurements Multiple-Loop Feedback Amplifiers, W.K. Chen The Multiple-Loop Feedback Amplifier Theory The Return Difference Matrix The Null Return Difference Matrix The Transfer-Function Matrix and Feedback The Sensitivity Matrix Multiparameter Sensitivity NONLINEAR CIRCUITS, L.O. Chua Circuit Elements, Modeling, and Equation Formulation, J. Nossek Lumped Circuit Approximation Circuit Elements and Connecting Multiport Characterization of Circuit Elements Connecting Multiport Tableau Formulation References Qualitative Analysis, M. Hasler Resistive Circuits Autonomous Dynamic Circuits Nonautonomous Dynamic Circuits References Synthesis and Design of Nonlinear Circuits, A. Rodriguez-Vazquez, M. Delgado-Restituto, and J.L. Huertes Introduction Approximation Issues Aggregation, Scaling, and Transformation Circuits Piecewise-Linear Circuitry Polynomials, Rational, and Piecewise-Polynomial Functions Sigmoids, Bells, and Collective Computation Circuits Extension to Dynamic Systems Representation, Approximation, and Identification, G. Chen Introduction Representation Approximation Identification References NONLINEAR CIRCUITS II, L.O. Chua Transformation and Equivalence, W. Mathis General Equivalence Theorems for Nonlinear Circuits Normal Forms Dimensionless Forms Equivalence between Nonlinear Resistive Circuits Equivalence of Lumped n-Port Networks Equivalence between Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits References Piecewise-Linear Analysis, J. Vandewalle and L. Vandenberghe Introduction and Motivation Hierarchy of Piecewise Linear Models and Their Representations Piecewise-Linear Models for Electronic Components Structural Properties of Piecewise-Linear Resistive Circuits Analysis of Piecewise Linear Resistive Circuits Piecewise-Linear Dynamic Circuits Efficient Computer-Aided Analysis of PWL Circuits References Simulation, E. Lindberg Numerical Solution of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations Integration of Nonlinear Differential Equations Use of Simulation Programs References Cellular Neural Networks, T. Roska Introduction: Definition and Classification The Simple CNN Circuits Structure The Stored Program CNN Universal Machine and the Analogic CNN Supercomputer Chip Applications Template Library, Analogical CNN Algorithms References Bifurcation and Chaos, M.P. Kennedy Introduction to Chaos Chua's Circuit: A Paradigm for Chaos Chua's Oscillator Van der Pol Neon Bulb Oscillator Synchronization of Chaotic Circuits Applications of Chaos References DISTRIBUTED CIRCUITS, T.K. Ishii Transmission Lines, T.K. Ishii Generic Relations Two-Wire Lines Co-axial Lines Waveguides Microstrip Lines Co-Planer Waveguide (CPW) References Multiconductor Transmission Lines, D. De Zutter and L. Martens Introduction: Frequency- versus Time-Domain Analysis Telegraphers Equations for Uniform Multiconductory Transmission Lines References Time- and Frequency-Domain Responses, D. De Zutter and L. Martens Time Domain Reflectometry Frequency Domain Network Analysis References Distributed RC Networks, V. Székely Uniform, Distributed RC Lines Non-Uniform Distributed RC Lines Infinite-Length RC Lines The Inverse Problem for DRC Circuits Synthesis of Distributed Circuits, T.K. Ishii Generic Relations Synthesis of a Capacitance Synthesis of an Inductance Synthesis of a Resistance Synthesis of Transformers Synthesis Examples Synthesis of Couplers References STABILITY ANALYSIS, R.W. Liu Stability Tests for Polynomials, P. Bauer Introduction Root Clustering and the Principle of Argument The Interlacing Property Degree Reduction and the Routh Array The Hurwitz Criterion Other Related Stability Criteria The Discrete Time Case Some Simple Stability Checks and Rules Root Locus, P. Bauer Introduction Rules for the Construction of Root Loci Stability of Polynomials with One Free Parameter The Nyquist Criterion, C. Rohrs Development of the Nyquist Theorem Examples of the Nyquist Theorem Closed-Loop Response and Nyquist Diagrams Robustness-Stability and Performance under Modeling Uncertainty, C. Rohrs Modeling Uncertainty Robust Stability Performance and Robustness Controller Design Using Nyquist-Bode Techniques, C. Rohrs General Principles for Designing Series Compensators Using Frequency Response Techniques A Design Example Using a Lead-Lag Compensator Controlling Unstable Plants Controlling Plants with Right Half-Plane Zeros Stability Robustness, W.-S. Lu Stability Robustness as Related to Problems in Circuits and Filters Stability Robustness of Hurwitz Polynomials Stability Robustness of Schur Polynomials Lyapunov and Other Non-Kharitonov Approaches: State-Space Models Time-Delay and Two-Dimensional Systems References Robust Stability of Circuits with Multiple Uncertain Parameters, L. Qiu Introduction Matrix Norms and Singular Value Decomposition Unimodal Functions and One-Dimensional Optimization Real Stability Radius Computational Examples COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION, S.M. Kang Introduction, S.M. Kang Modeling of Circuit Performances, S.M. Kang and A. Dharchoudhury Circuit Performance Measures Input-Output Relationships Dependency of Circuit Performance on Circuit Parameters Design of Experiments Least-Squares Fitting Variable Screening Stochastic Performance Models Other Performance Modeling Approaches Example of Performance Modeling Symbolic Analysis Methods, M.H. Hassoun Introduction Symbolic Modified Nodal Analysis Solution Methods Ideal Operational Amplifiers Applications of Symbolic Analysis Symbolic Analysis Software Packages Numerical Analysis Methods, A.T. Yang Circuit Equations Sparse Matrix Solvers Design by Optimization, S.S. Sapatnekar Introduction Optimization Algorithms The Transistor Sizing Problem for CMOS Digital Circuits The Design Centering Problem Statistical Design Optimization, M.A. Styblinski Problems and Methodologies of Statistical Circuit Design Underlying Concepts and Techniques Statistical Methods of Yield Optimization Conclusion ANALOG INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, J. Choma Monolithic Device Models Bipolar Junction Transistor, B.M. Wilamowski MOSFET Technology Devices, J. Choma JFET Technology Transistors, S.I. Long Passive Components, N.M. Nguyen Chip Parasitics in Analog Integrated Circuits, M.A. Brooke Analog Circuit Cells Bipolar Biasing Circuits, K. Noren Canonical Cells of Linear Bipolar Technology, J. Choma and J. Trujillo MOSFET Biasing Circuits, D.G. Haigh Canonical Cells of MOSFET Technology, M. Ismail, S.C. Huang, C.C. Hung, and T. Saether High Performance Analog Circuits Broadband Bipolar Networks, C. Toumazou, A. Payne, and J. Lidgey Bipolar Noise, B.M. Wilamowski DIGITAL AND ANALOG VLSI, J. Choma Physical Design Automation, N.A. Sherwani Introduction VLSI Design Cycle Physical Design Cycle Design Styles Partitioning Other Partitioning Algorithms Placement Routing Classification of Global Routing Algorithms Classification of Detailed Routing Algorithms Compaction Summary Design Automation Technology, A.M. Dewey Introduction Design Entry Conceptual Design Synthesis Verification Test Frameworks Summary Computer-Aided Analysis Analog Circuit Simulation, J.G. Rollins Parameter Extraction for Analog Circuit Simulation, P. Bendix Digital Circuits MOS Digital Logic Circuits, J.P. Uyemura Transmission Gates, B.J. Sheu and R.C. Chang Digital Systems Programmable Logic Devices, F.G. Gray Clocking Schemes, W.D. Grover MOS Storage Circuits, B.J. Sheu and J.C. Chang Microprocessor-Based Design, R. Priemer Systolic Arrays, K. Yao and F. Lorenzelli Data Converters Digital-to-Analog Converters, B.-S. Song Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC's), R. Harjani FILTER CHARACTERISTICS, L. Huelsman General Characteristics of Filters, A. Antoniou Introduction Characterization Time-Domain Response Fequency-Domain Analysis Ideal and Practical Filters Amplitude and Delay Distortion Minimum-Phase, Nonminimum-Phase, and Allpass Filters Introduction to the Design Process Introduction to Realization Approximation, A.M. Davis Introduction The Butterworth LPP Approximation The Chebychev LPP Approximation The Bessel-Thompson LPP Approximation The Elliptic Approximation Frequency Tranformations, J. Ramirez-Angulo Low-Pass Prototype Frequency and Impedance Scaling Low-Pass to High-Pass Transformation Low-Pass to Band-Pass Transformation Low-Pass to Band-Reject Transformation Sensitivity and Selectivity, I. Filanovsky Introduction Definitions of Sensitivity Function Sensitivity to One Variable Coefficient Sensitivity Root Sensitivities Statistical Model for One Variable Multiparameter Sensitivities and Sensitivity Measures Sensitivity Invariants Sensitivity Bounds Remarks on the Sensitivity Applications Sensitivity Computation Using Adjoint Networks General Methods of Reducing Sensitivity Cascaded Realization of Active Filters Sensitivity of Doubly-Terminated Matched Lossless Filters Sensitivity of Active RC-Filters Errors in Sensitivity Comparisons PASSIVE FILTERS, W.K. Chen Passive Immittances and Positive-Real Functions Passive Cascade Synthesis Type-E Section The Richards Sections The Darlington Type-D Section Synthesis of LCM and RC One-Port Networks LCM One-Port Networks RC One-Port Networks Two-Port Synthesis by Ladder Development The LC Ladder The RC Ladder The Parallel or Series Ladders Design of Resistively Terminated Networks Double-Terminated Butterworth Networks Double-Terminated Chebyshev Networks Design of Broadband Matching Networks Basic Coefficient Constraints Design Procedure Explicit Formulas for the RLC Load ACTIVE FILTERS L. Huelsman Low-Gain Active Filters, P. Allen, B. Blalock, and S. Milam Introduction First- and Second-Order Transfer Functions First-Order Filter Realizations Second-Order, Positive-Gain Filters Second-Order, Biquadratic Filters Higher-Order Filters Influence of Nonidealities Summary Single-Amplifier Multiple-Feedback Filters, F.W. Stephenson Introduction General Structure for Single-Amplifier Filters All-Pole Realizations of the MFB Structure MFB All-Pole Designs Practical Considerations in the Design of MGB Filters Modified Multiple-Loop Feedback (MMFB) Structure Biquadratic MMFB Structure Conclusions Multiple-Amplifier Biquads, M.J. Fliege Introduction Biquads with Decoupled Time Constants Dual-Amplifier Twin-T Biquads GIC-Derived Dual-Amplifier Biquads GIC-Derived Three-Amplifier Biquads State-Variable Based Biquads Allpass-Based Biquads Summary Current Generalized Immittance Converter (CGIC) Biquads, W. Mikhael Introduction Biquadratic Structure Using the Antoniou CGIC (20A-CGIC Biquad) Realization of the Most Commonly Used Biquad Functions Using the 2-OA CIGC Stability during Activiation and Sensitivity Using the 2-OA-CGIC Biquad Design and Tuning Procedure of the 2-OA CGIC Biquad Design Examples Using the 2-OA CGIC Biquand Practical High-Order Design Examples Using the 2-OA CGIC Biquand Universal 2-OA CGIC Biquad The 3-OA CGIC Biquadratic Structure Design and Tuning Procedure of the 3-OA CGIC Biquad The Compositie GIC Biquad: 2 C 2-OA-CGIC Summary References Higher-Order Filters, R. Schaumann Introduction Cascade Realizations Multiple-Loop Feedback Realizations Ladder Simulations Continuous-Time Integrated Filters, R. Schaumann Introduction MOSFET-C Filters gm-C Filters Tuning Discussion and Conclusions References Switched Capacitor Filters, E. Sanchez-Sinencio and J. Silva-Martinez Introduction Basic Building Blocks Effects of the OP AMP Finite Parameters Noise and Clock Feedthrough Design Considerations for Low-Voltage Switched-Capacitor Circuits Design Examples DIGITAL FILTERS, Y.C. Lim FIR Filters Properties of FIR Filters, M.H. Er Design of FIR Filters, M.H Er, A. Antoniou, L.M. Smith, B.W. Bomar, Y.C. Lim, and T. Saramäki IIR Filters Properties of IIR Filters, S. Tantaratana Design of IIR Filters, S. Tantaratana Wave Digital Filters, S.S. Lawson Lattice Filters, Y.C. Lim Finite Wordlength Effects, B.W. Bomar Number Representation Fixed-Point Quantization Errors Floating-Point Quantization Errors Roundoff Noise Limit Cycles Overflow Oscillations Coefficient Quantization Error Realization Considerations Aliasing Free Reconstruction Filter Bank, T. Nguyen Fundamentals of Multirate Systems Aliasing-Free Filter Bank Perfect-Reconstruction Filter Back Design of Filter Bank VLSI Implementation of Digital Filters, J.B. Evans Introduction General Purpose Processors Special Purpose Implementations Programmable Logic Implementations Two-Dimensional FIR Filters, R. Ansari and A.E. Cetin Introduction Preliminary Design Considerations General Design Methods for Arbitrary Specifications Special Design Procedure for Restricted Classes 2-D FIR Filter Implementation Further Information Two-Dimensional IIR Filters, A.G. Constantinides and X.J. Xu Introduction Transformation Techniques Design of Separable Product Filters Design of Circularly Symmetric Filters Design of 2-D IIR Filters by Optimization APPENDIXES