Emerging Trends in Dietary Components for Preventing and Combating Disease: (1093 ACS Symposium Series)

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that nearly 80% of the consumers in the world utilize plant products as their first line of defense against diseases and as their primary sources of medicines; meanwhile, approximately 47% of the drugs approved by FDA during 1981-2006 were originally derived from natural products. Recent research from several laboratories around the world has confirmed the long-held belief that several agricultural and food derived products have a profound impact on human health. Here, interdisciplinary scientists including horticulturists, natural products chemists, and pharmacologists address this issue. The chapters presented here are selected from a special symposium entitled Agricultural and Food Derived Natural Products for Preventing and Combating Disease organized by the co-editors at the recent 240th American Chemical Society National Meeting, August 22-26, 2010, in Boston, MA. This book provides an integrated approach to address the chemistry of natural products for their application in disease prevention through in vitro, animal and human intervention studies. The book covers three main areas: 1) Purification and characterization of certain natural compounds, 2) In vitro models for prevention and combating disease, 3) In vivo and human intervention models for prevention and combating diseases. The first area focuses on chemistry of natural products with studies involving isolation methods and elucidation of structural properties of natural compounds from various fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants. Following up on the chemistry, in vitro models for preventing and combating disease are presented, notably models involving products derived from olives, hawthorn, goji, carrot, citrus, berry, and sugar maple. Several other indigenous plants from different regions of the world such as Chilean and Mediterranean wild plants Azadiracta indica and Echinacea pallida provide further understanding of the development of both traditional and innovative plant-based healing medicines. The third and fourth areas covered in the book impart an overview on the future applicability of the natural products. Results from studies on anthocyanin based fruits and vegetables including berries, natural pigments, sesamol, Okra seeds, Grape seed extract, and Methyl jasmonate demonstrate their health benefits through modulation of different metabolic pathways. Given that the worldwide incidence of heart disease, cancer and other chronic human illnesses is rapidly increasing, intervention with agricultural and food derived natural products provides an attractive strategy for disease prevention. Therefore, the focused and timely discussions in this book will be of great interest to both basic and clinical researchers as well as other health care professionals. The book will facilitate further research in this area.

Table of Contents:
Contents Preface I. Characterization of Disease Preventing Components 1. Chromatographic Techniques for the Separation of Polymethoxyflavones from Citrus Ram M. Uckoo, G. K. Jayaprakasha, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil 2. Flavonoids and Furocoumarins in Bergamot, Myrtle-Leaved Orange, and Sour Orange Juices: Distribution and Properties Davide Barreca, Ersilia Bellocco, Corrado Caristi, Ugo Leuzzi, and Giuseppe Gattuso 3. Cancer Chemopreventive Properties of Citrus Limonoids Jinhee Kim, G. K. Jayaprakasha, Amit Vikram, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil 4. Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Components with Biological Activity Extracted from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach P. Caboni, N. G. Ntalli, C. E. Bueno, and L. E. Alchè 5. Phytochemicals from the Fruit and Foliage of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) - Potential Benefits for Human Health Christine A. Dao, Kunal D. Patel, and Catherine C. Neto 6. Maqui Berry (Aristotelia chilensis) Juices Fermented with Yeasts: Effects on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and iNOS and COX-2 Protein Expression Jin Zhi Wang, Gad G. Yousef, Randy B. Rogers, Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia, Ilya Raskin, and Mary Ann Lila 7. Potential Therapeutic Applications of Common Agro-Food Byproducts and Chilean Wild Plants J. Sineiro, M. Rubilar, M. Cascante, E. Álvarez, M. Sánchez, and M. J. Núñez 8. Isolation, Structure Elucidation, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Activity of Polyacetylenes and Polyenes from Echinacea pallida Federica Pellati, Stefania Benvenuti, Fabio Prati, and Paola Nieri 9. Wild Blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium): Modulators of Vascular Function, Structure, and Metabolism Dorothy Klimis-Zacas and Aleksandra S. Kristo 10. Carrot Bisacetylenic Oxylipins - Phytochemicals Behind the Mask of the Superfood Brandon T. Metzger, Ph.D. 11. Nontargeted Profiling of Specialized Metabolites of Digitalis purpurea with a Focus on Cardiac Glycosides Farzad Shadkami and A. Daniel Jones II. Components from Exotic Species for Combating Diseases 12. Mediterranean Wild Plants As Useful Sources of Potential Natural Food Additives Monica Scognamiglio, Brigida D'Abrosca, Severina Pacifico, Marina Isidori, Assunta Esposito, and Antonio Fiorentino 13. Beyond Olive Oil: Active Components and Health Aspects of Some Less Studied Mediterranean Plant Products Nick Kalogeropoulos, Antonia Chiou, Andriana C. Kaliora, Vaios T. Karathanos, and Nikolaos K. Andrikopoulos 14. Hypoglycemic Bioactives from a Traditional Herb C. Y. Choo, A. NoorShahida, and T. W. Wong 15. Sugars, Acids, and Phenolic Compounds in Chinese Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Fruits of Different Origins Baoru Yang, Pengzhan Liu, and Heikki Kallio 16. Bioactive Compounds from Okra Seeds: Potential Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation End Products Bishambar Dayal, Vineela Reddy Yannamreddy, Ajay P. Singh, Michael Lea, and Norman H. Ertel 17. Jasmonates: Plant Stress Hormones as Anticancer Agents Dorit Reischer-Pelech and Eliezer Flescher 18. Chemical Composition and Biological Effects of Maple Syrup Liya Li and Navindra P. Seeram 19. Sesame Seed (Sesamum indicum L.) Extracts and Their Anti-Inflammatory Effect Dur-Zong Hsu, Pei-Yi Chu, and Ming-Yie Liu III. In Vitro and in Vivo Evidences of Dietary Components for Health Benefits 20. Functional Food Components for Preventing and Combating Type 2 Diabetes Dipayan Sarkar, Chandrakant Ankolekar, and Kalidas Shetty 21. Urinary Pharmacokinetics of Queen Garnet Plum Anthocyanins in Healthy Human Subjects M. Netzel, K. Fanning, G. Netzel, T. Frank, D. Zabaras, D. Russell, and R. Stanley 22. Conjugated Fatty Acids as a Prevention Tool for Obesity and Osteoporosis Yeonhwa Park and Yooheon Park 23. NMR Spectroscopy-Based Metabolic Profiling for Detecting Hepatobiliary Diseases G. A. Nagana Gowda and Daniel Raftery 24. Influence of the Target Molecule on the ORAC Index Camilo López-Alarcón, Alexis Aspée, and Eduardo Lissi 25. Inhibition of Intestinal ?-Glucosidases and Anti-Postprandial Hyperglycemic Effect of Grape Seed Extract Kequan Zhou, Shelly Hogan, Corene Canning, and Shi Sun 26. Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenol Consumption Decreases Blood Pressure Rosa-Maria Lamuela-Raventos, Alexander Medina-Remón, Anna Tresserra-Rimbau, and Ramón Estruch 27. The Pig Cecum Model - A Powerful Tool for Studying the Intestinal Metabolism of Flavonoids Gordon van't Slot, Katrin Rose, Anna Engemann, and Hans Ulrich Humpf 28. Cellular Antioxidant Defenses and Amelioration by Biopigments with Particular Focus on mRNA Oxidations Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne and Jyothi Maria Veigas 29. Thylakoids Promote Satiety in Healthy Humans. Metabolic Effects and Mechanisms Charlotte Erlanson-Albertsson, Per-Åke Albertsson, Karolina Gustafsson, Caroline Montelius, Sinan C. Emek, Rickard Köhnke, and Mona Landin-Olsson 30. Nutrition in the Treatment of Dry Eye with Special Attention to Sea Buckthorn Oil Petra S. Larmo, Baoru Yang, Riikka L. Järvinen, Niko L. Setälä, Matti H. Viitanen, and Heikki P. Kallio 31. Citrus Monoterpenes: Potential Source of Phytochemicals for Cancer Prevention Kotamballi N. Chidambara Murthy, G. K. Jayaprakasha, Shivappa M. Mantur, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil 32. Anthocyanin Bioavailability: Past Progress and Current Challenges Janet A. Novotny Editors' Biographies APPENDIX A Ram M. Uckoo, G. K. Jayaprakasha, and Bhimanagouda S. Patil APPENDIX B P. Caboni, N. G. Ntalli, C. E. Bueno, and L. E. Alchè APPENDIX C Liya Li and Navindra P. Seeram APPENDIX D M. Netzel, K. Fanning, G. Netzel, T. Frank, D. Zabaras, D. Russell, and R. Stanley Indexes Author Index Subject Index

About the Author :
Bhimanagouda S. Patil is Associate Professor in the Department of Horticultural Sciences in Texas A&M University in College Station. Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha is Research Assistant Professor in the Department of Horticultural Sciences in Texas A&M University in College Station. Kotamballi N. Chidambara Murthy is Research Associate at Texas A&M University in College Station. Navindra P. Seeram is Assistant Professor of Pharmacognosy at the University of Rhode Island.