MR Spectroscopy of the Brain

This volume is a practical guide to the technique and most frequent clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain. Using more than 500 images, the authors present the fundamentals of MRS in a straightforward fashion and show radiologists and neurologists how to recognize normal and disease processes on scans. The book presents the spectra of the most common neurological disease entities, along with the conventional images and perfusion and diffusion where appropriate. The authors thoroughly describe the pathology and key MRS features of each disease process. Each chapter ends with a quick-reference summary of the main findings.

Table of Contents:
INTRODUCTION AND TECHNIQUE INTRODUCTION TECHNIQUE Localization Methods Echo Time Hints Voxel THE SECRETS OF SPECTROSCOPY Voxel Positioning Reference False-Negative Re-scaling DATA COLLECTION Stages How to obtain diagnostic quality spectra WHEN TO VALUE THE CURVE Alternatives to poor quality spectra THE MAIN METABOLITES AND THEIR MEANINGS CURVE ANALYSIS Regional Variation Age Variation Chapter 2 NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES DEMENTIA Alzheimer's Disease Frontotemporal Dementia - Pick's disease Vascular dementia HYDROCEPHALUS DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF SUBSTANTIA NIGRA Parkinson CEREBELLAR, BRAINSTEM AND SPINAL CORD DEGENERATIVE DISEASES Down Syndrome Olivopontocerebellar degeneration DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF MOTOR NEURON Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Chapter 3 METABOLIC DISEASES THAT AFFECT WHITE AND GRAY MATTER MITOCHONDRIAL ENCEPHALOPATHIES Leigh's Disease MELAS THAT AFFECT BASAL GANGLIA Huntington's Disease (HD) Wilson's Disease Cobalamin C Deficiency Hemolytic-uremic Syndrome Galloway-Mowat's Disease Lysosomal Storage Diseases GALACTOSEMIA PHENYLKETONURIA METHYLMALONIC ACIDEMIA Chapter ENCEPHALIC ABNORMALITIES IN SYSTEMIC DISEASES HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY Spectral abnormalities Special situations Differential diagnosis DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS HYPONATREMIA - HYPOSMOLAR ENCEPHALOPATHY CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS HYPERNATREMIA AND HYPEROSMOLARITY Chapter 5 VASCULAR DISORDERS INFARCTION Acute infarction Subacute/chronic infarctions Ischemia (penumbra) SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERITHEMATOSUS (SLE) Chapter 6 GLOBAL HYPOXIA FINDINGS Chapter 7 EPILEPSY MAIN ABNORMALITIES SPECIAL SITUATIONS Chapter 8 DEMYELINATION LEUKODYSTROPHY 1. Establish the diagnosis 2. Show abnormalities related to patients' disease progression 3. Monitor treatment MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Proton MRS u indications Chapter 9 INFECTIONS ABSCESSES AND NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS HYDATID CYST TUBERCULOMA ENCEPHALITIS REYE'S SYNDROME AIDS AIDS-related dementia Encephalitis secondary to HIV AIDS focal lesions Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Chapter 10 INTRACRANIAL NEOPLASMS SPECTRAL PATTERN OF TUMORS APPLICATIONS OF SPECTROSCOPY IN BRAIN TUMORS Differentiating neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions Suggesting histology Differentiating primary neoplasm vs. metastasis Suggesting tumor grade Indicating ideal site for biopsy Assessing tumor extension Assessing tumor progression Assessing therapeutic response Chapter 11 NEUROCUTANEOUS SYNDROMES AND MALFORMATIONS TYPE 1 NEUROFIBROMATOSIS (NF-1) TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS CORTICAL MALFORMATIONS LHERMITTE-DUCLOS DISEASE Chapter 12 HEAD INJURY INDICATIONS FOR USE OF PROTON MRS IN HEAD INJURY Chapter 13 PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDER AND DEPRESSION ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER SCHIZOPHRENIA Chapter 14 MISCELLANEOUS SLEEP APNEA MIGRAINE BRAIN DEAT