Jacaranda Humanities and Social Sciences 10 for Western Australia learnON & Print

Table of Contents:
Overview x Acknowledgements xii Unit 1 Justice at Home and Overseas 1 1 Government in our region 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Key features of Australia’s system of government 5 1.3 Key features of Japan’s system of government 10 1.4 Key features of India’s system of government 13 1.5 Key features of Indonesia’s system of government 16 1.6 SkillBuilder: Conducting an interview 20 1.7 Review 21 2 Australia in the world 24 2.1 Overview 24 2.2 Foreign aid from governments and NGOs 25 2.3 Australia and the UN 29 2.4 Keeping the peace 31 2.5 SkillBuilder: Civic action in the classroom 34 2.6 Review 35 3 Australia’s High Court 38 3.1 Overview 38 3.2 Resolving disputes between governments — state and federal 39 3.3 Interpreting the Constitution 43 3.4 Applying international treaties 46 3.5 SkillBuilder: You be the judge 48 3.6 Review 49 4 International law and us 51 4.1 Overview 51 4.2 What is international law? 53 4.3 Key treaties affecting Australia 57 4.4 International law and Indigenous Australians 60 4.5 SkillBuilder: A treaty in the classroom 64 4.6 Review 64 5 Sustaining a cohesive society 66 5.1 Overview 66 5.2 Living in a cohesive society 67 5.3 Threats to social cohesion 69 5.4 Protecting social cohesiveness 73 5.5 Resolving conflict 75 5.6 SkillBuilder: Using and referencing quotes 78 5.7 Review 79 Unit 2 Economic Performance and Living Standards 81 6 Economic performance 83 6.1 Overview 83 6.2 Economic growth and Australia’s economy 84 6.3 Employment trends and Australia’s economy 89 6.4 Inflation rates and Australia’s economy 97 6.5 Sustainability indices and Australia’s economy 101 6.6 Other indicators of economic performance and Australia’s economy 103 6.7 SkillBuilder: Calculating inflation 108 6.8 Review 109 7 Economic performance and living standards 110 7.1 Overview 110 7.2 Living standards related to economic performance 112 7.3 Measuring living standards 115 7.4 Macroeconomic policy options 119 7.5 Microeconomic policy options 125 7.6 Direct government intervention in the market 131 7.7 Supporting growth in the Asia–Pacific region 133 7.8 SkillBuilder: Preparing a budget 135 7.9 Review 136 8 Influencing consumers 137 8.1 Overview 137 8.2 Business influences on consumer decisions 138 8.3 Consumer choice, attitude and preference 142 8.4 Making major purchases 144 8.5 SkillBuilder: Choosing a mobile phone plan 147 8.6 Review 149 9 Improving business productivity 150 9.1 Overview 150 9.2 Managing operations and improving productivity 151 9.3 Improving productivity through human resource management 156 9.4 Ethics, social responsibility and the triple bottom line 159 9.5 Responding to variations in economic conditions 162 9.6 SkillBuilder: Analysing a business 165 9.7 Review 167 Unit 3 Environmental Change and Management 169 10 The world of geography 171 10.1 Overview 171 10.2 Geographical concepts 175 10.3 Review 11 Environmental change and management 184 11.1 Overview 184 11.2 SkillBuilder: Evaluating alternative responses 11.3 How do people interact with the environment? 186 11.4 Is climate change heating the Earth? 191 11.5 Can we slow climate change? 194 11.6 How can we reduce the impacts of climate change? 197 11.7 Is Australia’s climate changing? 201 11.8 SkillBuilder: Drawing a futures wheel 11.9 Review 12 Land change and management 206 12.1 Overview 206 12.2 Why does the land degrade? 207 12.3 What is land degradation? 210 12.4 SkillBuilder: Interpreting a complex block diagram 12.5 Where has the soil gone? 215 12.6 Why are drylands drying up? 12.7 How do we manage land degradation? 12.8 Who are the invaders? 219 12.9 How can we control invasive species? 222 12.10 Can native species create environmental change? 225 12.11 Would you like salt with that? 228 12.12 How do we deal with salinity? 12.13 SkillBuilder: Writing a fieldwork report as an annotated visual display (AVD) 12.14 How do Indigenous communities manage the land? 232 12.15 Review 13 Inland water change and management 236 13.1 Overview 236 13.2 What is inland water? 237 13.3 Dam it? 240 13.4 Do we have to dam? 242 13.5 SkillBuilder: Creating a fishbone diagram 13.6 Is fighting worth a dam? 13.7 What happens when we divert water? 247 13.8 Why is groundwater shrinking? 250 13.9 Why is China drying up? 13.10 Why do we drain wetlands? 252 13.11 SkillBuilder: Reading topographic maps at an advanced level 13.12 How can we put water back? 13.13 Review 14 Coastal change and management 256 14.1 Overview 256 14.2 Why must we preserve the coast? 257 14.3 How are coasts built up and worn away? 14.4 SkillBuilder: Comparing aerial photographs to investigate spatial change over time 14.5 How do coastal areas change? 261 14.6 SkillBuilder: Comparing an aerial photograph and a topographic map 14.7 Why are low-lying islands disappearing? 265 14.8 How do inland activities affect coasts? 269 14.9 Who shifted the sand? 14.10 How do we manage coastal change? 272 14.11 Review 15 Marine change and management 276 15.1 Overview 276 15.2 Why is there motion in the ocean? 277 15.3 Where does trash travel? 280 15.4 How can we best clean up ocean debris? 285 15.5 Where else is marine debris a problem? 288 15.6 SkillBuilder: Using geographic information systems (GIS) 15.7 Where does oil in the sea come from? 292 15.8 SkillBuilder: Describing change over time 15.9 What is the solution to marine pollution? 295 15.10 The world’s worst oil spill? 15.11 Review 16 Urban change and management 299 16.1 Overview 299 16.2 How do urban environments develop? 300 16.3 How do cities change the environment? 303 16.4 Why do urban areas decline? 305 16.5 What are the challenges for fast-growing cities? 308 16.6 Has Melbourne sprawled too far? 310 16.7 SkillBuilder: Constructing a land use map 16.8 SkillBuilder: Building a map with geographic information systems (GIS) 16.9 Can we stop Venice from sinking? 316 16.10 What is the future of our urban environment? 319 16.11 Review 17 Geographical inquiry: Developing an environmental management plan 323 17.1 Overview 323 17.2 Process 324 17.3 Review 325 Unit 4 Geographies of Human Wellbeing 327 18 What makes a good life? 329 18.1 Overview 329 18.2 Better off, worse off? 330 18.3 SkillBuilder: Constructing and interpreting a scattergraph 18.4 How do we measure wellbeing? 333 18.5 SkillBuilder: Interpreting a cartogram 18.6 Does wealth equal wellbeing? 337 18.7 How can we improve wellbeing? 339 18.8 Are we on track? 342 18.9 Can we help the bottom billion? 18.10 What are human rights? 346 18.11 Who are the unprotected? 348 18.12 Review 19 Human wellbeing and change 352 19.1 Overview 352 19.2 Where is everybody? 353 19.3 Who lives longest? 356 19.4 How do hatches and dispatches vary? 358 19.5 What is the link between population and wellbeing? 361 19.6 How have governments responded to population and wellbeing issues? 363 19.7 SkillBuilder: Using Excel to construct population profiles 19.8 How does wellbeing vary in India? 367 19.9 What are Australia’s population characteristics? 370 19.10 SkillBuilder: How to develop a structured and ethical approach to research 19.11 The biggest child killer? 19.12 HIV no longer a death sentence? 19.13 Review 20 Is life the same everywhere? 375 20.1 Overview 375 20.2 Does gender affect wellbeing? 376 20.3 How does water affect wellbeing? 380 20.4 How does poverty affect wellbeing? 20.5 The great divide? 383 20.6 Is everybody equal? 388 20.7 How can wellbeing be improved for Indigenous Australians? 390 20.8 SkillBuilder: Understanding policies and strategies 20.9 How is teen pregnancy linked to wellbeing? 393 20.10 SkillBuilder: Using multiple data formats 20.11 Review 21 Trapped by conflict 398 21.1 Overview 398 21.2 Where is wellbeing affected by conflict? 399 21.3 Why is there conflict over land? 402 21.4 How can conflict change regions? 405 21.5 How does conflict affect people? 408 21.6 A case study: How is wellbeing affected in the Syrian Arab Republic? 411 21.7 What is the impact of people moving through Europe? 415 21.8 How does Australia contribute to global human wellbeing? 421 21.9 SkillBuilder: Debating like a geographer 21.10 Is all well in paradise? 21.11 How can wellbeing be addressed during conflict? 425 21.12 SkillBuilder: Writing a geographical essay 21.13 Review Unit 5 The Modern World and Australia 431 DEPTH STUDY 1: Investigating World War II (1939–1945) 22 The causes of World War II 433 22.1 Overview 433 22.2 Examining the evidence 435 22.3 The peace treaties and the League of Nations 437 22.4 The ‘Roaring Twenties’ 442 22.5 The Great Depression 447 22.6 Communism — dream or nightmare? 452 22.7 The rise of fascism 454 22.8 The Nazis take power in Germany 460 22.9 Japanese militarism 464 22.10 The road to war in Europe 468 22.11 SkillBuilder: Analysing cause and effect using graphic organisers 22.12 Review 23 The experiences of Australians during World War II 475 23.1 Overview 475 23.2 Examining the evidence 477 23.3 Overview of World War II to 1944 479 23.4 Australians at war: enlistment and the Mediterranean battles 485 23.5 Australia under threat 490 23.6 Australians in the Pacific War: Kokoda 493 23.7 Australians in the Pacific War: beyond Kokoda 496 23.8 Australian prisoners of war 499 23.9 The Australian home front 502 23.10 Australian women at war 507 23.11 Australia’s relations with the US 513 23.12 The end of the war 515 23.13 War crimes and retribution 519 23.14 Changing international relations 524 23.15 Commemoration and contested debates 528 23.16 SkillBuilder: Using historical sources as evidence – analysing political cartoons and propaganda posters 23.17 Review DEPTH STUDY 2: Investigating rights and freedoms (1945–the present) 24 Rights and freedoms (1945–present) 534 24.1 Overview 534 24.2 Examining the evidence 536 24.3 The beginnings of an Aboriginal protest movement 538 24.4 The Stolen Generations 543 24.5 Influence on Australia of civil rights movements abroad 547 24.6 The Freedom Ride in Australia 553 24.7 Being counted 556 24.8 Torres Strait Islander rights and freedoms 560 24.9 The Aboriginal Tent Embassy 565 24.10 Land rights and protests 568 24.11 Reconciliation 574 24.12 Fighting for equity 580 24.13 The struggle continues 586 24.14 SkillBuilder: Historical debate 24.15 Review Glossary 594 Index 605