Jacaranda Humanities and Social Sciences 9 for Western Australia LearnON & Print

Table of Contents:
Overview x Acknowledgements xii Unit 1 Our Democratic Rights 1 1 Choosing a Government 3 1.1 Overview 3 1.2 Australia’s Political Parties 4 1.3 Voting and the Electoral Process 8 1.4 Influencing Your Vote 16 1.5 After the Election — The Formation of Government 21 1.6 The Role of the Prime Minister and Cabinet 26 1.7 Skillbuilder: Creating and Analysing a Table 31 1.8 Review 33 2 Australia’s Court System 35 2.1 Overview 35 2.2 The Court Hierarchy 36 2.3 The Roles of Particular Courts 41 2.4 Different Courts, Different Jurisdictions 45 2.5 How the Courts Make Laws 51 2.6 Skillbuilder: Problem Solving and Decision Making 55 2.7 Review 57 3 Australia’s Justice System 59 3.1 Overview 59 3.2 is Everyone Equal Before the Law? 60 3.3 What Makes Our Courts Independent? 63 3.4 Who Has the Right of Appeal? 66 3.5 What Happens When the System Fails? 68 3.6 Skillbuilder: Creating and Analysing a Survey 73 3.7 Review 76 Unit 2 Australia and the Global Economy 79 4 The Australian Economy 81 4.1 Overview 81 4.2 Participants in the Australian Economy 83 4.3 Objectives of the Australian Economy 89 4.4 Indicators of Economic Performance 93 4.5 Trade with Other Economies 99 4.6 Global Events and the Australian Economy 102 4.7 Skillbuilder: Questioning and Research 105 4.8 Review 106 5 The Global Economy 108 5.1 Overview 108 5.2 Globalisation and the International Economy 109 5.3 Imported Products in Our Local Shops 113 5.4 Global Supply Chains 117 5.5 Transnational Corporations 120 5.6 Skillbuilder: Developing Graphs From Tables 124 5.7 Review 125 6 Managing Financial Risk 127 6.1 Overview 127 6.2 The Role of Banks and Other Deposit-Taking Institutions 128 6.3 Different Types of Investment 131 6.4 Protection From Financial Risk 133 6.5 Managing Debt 138 6.6 Skillbuilder: Reading a Sharemarket Chart 140 6.7 Review 143 7 Innovation and Competition in the Marketplace 144 7.1 Overview 144 7.2 Innovation 145 7.3 Emerging Techniques 148 7.4 Pursuing Competitive Advantage 153 7.5 Strategies to Create Competitive Advantage 156 7.6 Corporate Social Responsibility and Competitive Advantage 162 7.7 Skillbuilder: Analysing a Business Case Study 166 7.8 Review 168 8 Australia’s Changing Work Environment 169 8.1 Overview 169 8.2 Participants in the Australian Workplace 170 8.3 Changing Roles of Employees 174 8.4 Employer Responsibilities in the Workplace 177 8.5 Government Responsibilities in the Workplace 180 8.6 Skillbuilder: Preparing a Résumé 181 8.7 Review 184 Unit 3 Biomes and Food Security 185 9 The World of Geography 187 9.1 Overview 187 9.2 Geographical Concepts 189 9.3 Review 197 10 All the World is a Biome 198 10.1 Overview 198 10.2 Skillbuilder: Describing Spatial Relationships in Thematic Maps 10.3 What is a Biome? 200 10.4 How Do We Use the Grassland Biome? 203 10.5 What Are Coastal Wetlands? 205 10.6 Skillbuilder: Constructing and Describing a Transect on a Topographic Map 10.7 Why Are Coral Reefs Unique? 208 10.8 What Are Australia’s Major Biomes? 211 10.9 Why Are Biomes Different? 213 10.10 How Do We Protect Biomes? 10.11 Review 11 How Can We Feed the World? 219 11.1 Overview 219 11.2 How Can We Feed the World? 220 11.3 What Does the World Eat? 223 11.4 How Does Traditional Agriculture Produce Food? 226 11.5 How Did Indigenous People Achieve Food Security? 229 11.6 Skillbuilder: Constructing Ternary Graphs 11.7 How Have We Increased Our Food? 234 11.8 How Are Biomes Modified For Agriculture? 236 11.9 How is Food Produced in Australia? 239 11.10 What Does a Farming Area Look Like? 242 11.11 Skillbuilder: Describing Patterns and Correlations on a Topographic Map 11.12 Why is Rice An Important Food Crop? 245 11.13 Why is Cacao a Special Food Crop? 11.14 Daly River: a Sustainable Ecosystem? 11.15 How Can Aquaculture Improve Food Security For Indigenous People? 11.16 Review 12 What Are the Impacts of Feeding Our World? 250 12.1 Overview 250 12.2 How Does Producing Food Affect Biomes? 251 12.3 Where Have All the Trees Gone? 253 12.4 Skillbuilder: GIS — Deconstructing a Map 12.5 Paper Profits, Global Losses? 12.6 Should We Farm Fish? 257 12.7 Skillbuilder: Interpreting a Geographical Cartoon 12.8 How Do We Lose Land? 263 12.9 Irrigation: Success or Failure? 265 12.10 Does Farming Use Too Much Water? 12.11 Why is Global Biodiversity Diminishing? 267 12.12 Does Farming Cause Global Warming? 12.13 Review 13 Are We Devouring Our Future? 271 13.1 Overview 271 13.2 Who’s Not Hungry? 272 13.3 Who is Hungry? 275 13.4 Skillbuilder: Constructing and Describing Complex Choropleth Maps 13.5 How Does a Famine Develop? 13.6 Will Land Loss Lead to Food Shortages? 278 13.7 Skillbuilder: Interpreting Satellite Images to Show Change Over Time 13.8 Are We Running Dry? 283 13.9 Climate Change: Freeze or Fry? 286 13.10 Why is Food Being Wasted? 13.11 Review 14 2050 — Food Shortage or Surplus? 290 14.1 Overview 290 14.2 Can We Feed the Future World Population? 291 14.3 Can We Improve Food Production? 294 14.4 What Food Aid Occurs At a Global Scale? 298 14.5 Skillbuilder: Constructing a Box Scattergram 14.6 Do Australians Need Food Aid? 301 14.7 is Trade Fair? 304 14.8 Skillbuilder: Constructing and Describing Proportional Circles on Maps 14.9 How Do Dietary Changes Affect Food Supply? 307 14.10 Can Urban Farms Feed People? 309 14.11 Review 15 Geographical Inquiry: Biomes and Food Security 313 15.1 Overview 313 15.2 Process 314 15.3 Review 315 Unit 4 Geographies of Interconnections 317 16 How Do We Connect with Places? 319 16.1 Overview 319 16.2 How Do We ‘See’ Places? 320 16.3 Skillbuilder: Interpreting Topological Maps 16.4 How Do We Move Around Our Spaces? 16.5 What Does Our Land Mean to Us? 323 16.6 How Do Places Change? 326 16.7 How Do We Access Places? 328 16.8 To Walk or Not to Walk 333 16.9 Skillbuilder: Constructing and Describing Isoline Maps 16.10 Are We All on An Equal Footing? 337 16.11 How Do We Connect with the World? 16.12 Review 17 Tourists on the Move 341 17.1 Overview 341 17.2 What is Tourism? 342 17.3 Who Goes Where? 347 17.4 Skillbuilder: Constructing and Describing a Doughnut Chart 17.5 Who Comes and Goes in Australia? 350 17.6 Skillbuilder: Creating a Survey 17.7 Skillbuilder: Describing Divergence Graphs 17.8 What Are the Impacts of Tourism? 354 17.9 What Can We Learn From Our Travels? 357 17.10 Are Zoos and Aquariums Eco-Friendly? 17.11 What is Cultural Tourism? 359 17.12 is Sport a New Tourist Destination? 362 17.13 Review 18 Buy, Swap, Sell and Give 366 18.1 Overview 366 18.2 How Does Trade Connect Us? 367 18.3 How Does Trade Connect Australia with the World? 369 18.4 How is Food Traded Around the World? 373 18.5 Skillbuilder: Constructing Multiple Line and Cumulative Line Graphs 18.6 How Has the International Automotive Trade Changed? 377 18.7 Are Global Players Altering the Industrial Landscape? 379 18.8 Why is Fair Trade Important? 382 18.9 Why Does Australia Give Foreign Aid? 384 18.10 Why is the Illegal Wildlife Trade a Cause For Concern? 18.11 Skillbuilder: Constructing and Describing a Flow Map 18.12 Review Unit 5 The Making of the Modern World 389 Depth Study 1: Investigating the Industrial Revolution (1750–1914) 19 Technology and Progress: Industrial Revolution (1750–1914) 391 19.1 Overview 391 19.2 Examining the Evidence 393 19.3 Causes of the Industrial Revolution 395 19.4 The Agricultural Revolution 398 19.5 The Growth of Empire 403 19.6 Entrepreneurs, Banks and the Middle Class 407 19.7 The Population Explosion 410 19.8 Power: From Horses, Wind and Water to Steam 413 19.9 Making Textiles: From Home to Factory 417 19.10 Coal and Iron 421 19.11 Canals, Roads, Railways and Shipping 424 19.12 Industrial Innovation Spreads to the World 431 19.13 Skillbuilder: Identifying Continuity and Change 19.14 Review 20 The Impact on People: Industrial Revolution (1750–1914) 436 20.1 Overview 436 20.2 Examining the Evidence 438 20.3 The Impact of Enclosure 440 20.4 Conditions in Factories and Mines 445 20.5 Child Labour 449 20.6 Urban Conditions and People’s Health 453 20.7 Poor Laws and Workhouses 455 20.8 Social Unrest and Trade Unions 459 20.9 The Growth in Ideas 463 20.10 Reformers and Progress 470 20.11 Skillbuilder: Analysing Different Perspectives 20.12 Review 21 Movement of Peoples (1750–1914) 475 21.1 Overview 475 21.2 Examining the Evidence 477 21.3 Overview of Slavery 479 21.4 Slavery and the Cotton Trade 484 21.5 The End of Slavery? 486 21.6 Crime and Punishment 489 21.7 Transportation to Australia 491 21.8 Convict Life 496 21.9 Emigration to Australia 499 21.10 Migration to the Goldfields 503 21.11 Skillbuilder: Analysing Cause and Effect 21.12 Review Unit 6 The Making of the Modern World 509 Depth Study 2: Investigating World War I (1914–1918) 22 World War I 511 22.1 Overview 511 22.2 Examining the Evidence 513 22.3 What Caused the Great War? 516 22.4 The World At War 522 22.5 Australians in the Great War 525 22.6 Gallipoli 528 22.7 Gallipoli: The Historical Debate 533 22.8 Trench Warfare 535 22.9 The Western Front 538 22.10 The Home Front 541 22.11 The Conscription Issue 547 22.12 The Eastern Front: Collapse and Revolution 550 22.13 Peace and Commemoration 554 22.14 The War’s Impact on Australia’s International Relations 558 22.15 Skillbuilder: Analysing Photos 22.16 Review Glossary 564 Index 575