Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Manual

Field technicians and emergency response personnel are often faced with the dangers of flammable, combustible, and chemically unstable materials. Although there are numerous procedures set forth by regulatory agencies like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) for effectively and safely dealing with such environmental hazards, up until now there has been no single resource for training in this area. Based on the author's twenty-plus years of field experience, Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response Manual is a comprehensive text that covers the complete curriculum requirements set forth by OSHA and HazWOPER. Highly accessible and broad in focus, the book is equally useful as a technical resource for training, a hands-on reference for field operations, and a textbook for environmental courses in a variety of areas. Coverage includes:Methods recommended by professional societies and regulatory agencies including the National Fire Protection Association, OSHA, EPA, and NIOSHPractical examples and assignments in each chapter to supplement the text and enhance usefulness to students.

Table of Contents:
1 Regulations, Agencies, and Resources 1 Introduction—History of Employee Health and Safety Regulations 1 Regulations 2 The Environmental Protection Agency 2 Hazardous Waste Numbers 3 EPA Identification Numbers 4 Clean Water Act 4 Clean Air Act 5 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 5 Toxic Substance Control Act 6 Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) 7 Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act (SARA) 7 Department of Labor—Occupational Safety and Health Administration 8 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 9 Department of Transportation (DOT) 9 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 10 NFPA 704 Labeling 10 Hazard Communication Standard 12 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) 13 Hazwoper Training 13 Incident Command System (ICS) 15 Resources 16 Materia] Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) 16 NIOSII Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards 19 Emergency Response Guidebook 19 Summary 20 2 Hazard Classification 21 Chemical Exposure 24 Explosion and Fire 27 Oxygen Deficiency 28 Ionizing Radiation 28 Biological Hazards 29 General Safety Hazards 29 Electrical Hazards 31 Heat Stress 32 Cold Exposure 32 Noise 33 Poisonous Snakes Insects and Plants 33 Weather 34 Heavy Equipment 34 Tools 37 Definition of Hazardous Materials vs. Hazardous Waste 38 Classification of Hazardous Materials 40 Physical Properties of Hazardous Materials 41 Vapor Density and Specific Gravity 41 Flammability 43 Explosive Limits 43 Hash Point 43 Hammable Solids 44 Firefighting and Fire Prevention 44 Portable Fire Extinguishers 45 Toxic Products of Combustion 47 Corrosives 47 Acids 47 Alkalis 48 Reactivity of Some Common Elements 48 Water-Reactive Materials 48 Oxidizing Materials 49 Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) 49 Flammable and Combustible Liquid 51 Summary 53 3 Site Safety Plan 55 The Plan 56 Emergencies 57 Incident Characterization 57 Remedial Actions 58 Safety  Plan Development 58 Routine Operations 59 Describe the Known Hazards and Risks 59 List Key Personnel and Alternates 60 Designate Levels of Protection to be Worn 60 Delineate Work Areas 60 List Control Procedures 60 Establish Decontamination Procedures 62 Address Requirements for an Environmental Surveillance Program 62 Specify Any Routine and/or Special Training Required 63 Establish Procedures for Weather-Related Problems 63 On Site Emergencies 65 Establish Site Emergency Procedures 65 Address Emergency Medical Care 66 Implementation of the Site Safety Plan 68 Typical Safety Plan Outline 72 Responsibilities 74 Client 74 Engineering Firm 75 Site Contractors 75 Consulting Firm / Site Safety Officer (SSO) 75 Summary 76 4 Site Characterization 77 Offsite Characterization 78 Interview/Records Research 79 Perimeter Investigation 81 Protection of Site Entry Workforce 83 Onsite Survey 84 Continuing the Survey 86 Information Documentation 90 Hazard Assessment 93 Threshold Limit Values 93 Permissible Exposure Limit 95 Recommended Exposure Limit 95 IDLH Concentrations 95 Potential Skin Absorption and Irritation 96 Potential Eye Irritation 96 Flammable and Explosive Range 96 Monitoring 97 Summary 100 5 Site Control 101 Site Map 102 Site Preparation 103 Site Preparation Tasks 104 Site Work Zones 105 Exclusion or Hot Zone 108 Contamination Reduction or Warm Zone 109 Support Zone or Cold Zone 111 Buddy System 112 Enforce Decontamination Procedures 115 Security Measures 116 Communication Networks 118 Internal Communications 118 Safety Meetings 119 External Communications 119 Summary 120 6 Toxicology and Medical Monitoring 121 Toxicity vs. Hazard 122 Toxicity Tests 122 Dose-Response Relationship 123 Measurement of Response 123 Dose-Response Terms 123 Use of Dose-Response Relationship 124 Limitations of Dose-Response Data 126 Routes of Exposure 127 Gender Differences 127 Age 127 Synergism, Antagonism, and Potentiation 128 Genetics 128 Species Variation 129 Kinds of Toxicity 129 Types of Toxic Effects 129 Toxic Substances and Cancer-Causing Agents 130 Introduction to Medical Monitoring 131 Developing a Program 133 Pre-Employment Screening 138 Sample Pre-Employment Examination 140 Additional Medical Testing 142 Baseline Monitoring 142 Periodic Medical Examinations 142 Sample Periodic Medical Examination 143 Termination Examination 143 Emergency Treatment 144 Non-Emergency Treatment 147 Medical Records 147 Program Review and Summary 147 7 Air Monitoring 149 Monitoring Instruments 149 Direct-Reading Instruments 150 Laboratory Analysis 155 Site Monitoring 158 Monitoring for Dangerous Conditions 159 General On-Site Monitoring 159 Perimeter Monitoring 160 Periodic Monitoring 160 Personal Monitoring 160 Variables of Hazardous - Waste Site Exposure 161 Limitations and Advantages of Monitoring Equipment 161 Summary 162 8 Personal Protective Equipment 163 Introduction 163 Developing a Personal Protective Equipment Program 165 Equipment Use 165 Program Review and Evaluation 166 Selection of Protective Clothing 167 Examples of Protective Clothing 167 Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing (CPC) 169 Selection of Ensembles 179 Personal Protective Equipment Use 185 Training 186 Work Duration 189 Inspection 195 Storage 196 Heat Stress and Other Physiological Factors 196 Monitoring 197 Prevention 199 Cold Weather Operations 200 Other Factors 205 Physical Condition 206 Level of Acclimatization 206 Age 207 Sex 207 Weight 207 Maintenance 208 Summary 208 9 Decontamination Procedures 209 Introduction 209 General Procedures 210 Preplanning for Decontamination 210 Personal Protective Equipment 211 Types of Decontamination 213 Physical Removal 213 Chemical Removal 213 Equipment Needs 215 Proper Disposal 215 Personal Protection 218 Preliminary Concerns 218 Level of Protection 220 Work Function 220 Location of Contamination 221 Reasons for Leaving Site 221 Establishment of Procedures 221 Decontamination during Medical Emergencies 222 Physical Injury 222 Partial and Full Decontamination 222 Persistent Contamination 225 Summary 230 10 Respiratory Protection 231 Selection of Respiratory Equipment 231 Air-Purifying Respirators 235 Air-Line Respirators (ALRs) 239 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) 241 ln-Use Monitoring 246 Storage 247 Inspection 247 Cleaning of Respirators 248 Summary 248 11 Engineering Controls 249 Buddy System 249 Site Security 251 Communications Systems 255 Handling Hazardous-Waste Containers 258 Planning 259 Packaged Laboratory Wastes 263 Bulging, Leaking, Open, Deteriorated, or Buried Drums 263 Sampling 266 Characterization 267 Staging 268 Bulking 269 Shipment 269 Vacuum Trucks 270 Elevated Tanks 271 Compressed Gas Cylinders 271 Ponds and Lagoons 272 Tanks and Vaults 273 Confined Spaces 274 Trenching and Excavation Safety 279 Summary 285 12 Site Emergencies 287 Planning 288 Personnel 289 Federal Response Organizations 294 Training 295 Emergency Recognition and Prevention 296 Communications 297 Internal Communications 297 External Communications 299 Site Mapping 299 Safe Distances and Refuges 300 Site Security and Control 301 Personal Locator Systems 301 Evacuation Routes and Procedures 302 Decontamination 303 Equipment 304 Medical Treatment and First Aid 305 Emergency Response Procedures 307 Size-Up 308 Rescue/Response Action 308 Follow-Up Procedures 310 Documentation 310 Emergency Response Plan 311 Summary 313 Glossary 315 Index 321

About the Author :
BRIAN J. GALLANT is the Vice President of Contingency Management Associates, where he is responsible for marketing, delivering, and coordination of field services. With more than twenty years of experience as an environmental and safety manager and consultant, he is a member of the National Association of Fire Investigators, the American Society of Safety Engineers, and the International Association of Firefighters, and is a Certified Hazardous Materials Manager.

Review :
"...reads well and the information is clearly delivered." (Journal of Hazardous Materials, September 2006)