The Computer Industry: (Emerging Industries in the United States)

About the Book

Originally a military and scientific computational tool of a small number of government, scientific, and corporate elites in the late 1940s, the computer has evolved significantly in less than 70 years to become a revolutionary technology and the basis for one the largest industries in America. The Internet, email and personal computer have become necessities in most offices and college dorm rooms and many homes. Narrative chapters trace the emergence and development of the computer industry in the United States as seen in the economic, historical, and social context of its times from the early 20th century to the present. From punched cards and tabulating machines to the first digital computer companies in the early 1950s, Yost clearly describes how the concept of the computer was born in the late 1800s but did not evolve into the personal computer until the late 1970s and 1980s. The computer has emerged from a relatively narrow scientific computational machine to a vast data processing and communication technology.

Such well-known concepts and terms as IBM and Bill Gates, Apple and Macintosh, and the Internet and the World Wide Web, along with lesser known histories of the mainframe digital computer, the invention of the transistor, software development, supercomputing and minicomputing are discussed. Includes an appendix of over twenty company profiles of key businesses in the industry, a timeline, and suggestions for further reading and research. Ideal for students and general readers interested in the development of computers and related technology, such as its software and hardware, and the history of the computer industry.

Table of Contents:

Acknowledgements
Introduction
The Prehistory of the Computer Industry, 1880-1939
The Advent of the Mainframe Digital Computer, 1940-1957
Broadening Scale and Scope of the Mainframe Computer Industry, 1957-1965
The Industry's Supercomputing and Minicomputing Sectors, 1957-1975
The Rise of Software as a Service, Product, Business, and Industry, 1958-1975
Infrastructure for Long-Term Change, 1962-1975
The Personal Computer and PC Software, 1975-1990
The Computer Networking Revolution and the Computer Industry, 1990-2004
Conclusion: Looking Backwards and Looking Ahead

About the Author :
JEFFREY R. YOST is Associate Director of Charles Babbage Institute for the History of Information Technology at the University of Minnesota. He has published and edited scholarship in a number of areas on the business, social, cultural, scientific, and intellectual history of computing, software and networking.

Review :
Yost examines different phases of the development of the computer industry, beginning with its prehistory (1880-1939) and ending with the computer networking revolution (1990-2004). His account details the contributions of business, government, and academia to each phase. Before the first chapter, a time line (1943-2004) of significant computer industry developments is provided. Interesting photographs of computer industry personages and computer hardware are provided throughout, courtesy of the Charles Babbage Institute, the IBM Archives, and the MIT Museum. An appendix contains profiles of significant companies in the computer industry categorized along the lines of hardware, software/programming services, and networking/e-commerce. The Suggestions for Further Reading and Research section offers illuminating commentary by the author and is much more than just a reading list. The index provides a convenient list of the names of the important contributors to the development of the computer industry. A valuable book for anyone interested in the evolution and future of the computer industry. Summing Up: Highly recommended. All collections. [T]he author does a very good job of synthesizing scholarship and providing a clear and readable overview. The prehistory section contains a series of useful profiles of the pre-war business machine sector. Individuals and companies feature, including Tom Watson and IBM, Remington Rand, Burroughs and so on. (There is also a very useful appendix with company data for the major firms in the industry) The author does well in placing the industry in its long term context--and restates the important point that firms which develop strategic capabilities at the pre-computer stage are frequently those which succeed at a later date, ahead of firms with more 'technological' expertise….[t]his is a very good entry point for those wishing to get a thorough grounding in the US computer industry and its history. Although the computer industry appears to be securely entrenched in the US, in some ways it is just settling in. Technologies come and go in rapid order, and elements of the business, especially those at the cutting edge, are as volatile as any newborn. Yost starts with the work of Babbage in the first quarter of the 19th century and continues with discussion of mainframe digital computers designed in the Second World War, the broadening of the mainframe industry and the segmentation of the supercomputing and minicomputing sectors through the mid 1970s, the rise of the personal computer and user-friendly software, and the networking revolution that continues to the present. He makes some interesting predictions about the future in the industry in his conclusion and also gives profiles of companies in the industry. This book is well written and very concise. The book is a nice compliment to the History of Modern Computing. The History of Modern Computing covers the evolution of the computer industry from 1945 to 1998 and concentrates much of its discussion on various technologies. The Computer Industry does an excellent job of identifying various companies and people who had a major impact on the computer industry. The author does a nice job of discussing computer technologies without too much technological jargon. The book would be an excellent addition to a library's collection. The Computer Industry provides an excellent survey of the computer in American industry, considering the economic, social, political and historical influences on its evolution up to modern times. From punch cards to the first digital computer companies, Yost provides a clear explanation of the changes and the computer's quick evolution for students of technological or social history.