Java for Programmers

PRACTICAL, EXAMPLE-RICH COVERAGE OF: Classes, Objects, Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Interfaces, Nested Classes Integrated OOP Case Studies: Time, GradeBook, Employee Industrial-Strength, 95-Page OOD/UML® 2 ATM Case Study JavaServer™ Faces, Ajax-Enabled Web Applications, Web Services, Networking JDBC™, SQL, Java DB, MySQL® Threads and the Concurrency APIs I/O, Types, Control Statements, Methods Arrays, Generics, Collections Exception Handling, Files GUI, Graphics, GroupLayout, JDIC Using the Debugger and the API Docs And more… VISIT WWW.DEITEL.COM For information on Deitel’s Dive Into® Series corporate training courses offered at customer sites worldwide (or write to deitel@deitel.com) Download code examples Check out the growing list of programming, Web 2.0, and software-related Resource Centers To receive updates for this book, subscribe to the free DEITEL® BUZZ ONLINE e-mail newsletter at  www.deitel.com/newsletter/subscribe.html Read archived issues of the DEITEL® BUZZ ONLINE The practicing programmer’s DEITEL® guide to Java™ development and the Powerful Java™ Platform Written for programmers with a background in high-level language programming, this book applies the Deitel signature live-code approach to teaching programming and explores the Java language and Java APIs in depth. The book presents the concepts in the context of fully tested programs, complete with syntax shading, code highlighting, line-by-line code descriptions and program outputs. The book features 220 Java applications with over 18,000 lines of proven Java code, and hundreds of tips that will help you build robust applications. Start with an introduction to Java using an early classes and objects approach, then rapidly move on to more advanced topics, including GUI, graphics, exception handling, generics, collections, JDBC™, web-application development with JavaServer™ Faces, web services and more. You’ll enjoy the Deitels’ classic treatment of object-oriented programming and the OOD/UML ® ATM case study, including a complete Java implementation. When you’re finished, you’ll have everything you need to build object-oriented Java applications. The DEITEL® Developer Series is designed for practicing programmers. The series presents focused treatments of emerging technologies, including Java™, C++, .NET, web services, Internet and web development and more.    PRE-PUBLICATION REVIEWER TESTIMONIALS “Presenting software engineering side by side with core Java concepts is highly refreshing; gives readers insight into how professional software is developed.”—Clark Richey (Java Champion), RABA Technologies, LLC. “The quality of the design and code examples is second to none!”—Terrell Hull, Enterprise Architect “The JDBC chapter is very hands on. I like the fact that Java DB/Apache Derby is used in the examples, which makes it really simple to learn and understand JDBC.”—Sandeep Konchady, Sun Microsystems “Equips you with the latest web application technologies. Examples are impressive and real! Want to develop a simple address locator with Ajax and JSF? Jump to Chapter 22.”—Vadiraj Deshpande, Sun Microsystems “Covers web services with Java SE 6 and Java EE 5 in a real-life, example-based, friendly approach. The Deitel Web Services Resource Center is really good, even for advanced developers.”—Sanjay Dhamankar, Sun Microsystems “Mandatory book for any serious Java EE developer looking for improved productivity: JSF development, visual web development and web services development have never been easier.”—Ludovic Chapenois, Sun Microsystems “I teach Java programming and object-oriented analysis and design. The OOD/UML 2 case study is the best presentation of the ATM example I have seen.”—Craig W. Slinkman, University of Texas–Arlington “Introduces OOP and UML 2 early. The conceptual level is perfect. No other book comes close to its quality of organization and presentation. The live-code approach to presenting exemplary code makes a big difference in the learning outcome.”—Walt Bunch, Chapman University/    

Table of Contents:
Preface      xxiii Before You Begin      xxxiii Chapter 1: Introduction      1 1.1   Introduction 2 1.2   The Internet and the World Wide Web 3 1.3   History of C and C++ 3 1.4   History of Java 4 1.5   Java Class Libraries 4 1.6   Typical Java Development Environment 5 1.7   Notes about Java and Java for Programmers 8 1.8   Test-Driving a Java Application 9 1.9   Software Engineering Case Study: Introduction to Object Technology and the UML 13 1.10 Web 2.0    17 1.11 Software Technologies 18 1.12 Wrap-Up 19 1.13 Web Resources 20 Chapter 2: Introduction to Java Applications      22 2.1 Introduction 23 2.2 A First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text 23 2.3 Modifying Our First Java Program 29 2.4 Displaying Text with printf 32 2.5 Another Java Application: Adding Integers 33 2.6 Arithmetic 37 2.7 Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators 39 2.8 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Examining the Requirements Document 44 2.9 Wrap-Up 53 Chapter 3: Introduction to Classes and Objects      54 3.1   Introduction 55 3.2   Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables 55 3.3   Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class 57 3.4   Declaring a Method with a Parameter 61 3.5   Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods 64 3.6   Primitive Types vs. Reference Types 69 3.7   Initializing Objects with Constructors 70 3.8   Floating-Point Numbers and Type double 73 3.9   (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying the Classes in a Requirements Document 78 3.10 Wrap-Up 86 Chapter 4: Control Statements: Part 1      87 4.1   Introduction 88 4.2   Control Structures 88 4.3   if Single-Selection Statement 91 4.4   if…else Double-Selection Statement 91 4.5   while Repetition Statement 95 4.6   Counter-Controlled Repetition 96 4.7   Sentinel-Controlled Repetition 100 4.8   Nested Control Statements 106 4.9   Compound Assignment Operators 109 4.10 Increment and Decrement Operators 109 4.11 Primitive Types 112 4.12 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Attributes 113 4.13 Wrap-Up 118 Chapter 5: Control Statements: Part 2     119 5.1   Introduction 120 5.2   Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition 120 5.3   for Repetition Statement 122 5.4   Examples Using the for Statement 125 5.5   do…while Repetition Statement 130 5.6   switch Multiple-Selection Statement 132 5.7   break and continue Statements 139 5.8   Logical Operators 141 5.9   (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Objects’ States and Activities 147 5.10 Wrap-Up 152 Chapter 6: Methods: A Deeper Look      153 6.1   Introduction 154 6.2   Program Modules in Java 155 6.3   static Methods, static Fields and Class Math 155 6.4   Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters 158 6.5   Notes on Declaring and Using Methods 162 6.6   Method-Call Stack and Activation Records 163 6.7   Argument Promotion and Casting 164 6.8   Java API Packages 165 6.9   Case Study: Random-Number Generation 167 6.10 Case Study: A Game of Chance (Introducing Enumerations) 173 6.11 Scope of Declarations 177 6.12 Method Overloading 180 6.13 Introduction to Recursion 183 6.14 Recursion Concepts 184 6.15 Example Using Recursion: Factorials 184 6.16 Example Using Recursion: Fibonacci Series 187 6.17 Recursion and the Method-Call Stack 190 6.18 Recursion vs. Iteration 192 6.19 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Identifying Class Operations 194 6.20 Wrap-Up 201 Chapter 7: Arrays      202 7.1   Introduction 203 7.2   Arrays 203 7.3   Declaring and Creating Arrays 205 7.4   Examples Using Arrays 206 7.5   Case Study: Card Shuffling and Dealing Simulation 215 7.6   Enhanced for Statement 219 7.7   Passing Arrays to Methods 220 7.8   Case Study: Class GradeBook Using an Array to Store Grades 224 7.9   Multidimensional Arrays 229 7.10 Case Study: Class GradeBook Using a Two-Dimensional Array 233 7.11 Variable-Length Argument Lists 239 7.12 Using Command-Line Arguments 240 7.13 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Collaboration Among Objects 242 7.14 Wrap-Up 249 Chapter 8: Classes and Objects: A Deeper Look      251 8.1   Introduction 252 8.2   Time Class Case Study 253 8.3   Controlling Access to Members 256 8.4   Referring to the Current Object’s Members with the this Reference 257 8.5   Time Class Case Study: Overloaded Constructors 259 8.6   Default and No-Argument Constructors 265 8.7   Notes on Set and Get Methods 266 8.8   Composition 267 8.9   Enumerations 270 8.10 Garbage Collection and Method finalize 273 8.11 static Class Members 274 8.12 static Import 278 8.13 final Instance Variables 279 8.14 Software Reusability 282 8.15 Data Abstraction and Encapsulation 283 8.16 Time Class Case Study: Creating Packages 284 8.17 Package Access 290 8.18 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Starting to Program the Classes of the ATM System 291 8.19 Wrap-Up 297 Chapter 9: Object-Oriented Programming: Inheritance      298 9.1 Introduction 299 9.2 Superclasses and Subclasses 300 9.3 protected Members 302 9.4 Relationship between Superclasses and Subclasses 303 9.5 Constructors in Subclasses 327 9.6 Software Engineering with Inheritance 333 9.7 Object Class 333 9.8 Wrap-Up 335 Chapter 10: Object-Oriented Programming: Polymorphism      336 10.1 Introduction 337 10.2 Polymorphism Examples 339 10.3 Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior 340 10.4 Abstract Classes and Methods 342 10.5 Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism 345 10.6 final Methods and Classes 360 10.7 Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces 361 10.8 (Optional) Software Engineering Case Study: Incorporating Inheritance into the ATM System 373 10.9 Wrap-Up 380 Chapter 11: GUI Components: Part 1      381 11.1   Introduction 382 11.2   Simple GUI-Based Input/Output with JOptionPane 383 11.3   Overview of Swing Components 386 11.4   Displaying Text and Images in a Window 389 11.5   Text Fields and an Introduction to Event Handling with Nested Classes 393 11.6   Common GUI Event Types and Listener Interfaces 400 11.7   How Event Handling Works 401 11.8   JButton 404 11.9   Buttons That Maintain State 407 11.10 JComboBox and Using an Anonymous Inner Class for Event Handling 413 11.11 JList 417 11.12 Multiple-Selection Lists 420 11.13 Mouse Event Handling 422 11.14 Adapter Classes 427 11.15 JPanel Subclass for Drawing with the Mouse 430 11.16 Key-Event Handling 434 11.17 Layout Managers 438 11.18 Using Panels to Manage More Complex Layouts 447 11.19 JTextArea 449 11.20 Wrap-Up 452 Chapter 12: Graphics and Java 2D™      453 12.1 Introduction 454 12.2 Graphics Contexts and Graphics Objects 456 12.3 Color Control 457 12.4 Font Control 464 12.5 Drawing Lines, Rectangles and Ovals 470 12.6 Drawing Arcs 474 12.7 Drawing Polygons and Polylines 476 12.8 Java 2D API 479 12.9 Wrap-Up 486 Chapter 13: Exception Handling     487 13.1   Introduction 488 13.2   Exception-Handling Overview 489 13.3   Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling 490 13.4   Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions 492 13.5   When to Use Exception Handling 497 13.6   Java Exception Hierarchy 498 13.7   finally Block 500 13.8   Stack Unwinding 505 13.9   printStackTrace, getStackTrace and getMessage 506 13.10 Chained Exceptions 509 13.11 Declaring New Exception Types 511 13.12 Preconditions and Postconditions 512 13.13 Assertions 512 13.14 Wrap-Up 514 Chapter 14: Files and Streams      515 14.1 Introduction 516 14.2 Data Hierarchy 517 14.3 Files and Streams 519 14.4 Class File 520 14.5 Sequential-Access Text Files 525 14.6 Object Serialization 540 14.7 Additional java.io Classes 550 14.8 Opening Files with JFileChooser 552 14.9 Wrap-Up 555 Chapter 15: Generics      556 15.1   Introduction 557 15.2   Motivation for Generic Methods 558 15.3   Generic Methods: Implementation and Compile-Time Translation 560 15.4   Additional Compile-Time Translation Issues: Methods That Use a Type Parameter as the Return Type 563 15.5   Overloading Generic Methods 566 15.6   Generic Classes 567 15.7   Raw Types 577 15.8   Wildcards in Methods That Accept Type Parameters 581 15.9   Generics and Inheritance: Notes 585 15.10 Wrap-Up 586 15.11 Internet and Web Resources 586 Chapter 16: Collections      587 16.1   Introduction 588 16.2   Collections Overview 589 16.3   Class Arrays 590 16.4   Interface Collection and Class Collections 593 16.5   Lists 594 16.6   Collections Algorithms 605 16.7   Stack Class of Package java.util 618 16.8   Class PriorityQueue and Interface Queue 621 16.9   Sets 622 16.10 Maps 625 16.11 Properties Class 629 16.12 Synchronized Collections 632 16.13 Unmodifiable Collections 633 16.14 Abstract Implementations 634 16.15 Wrap-Up 634 Chapter 17: GUI Components: Part 2      635 17.1   Introduction 636 17.2   JSlider 636 17.3   Windows: Additional Notes 640 17.4   Using Menus with Frames 641 17.5   JPopupMenu 649 17.6   Pluggable Look-and-Feel 652 17.7   JDesktopPane and JInternalFrame 656 17.8   JTabbedPane 660 17.9   Layout Managers: BoxLayout and GridBagLayout 662 17.10 Wrap-Up 675 Chapter 18: Multithreading      676 18.1   Introduction 677 18.2   Thread States: Life Cycle of a Thread 679 18.3   Thread Priorities and Thread Scheduling 681 18.4   Creating and Executing Threads 683 18.5   Thread Synchronization 687 18.6   Producer/Consumer Relationship without Synchronization 696 18.7   Producer/Consumer Relationship: ArrayBlockingQueue 703 18.8   Producer/Consumer Relationship with Synchronization 706 18.9   Producer/Consumer Relationship: Bounded Buffers 712 18.10 Producer/Consumer Relationship: The Lock and Condition Interfaces 720 18.11 Multithreading with GUI 726 18.12 Other Classes and Interfaces in java.util.concurrent 741 18.13 Wrap-Up 741 Chapter 19: Networking      743 19.1   Introduction 744 19.2   Manipulating URLs 745 19.3   Reading a File on a Web Server 750 19.4   Establishing a Simple Server Using Stream Sockets 753 19.5   Establishing a Simple Client Using Stream Sockets 755 19.6   Client/Server Interaction with Stream Socket Connections 756 19.7   Connectionless Client/Server Interaction with Datagrams 768 19.8   Client/Server Tic-Tac-Toe Using a Multithreaded Server 775 19.9   Security and the Network 790 19.10 [Web Bonus] Case Study: DeitelMessenger Server and Client 790 19.11 Wrap-Up 790 Chapter 20: Accessing Databases with JDBC      791 20.1   Introduction 792 20.2   Relational Databases 793 20.3   Relational Database Overview: The books Database 794 20.4   SQL 797 20.5   Instructions for Installing MySQL and MySQL Connector/J 806 20.6   Instructions for Setting Up a MySQL User Account 807 20.7   Creating Database books in MySQL 808 20.8   Manipulating Databases with JDBC 809 20.9   RowSet Interface 825 20.10 Java DB/Apache Derby 828 20.11 PreparedStatements 829 20.12 Stored Procedures 844 20.13 Transaction Processing 845 20.14 Wrap-Up 846 20.15 Web Resources 846 Chapter 21: JavaServer™ Faces Web Applications       847 21.1 Introduction 848 21.2 Simple HTTP Transactions 849 21.3 Multitier Application Architecture 852 21.4 Java Web Technologies 853 21.5 Creating and Running a Simple Application in Netbeans 857 21.6 JSF Components 870 21.7 Session Tracking 883 21.8 Wrap-Up 905 Chapter 22: Ajax-Enabled JavaServer™ Faces Web Applications       906 22.1 Introduction 907 22.2 Accessing Databases in Web Applications 907 22.3 Ajax-Enabled JSF Components 920 22.4 Creating an Autocomplete Text Field and Using Virtual Forms 922 22.5 Wrap-Up 932 Chapter 23: JAX-WS Web Services       933 23.1 Introduction 934 23.2 Java Web Services Basics 936 23.3 Creating, Publishing, Testing and Describing a Web Service 936 23.4 Consuming a Web Service 946 23.5 SOAP 955 23.6 Session Tracking in Web Services 957 23.7 Consuming a Database-Driven Web Service from a Web Application 973 23.8 Passing an Object of a User-Defined Type to a Web Service 982 23.9 Wrap-Up 992 Chapter 24: Formatted Output       993 24.1   Introduction 994 24.2   Streams 994 24.3   Formatting Output with printf 994 24.4   Printing Integers 995 24.5   Printing Floating-Point Numbers 996 24.6   Printing Strings and Characters 998 24.7   Printing Dates and Times 999 24.8   Other Conversion Characters 1002 24.9   Printing with Field Widths and Precisions 1003 24.10 Using Flags in the printf Format String 1005 24.11 Printing with Argument Indices 1009 24.12 Printing Literals and Escape Sequences 1010 24.13 Formatting Output with Class Formatter 1010 24.14 Wrap-Up 1012 Chapter 25: Strings, Characters and Regular Expressions      1013 25.1 Introduction 1014 25.2 Fundamentals of Characters and Strings 1014 25.3 Class String 1015 25.4 Class StringBuilder 1028 25.5 Class Character 1035 25.6 Class StringTokenizer 1039 25.7 Regular Expressions, Class Pattern and Class Matcher 1041 25.8 Wrap-Up 1049 Appendix A: Operator Precedence Chart      1050 A.1 Operator Precedence 1050 Appendix B: ASCII Character Set      1052 Appendix C: Keywords and Reserved Words      1053 Appendix D: Primitive Types       1054 Appendix E: GroupLayout       1055 E.1 Introduction 1055 E.2 GroupLayout Basics 1055 E.3 Building a ColorChooser 1056 E.4 GroupLayout Web Resources 1066 Appendix F: Java Desktop Integration Components (JDIC)     1067 F.1 Introduction 1067 F.2 Splash Screens 1067 F.3 Desktop Class 1069 F.4 Tray Icons 1072 F.5 JDIC Incubator Projects 1072 F.6 JDIC Demos 1072 Appendix G: Using the Java API Documentation       1073 G.1 Introduction 1073 G.2 Navigating the Java API 1074 Appendix H: ATM Case Study Code       1082 H.1   ATM Case Study Implementation 1082 H.2   Class ATM 1083 H.3   Class Screen 1088 H.4   Class Keypad 1089 H.5   Class CashDispenser 1090 H.6   Class DepositSlot 1091 H.7   Class Account 1092 H.8   Class BankDatabase 1094 H.9   Class Transaction 1097 H.10 Class BalanceInquiry 1098 H.11 Class Withdrawal 1098 H.12 Class Deposit 1103 H.13 Class ATMCaseStudy 1106 H.14 Wrap-Up 1106 Appendix I: UML 2: Additional Diagram Types      1107 I.1 Introduction 1107 I.2 Additional Diagram Types 1107 Appendix J: Using the Debugger       1109 J.1 Introduction 1110 J.2 Breakpoints and the run, stop, cont and print Commands 1110 J.3 The print and set Commands 1114 J.4 Controlling Execution Using the step, step up and next Commands 1116 J.5 The watch Command 1119 J.6 The clear Command 1121 J.7 Wrap-Up 1124 Index      1125