Logic

Life takes logic.   Logic offers students a comprehensive yet accessible introduction to the fundamentals of logical thinking. In addition to clear and detailed coverage of logic theory, author Stan Baronett emphasizes real-world applications of the principles of logic. Because of this dual focus—on how to think logically as well as how to apply logic in everyday situations—this text shows students how life takes logic.   Author Stan Baronett employs a clear and accessible writing style in which he addresses the reader as if they are in one-on-one discussion. Throughout the text, Baronett anticipates, asks, and answers the questions that typically arise during discussion of each topic–leading readers to a deeper understanding of the material.

Table of Contents:
Brief   Chapter 1     Logic and Truth Chapter 2     Inferences: Assessment, Recognition, and Reconstruction Chapter 3     Categorical Statements and Inferences Chapter 4     Truth-functional Statements Chapter 5     Truth Tables and Proofs Chapter 6     Natural Deduction Chapter 7     The Logic of Quantifiers Chapter 8     Logic and Language Chapter 9     Applied Inductive Analysis Appendix 1     Mapping Premises and Conclusions Appendix 2  The Square of Opposition and Standard-form Categorical     Expanded     Chapter 1     Logic and Truth     1.1   Truth Content and Logical Component      1.2   Logic and Relationships              Exercise Set–1.2      1.3   Truth Content Errors, Logical Component Errors, and the Analysis of Inferences              Exercise Set–1.3      1.4   Reasoning, Judgment, and Deductive Analysis              Equivocation              Exercise Set–1.4      1.5   Deductive and Inductive Inferences              Deductive Inferences              Inductive Inferences      1.6   Uncertainty and Inductive Analysis              Exercise Set–1.6     Summary     Key Terms     Thinking Logically:  The Problem of the Hats     Biography: The Women Who Programmed ENIAC    Biography:  Blaise Pascal   Chapter 2     Inferences: Assessment, Recognition, and Reconstruction      2.1   The Role of New Evidence               Exercise Set–2.1     2.2     Inference Analysis and Evaluation               Exercise Set–2.2       2.3    Logical Structure              More on Equivocation and Stipulations              Logical Loop              Logical Possibilities              Adding New Premises               Exercise Set–2.3      2.4   Expanding Skills              Recognizing and Reconstructing Inferences               Exercise Set–2.4A              Explanations               Exercise Set–2.4B              Missing Information               Exercise Set–2.4C Summary Key Terms Thinking Logically:  A Classic Problem Biography:  Augusta Ada Byron   Chapter 3     Categorical Statements and Inferences 3.1      Categorical Statements Translating Ordinary Sentences into Categorical Statements              Diagramming Categorical Statements:  Venn Diagrams                    All Sare P                       No Sare P                    Some Sare P                    Some Sare not P              Exercise Set–3.1  3.2   Categorical Syllogisms              Exercise Set–3.2 Summary Key Terms Thinking Logically:  A Group Problem Biography:  Aristotle Biography: John Venn Chapter 4     Truth-functional Statements      4.1   Logical Operators               Conjunction              Negation                       Disjunction              Exercise Set–4.1A             Translations and Common Terms              Exercise Set–4.1B          4.2  Conditional Statements               Understanding and Diagramming Conditional Statements               “If” and “Only if”                  Exercise Set–4.2           4.3   Rules for Symbolic Notation               Well-formed Formulas               Exercise Set--4.3A               The Main Logical Operator               Exercise Set–4.3B      4.4    Truth Tables for Complex Truth-functional Statements Order of Operations       4.5   Contingent and Noncontingent Statements Tautology               Self-contradiction               Exercise Set–4.5A               Material Equivalence               Exercise Set–4.5B      4.6   Logical Equivalence                   Exercise Set–4.6       4.7   Contradictory, Consistent, and Inconsistent Statements               Exercise Set–4.7  Summary  Key Terms  Thinking Logically:  A Tricky Problem  Biography:  The Stoics  Biography:  Leonhard Euler   Chapter 5     Truth Tables and Proofs      5.1   Truth Tables and Inferences               A Note on Technical Validity               Exercise Set–5.1A               Conditional Inferences                         Modus Ponens                         Fallacy of Affirming the Consequent                         Modus Tollens                         Fallacy of Denying the Antecedent               Analyzing Complex Inferences               Exercise Set–5.1B      5.2   Indirect Truth Tables               Thinking Through A Proof               An Indirect Truth Table               Exercise Set–5.2      5.3   Sufficient and Necessary Conditions               Sufficient Conditions               Necessary Conditions               Analyzing Conditional Inferences               Exercise Set–5.3   Summary   Key Terms   Thinking Logically:  A Guilty Problem   Biography:  Charles Peirce     Chapter 6     Natural Deduction      6.1   Proving Validity Using Natural Deduction      6.2   Rules of Inference — Part One               1.  Addition (Add)               2.  Conjunction (Conj.)               3.  Modens Ponens (MP)               4.  Modus Tollens (MT)          6.3   Justification — Applying the Rules of Inference               Exercise Set--6.3      6.4   Rules of Inference — Part Two                5.  Disjunctive Syllogism (DS)                6.  Hypothetical Syllogism (HS)                7.  Constructive Dilemma (CD)                8.  Simplification (Simp)                 Exercise Set–6.4      6.5   Tactics and Strategy Using the Rules of Inference               Using Natural Deduction               Working Through Proofs               Exercise Set–6.5      6.6   Substitution Sets — Group One               9.  Association (Assoc)              10. Double Negation (DN)              11.  Commutation (Comm)              12.  De Morgan (DeM)              13.  Distribution (Dist)               Exercise Set–6.6      6.7   Substitution Sets — Group Two              14.  Transposition (Trans)              15.  Material Implication (MI)              16.  Exportation (Exp)              17.  Material Equivalence  (ME)              18.  Tautology (Taut)              Expanding the Proof Procedure              Exercise Set–6.7      6.8   Conditional Proof               Exercise Set–6.8      6.9   Indirect Proof -- Reductio ad Absurdum               Exercise Set–6.9    Summary    Key Terms    Thinking Logically:  A Standing Problem    Biography:  Gerhard Gentzen    Biography:  Augustus DeMorgan   Chapter 7     The Logic of Quantifiers      7.1   Prelude to the Logic of Quantifiers               Exercise Set–7.1      7.2   Integrating Categorical and Truth-functional Statements               Exercise Set–7.2      7.3   Quantification      7.4   Statement Functions and Categorical Statements              Normal-form Formulas              Bound and Free Variables              Complex Statements               Exercise Set–7.4      7.5   Quantification and Proofs of Validity              Universal Instantiation              Universal Generalization              Existential Instantiation              Existential Generalization              Conditional Proof and Indirect Proof Using Quantifiers               Exercise Set–7.5      7.6   Quantification and Proofs of Invalidity               Exercise Set–7.6   Summary   Key Terms   Thinking Logically:  An Arrangement Problem   Biography:  George Boole   Biography:  Gottlob Frege   Chapter 8     Logic and Language      8.1   Definitions              Lexical Definitions              Stipulative Definitions              Precising Definitions              Operational Definitions              Functional and Ostensive Definitions              Exercise Set–8.1       Summary      8.2   Informal Fallacies              Fallacies of Ambiguity                  1.  Equivocation                  2. Amphiboly                  3. Composition                  4. Division                  5. Emphasis                  6. Straw Man Fallacy                  7. Red Herring Fallacy                   Exercise Set---8.2A              Fallacies of Unwarranted Assumption                  1. Begging the Question                  2. Complex Question                  3. Hasty generalization                  4. Biased sample                  5.Hasty application of a generalization                 6. Fake Precision                 7. Coincidence                 8.  Post hoc                 9.  Common Cause                10.  Slippery slope               Exercise Set---8.2B              Fallacies of Relevance                   1.  Ad hominem                   2.  Tu Quoque                   3.  Appeal to Emotion                   4.  Appeal to Pity                   5.  Appeal to Force                   6.  Inference from Ignorance                   7.  Irrelevant Conclusion                   8.  Appeal to Inappropriate Authority              Exercise Set–8.2C              Summary      8.3   Rhetorical Language              Rhetorical Questions              Rhetorical Conditionals              Rhetorical Disjunctions              Exercise Set–8.3    Summary    Thinking Logically:  A Clever Problem    Biography:  Arthur Schopenhauer       Chapter 9     Applied Inductive Analysis      9.1    Analogical Reasoning Structure of Analogical Inferences               Exercise Set–9.1A               Analyzing Analogical Inferences              Exercise Set–9.1B               Strategies of Evaluation                 Disanalogy                 Counteranalogy                 Unintended Consequence of the Analogy                 Exercise Set–9.1C          9.2   Statistical Reasoning and Probability Theory                 Analyzing Statistical Inferences             Samples and Populations                  Exercise Set–9.2A                 A Priori Theory of Probability              Relative Frequency Theory of Probability              Subjectivist Theory of Probability              Probability Calculus                 Conjunction Methods                 Disjunction Methods                 Negation Method                 Exercise Set–9.2B             True Odds in Games of Chance             Bayesian Theory                 Exercise Set–9.2C       9.3    Scientific and Causal Reasoning             Theoretical and Experimental Science             Cause-Effect Analysis             Hypotheses, Experiments, and Predictions                 Verifiable Predictions                Nontrivial Predictions               Connection Between Prediction and Hypothesis               Exercise Set–9.3       9.4   A Medical Mystery               Exercise Set–9.4 Summary Key Terms Thinking Logically:  A Perplexing Problem Biography:  David Hume   Appendix 1     Mapping Premises and Conclusions Exercise Set–A1                Summary                Key Terms   Appendix 2  The Square of Opposition and Standard-form Categorical                       Syllogisms      A2.1   Categorical Statements                Exercise Set–A2.1      A2.2   Quantity, Quality, and Distribution                Exercise Set–A2.2      A2.3   The Aristotelian Square of Opposition                 Exercise Set–A2.3      A2.4   Immediate Inferences -- Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition                  Conversion                 Obversion                 Contraposition                      Exercise Set–A2.4      A2.5   The Problem of Existential Import and Its Consequences      A2.6   The Boolean Square of Opposition      A2.7   Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition Revisited                     Exercise Set–A2.7       A2.8   Creating Standard-form Categorical Syllogisms      A2.9   Diagramming Categorical Syllogisms                    Exercise Set–A2.9      A2.10  Mood and Figure in Categorical Syllogisms                   Exercise Set–A2.10      A2.11  Rules and Fallacies Associated with Standard-form Categorical Syllogisms                  Exercise Set–A2.11   Summary Key Terms Biography:  Christine Ladd-Franklin                 

Review :
Praise for LOGIC by Stan Baronett   “I would describe this book as the most student-friendly and instructor-friendly logic text that I have found.” Stewart Clem, Oklahoma State University   “I really liked Baronett’s approach to logic. It seems very `modern’ and `hip’ yet instructive. This is a book that I think my students would really relate to with regard to tone, style and level of instruction.” Emily Kulbacki, Green River Community College   “It has some of the best writing of any introductory logic book I have encountered.” Bernard Jackson, Washington and Lee University   “A long-awaited fresh approach to teaching Logic.” Courtney Hammond, Cuyamaca College   “I think that this book is pedagogically excellent. Baronett’s examples are much more likely to engage the interest of the student than are examples in most elementary logic texts.  He also has numerous touches of humor in the exercises, and this will keep both student and teacher engaged.” Val Dusek, University of New Hampshire   “This book is a good read for a logic text.  It offers an exceptional focus on the relationship of logic and truth and sustains a similar focus throughout the chapters.  Organization definitely serves this central story, which is engagingly told with clear narration and the aid of very helpful diagrams.  Amid myriad introductory logic books, this one actually looks to do the subject a new and fresh turn.” Ron Jackson, Clayton State University   “The text is user-friendly. It is very methodical and addresses a major difficulty students have in introductory logic courses, namely, their difficulty in building upon what they have previously learned in the course.” David O'Connor, Seton Hall University   “Baronett’s clear prose and careful examples recommend this text.  Students should be able to extract a lot of meaning from the text and instructors should be able to facilitate their learning without losing time in class on remedial issues.” Gerald Mozur, Lewis & Clark Community College   “Baronett’s Logic covers traditional subject matter in an uncluttered, innovative, way….. his approach will be successful because he addresses the difficulties students tend to have learning this subject –in the order in which they experience them.” Jayne Tristan, University of North Carolina at Charlotte