Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity

Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity, Second Edition, brings together everything that is currently known about nutraceuticals and their potential toxic effects. The book introduces readers to nutraceuticals, herbal medicines, Ayurvedic medicines, prebiotics, probiotics, adaptogens, and their uses and specific applications. This essential reference discusses the mechanism of action for the judicious use of these nutraceuticals and the best tools for their evaluation before detailing the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals and interactions with other therapeutic drugs. Finally, and crucially, regulatory aspects from around the world are covered. Completely revised and updated, this updated edition provides toxicologists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical scientists, and those interested in medicinal plants and natural products with a comprehensive overview of the most effective tools upon which to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics and alternative medicines.

Table of Contents:
Section I. Applications of nutraceuticals in common diseases and disorders 1. Nutraceuticals in central nervous system diseases: potential mechanisms of neuroprotection 2. Prevention of neurodegenerative disorders by nutraceuticals 3. Cognitive effects of nutraceuticals 4. Nutraceuticals in anxiety and stress 5. Countering cardiovascular diseases with nutraceuticals 6. Nutraceuticals for diabetes and glucose balance 7. Role of nutraceuticals in respiratory and allied diseases 8. Nutraceuticals in hepatic diseases 9. Nutraceuticals in renal diseases 10. Nutraceuticals in gastrointestinal disorders 11. Nutraceuticals in reproductive and developmental disorders 12. Nutraceuticals in ophthalmic diseases 13. Nutraceuticals in dermal diseases 14. Nutraceuticals in arthritis 15. Nutraceuticals in sports activities and fatigue 16. Role of nutraceuticals as adaptogens 17. Nutraceuticals for weight loss 18. Nutraceuticals in cancer prevention 19. Application of “nano” nutraceuticals in medicine Section II. Models and mechanisms in evaluation of nutraceuticals 20. The biology of nutrients: genetic and molecular principles 21. Genomic and proteomic mechanisms and models in toxicity and safety evaluation of nutraceuticals 22. Transcriptomic profiling for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals 23. Target identification and polypharmacology of nutraceuticals 24. Systems pharmacology investigation of mechanism of action of nutraceuticals 25. Noninvasive in vivo optical imaging models for safety and toxicity testing 26. Flow cytometry and light-scattering techniques in evaluation of nutraceuticals 27. Zebrafish as a model system to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals 28. Caenorhabditis elegans: an elegant model organism for evaluating the neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic potential of nutraceuticals 29. Alternative in vitro models for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals 30. Mitochondria as a target for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals 31. Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity: antioxidants from nutraceuticals Section III. Common nutraceuticals 32. Caffeine: an evaluation of the safety database 33. Biological activities and potential nanotechnological delivery of resveratrol 34. Melatonin: a safe nutraceutical and clinical agent 35. Standardized turmeric and curcumin 36. Curcuminoid-metal complexes for oxidative stress 37. Fenugreek: multiple health benefits 38. Cannabis sativa: an overview 39. Cannabidiol safety 40. St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L) 41. Green tea 42. Green coffee beans 43. Quercetin 44. German chamomile 45. Isoflavones: toxicological aspects and efficacy  46. Propolis 47. Bee products as nutraceuticals to nutraceuticals for bees 48. Ginkgo biloba 49. Chinese ginseng 50. Ashwagandha: multiple health benefits 51. Astaxanthin: health benefits and toxicity 52. Thymoquinone 53. Glucosinolates 54. Organosulfur compounds as nutraceuticals 55. Arginine and citrulline as nutraceuticals: efficacy and safety in diseases 56. Neem Extract 57. Spirulina 58. Garcinia cambogia 59. Vitamin E TPGS and its applications in nutraceuticals 60. Role of transferrin: an iron-binding protein in health and diseases 61. Glutamine supplementation: hope, hype, or stay tuned? 62. What to do with placenta after birth: is it a waste? 63. Chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives Section IV. Prebiotics and probiotics 64. Prebiotics: safety and toxicity considerations 65. Probiotics: safety and toxicity considerations 66. Synbiotics: safety and toxicity considerations Section V. Nutraceuticals in veterinary medicine 67. Nutraceuticals in animal health and diseases Section VI. Toxicity and toxic interactions 68. Toxic contamination of nutraceuticals and food ingredients 69. Nutraceuticals and adverse outcome pathways 70. Interactions between nutraceuticals/nutrients and nutrients and therapeutic drugs 71. Genotoxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals Section VII. Regulatory aspects 72. The regulatory framework for nutraceuticals: North America 73. Evaluation and regulation of food supplements: European perspective 74. Regulatory guidelines for nutraceuticals in India: an overview 75. Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Chinese perspective 76. Uses and regulation of nutraceuticals: Australia and New Zealand 77. Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Japanese perspective 78. Nutraceuticals: the Turkish perspective

About the Author :
Dr. Ramesh C. Gupta, Professor & Head of Toxicology Department at Murray State university, is engaged in experimental brain research in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and pesticide toxicity. He has delivered lectures in Australia, Italy, Japan, Germany, France, Switzerland, Spain, Czech Republic, China, South Korea, and Sweden. He served the panels of NIH, CDC, NIOSH, and NAS. He has >350 publications to his credit, including seven major books with Elsevier: (1) Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Compounds, (2) Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, (3) Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents, (4) Anticholinesterase Pesticides: Metabolism, Neurotoxicity, and Epidemiology, (5) Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, (6) Biomarkers in Toxicology and (7) Neutraceuticals. He is recipient of Murray State University's distinguished researcher award of the year-2006. He is a diplomate of American Board of Toxicology, and fellow of American College of Toxicology, American College of Nutrition, and Academy of Toxicological Sciences. Mr. Rajiv Lall is the Founder and CEO of ProbioticSmart, LLC, a novel nutraceutical ingredients development company based on research and evidence-based science and Vets Plus, Inc., an international leader in the animal health industry. He graduated with two Masters degrees, the first in Botany from his native country of India, and the second in Pharmacognosy/Medicinal Chemistry from the University of Minnesota. His research focused on identifying, analyzing, and extracting natural ingredients from plants and plant tissue cultures that provide natural health and medicinal properties, as well as on enzymes in relation to cancer cells through animal cell cultures. Mr. Lall started his career in the human health food industry with an emphasis on probiotics. His relentless drive continues to champion both human and animal health through scientific research and the development of nutritional products and pharmaceuticals, and through these efforts he has obtained various patents and developed several hundred products. His company, Vets Plus, Inc. is a research and science-based product development company with a strong quality and manufacturing platform to support partners in Europe and around the world. Recent awards include the Pet Age Icon Award (2015), NASC Visibility Award (2015), and Menomonie Area Chamber of Commerce Business of the Year Award (2015). Vets Plus Inc. was also nominated for Wisconsin Manufacturer of the Year in 2015. In support of the animal health industry, Mr. Lall is now Founder and CEO of Noble Pharma, LLC, a pharmaceutical company in Menomonie, Wisconsin. Mr. Lall and his wife Swati are involved in philanthropic efforts and through that they have developed the Raj and Swati Lall Microbiology Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin-Stout in support of future scientists and business leaders and the community in Menomonie, Wisconsin. Dr. Ajay Srivastava is Chief Scientific Officer at Vets Plus Inc. and serves as an adjunct Faculty member at University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, US. He is specialized in preclinical and clinical product development and nutraceutical research. After receiving his BS in Biological Sciences, Dr. Srivastava earned his DVM from the School of Veterinary Medicine at GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, India, before pursuing his MS in Pharmacology. He completed his PhD in Neuropharmacology from All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. After his post-doctoral training in preclinical drug development in neurological disorders, Dr. Srivastava became Senior Research Scientist of the Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program at the University of Utah, where he developed a novel animal model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy to screen potential antiepileptic drugs. He is one of the pioneer researchers who discovered the role of nutraceuticals resveratrol and melatonin in epilepsy. Dr. Srivastava has chaired various scientific sessions in AVMA and WVC meetings and has published several research articles in peer reviewed journals. He has contributed chapters in textbooks on epilepsy, toxicology and nutraceuticals.