William Hale White William Hale White, known by the pseudonym Mark Rutherford, was born on 22 December 1831 in Bedford, United Kingdom, to William White and Mary White. Raised in a nonconformist household, he initially trained for the Congregational ministry at New Colege, London, but later left due to religious doubts. He eventually joined the civil service, working for the Admiralty and later for the Board of Trade. Despite his reserved public presence, his introspective nature and intellectual pursuits found expression in literature. Writing under the name Mark Rutherford, and occasionally using an invented editor's voice, he explored themes such as personal conscience, moral struggle, and religious disillusionment. His most notable works include The Autobiography of Mark Rutherford, Mark Rutherford's Deliverance, and The Revolution in Tanner's Lane, each reflecting his philosophical depth and emotional candor. White's fiction often blurred the line between autobiography and novel, offering meditative insights into faith, alienation, and the complexity of Victorian inner life. He died on 14 March 1913 in Groombridge, United Kingdom. His son, William Hale-White, became a well-known physician and medical writer. Read More Read Less