Robert S. KramerRobert S. Kramer is professor of History at St. Norbert College in Wisconsin, where he has taught courses on Africa and the Middle East since 1989. In 1986 and 1987 he conducted research in Sudan as a Fulbright Scholar and Social Science Reseach Council Fellow. He is the author of Holy City on the Nile: Omdurman During the Mahdiyya (2010), co-editor and co-author of the Historical Dictionary of the Sudan, 3rd edition (2002) and 4th edition (2013), and the author of numerous articles, book chapters, and book reviews on Sudan and the histories of Islam and Muslim societies in Africa. Read More Read Less