Mark A GabrielMark A. Gabriel, PhD, is an independent scholar specializing in Islamic law, human rights, political Islam, counterterrorism, and Muslim-Western relations. Educated at Al-Azhar University in Cairo and the University of Cape Town, where he earned his hD in law, he has written extensively on Islam, religious ideology, and contemporary political and social challenges. His professional experience has included educational and advisory work with law-enforcement and counterterrorism personnel in the United States, as well as lectures and academic engagements internationally. His work seeks to combine firsthand knowledge of Islamic intellectual traditions with contemporary legal, political, and human-rights analysis. Read More Read Less