Karine VarleyKarine Varley is Lecturer in French and European History at the University of Strathclyde, having previously lectured at Durham University and the University of Edinburgh. She is a graduate of the Universities of Cambridge, Leeds and Royal Holloway, ondon. She has published widely on nineteenth- and twentieth-century European history, including Under the Shadow of Defeat: The War of 1870–71 in French Memory (2008) and (ed. with Marco Maria Aterrano), A Fascist Decade of War: 1935–1945 in International Perspective ( 2020). Her research has been supported by grants from the British Academy, Carnegie Trust and Royal Society of Edinburgh. Read More Read Less