Writing & Reading Across the Curriculum, Brief Edition

Brief, best-selling cross-curricular classic provides instruction  of source-based writing skills combined with five popular readings chapters.

Table of Contents:
Preface for Instructors A Note to the Student   PART: I How to Write Summaries, Critiques, Syntheses, and Analyses   Chapter 1: Summary What Is a Summary? Can a Summary Be Objective? Using the Summary BOX: Where Do We Find Written Summaries? The Reading Process BOX: Critical Reading for Summary How to Write Summaries BOX: Guidelines for Writing Summaries Demonstration: Summary WILLYOUR JOB BE EXPORTED?–Alan S. Blinder Read, Reread, Highlight Divide into Stages of Thought Write a Brief Summary of Each Stage of Thought Write a Thesis: A Brief Summary of the Entire Passage Write the First Draft of the Summary Summary: Combine Thesis Sentence with Brief Section Summaries The Strategy of the Shorter Summary Summary 2: Combine Thesis Sentence, Section Summaries, and Carefully Chosen Details The Strategy of the Longer Summary How Long Should a Summary Be?     EXERCISE 1.1 : Individual and Collaborative Summary Practice Avoiding Plagiarism BOX: Rules for Avoiding Plagiarism   Chapter 2: Critical Reading and Critique Critical Reading Question: To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her Purpose? Writing to Inform BOX: Where Do We Find Written Critiques? Evaluating Informative Writing Writing to Persuade     EXERCISE 2.1 : Informative and Persuasive Thesis Statements Evaluating Persuasive Writing WE ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL IN EVERYWAY–Joan Ryan     EXERCISE 2.2: Critical Reading Practice Persuasive Strategies Logical Argumentation: Avoiding Logical Fallacies BOX: Tone     EXERCISE 2.3: Understanding Logical Fallacies Writing to Entertain Question 2: To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author? Identify Points of Agreement and Disagreement     EXERCISE 2.4: Exploring Your Viewpoints–in Three Paragraphs Explore the Reasons for Agreement and Disagreement: Evaluate Assumptions Critique BOX: Guidelines for Writing Critiques How to Write Critiques Demonstration: Critique To What Extent Does the Author Succeed in His or Her Purpose? To What Extent Do You Agree with the Author? Evaluate Assumptions MODEL CRITIQUE: A CRITIQUE OF “WE ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL IN EVERY WAY”BY JOAN RYAN–Eric Ralston     EXERCISE 2.5: Informal Critique of the Model Critique BOX: Critical Reading for Critique The Strategy of the Critique   Chapter 3: Synthesis What Is a Synthesis? Purpose BOX: Where Do We Find Written Syntheses? Using Your Sources Types of Syntheses: Explanatory and Argument Explanation: News Article from the New York Times PRIVATE GETS 3 YEARS FOR IRAQPRISON ABUSE–David S. Cloud Argument: Editorial from the Boston Globe MILITARY ABUSE How to Write Syntheses BOX: Guidelines for Writing Syntheses The Argument Synthesis  The Elements of Argument: Claim, Support, and Assumption       EXERCISE 3.1 : Practicing Claim, Support, and Assumption   The Limits of Argument   Demonstration: Developing an Argument Synthesis–Balancing Privacy and Safety in the Wake of Virginia Tech   MASS SHOOTINGS AT VIRGINIA TECH–Report of the Review Panel   LAWS LIMIT SCHOOLS EVEN AFTER ALARMS–Jeff Gammage and Stacey Burling   PERILOUS PRIVACY ATVIRGINIA TECH–Christian Science Monitor   COLLEGES ARE WATCHING TROUBLED STUDENTS– Jeffrey McMurray   VIRGINIA TECH MASSACRE HAS ALTERED CAMPUS MENTAL HEALTH SYSTEMS–Associated Press   THE FAMILY EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS AND PRIVACY ACT       EXERCISE 3.2: Critical Reading for Synthesis   Consider Your Purpose   Making a Claim: Formulate a Thesis   Decide How You Will Use Your Source Material   Develop an Organizational Plan   Formulate an Argument Strategy   Draft and Revise Your Synthesis   MODEL SYNTHESIS: BALANCING PRIVACY AND SAFETY IN THE WAKE OF VIRGINIA TECH–David Harrison   The Strategy of the Argument Synthesis   Developing and Organizing the Support for Your Arguments   Summarize, Paraphrase, and Quote Supporting Evidence   Provide Various Types of Evidence and Motivational Appeals   Use Climactic Order   Use Logical or Conventional Order   Present and Respond to Counterarguments   Use Concession   BOX: Developing and Organizing Support for Your Arguments   Avoid Common Fallacies in Developing and Using Support   The Comparison-and-Contrast Synthesis   Organizing Comparison-and-Contrast Syntheses   Organizing by Source or Subject   Organizing by Criteria       EXERCISE 3.3: Comparing and Contrasting   A Case for Comparison-and-Contrast: World War I and World War II   Comparison-and-Contrast Organized by Criteria   MODEL EXAM RESPONSE: KEY SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORLD WARS I AND II   The Strategy of the Exam Response The Explanatory Synthesis Summary of Synthesis Chapters     Chapter 4: Analysis   What Is an Analysis?   BOX: Where Do We Find Written Analyses? When Your Perspective Guides the Analysis   Demonstration: Analysis   THE PLUG-IN DRUG–Marie Winn       EXERCISE 4.1 : Reading Critically: Winn   MODEL ANALYSIS: THE COMING APART OF A DORM SOCIETY– Edward Peselman       EXERCISE 4.2: Reading Critically: Peselman   How to Write Analyses   Consider Your Purpose   Locate an Analytical Principle   Formulate a Thesis   Part One of the Argument   BOX: Guidelines for Writing Analyses   Part Two of the Argument Develop an Organizational Plan Turning Key Elements of a Principle or Definition into Questions   Developing the Paragraph-by-Paragraph Logic of Your Paper   Draft and Revise Your Analysis   Write an Analysis, Not a Summary Make Your Analysis Systematic Answer the “So What?” Question Attribute Sources Appropriately BOX: Critical Reading for Analysis Analysis: A Tool for Understanding    PART II An Anthology of Readings   ECONOMICS Chapter 5: The Changing Landscape of Work in the Twenty-first Century DEFINITIONS: WORK, CAREER, PROFESSION, VOCATION A sociologist, a philosopher, a pope, and others define work and work-related activities as these have evolved over the centuries. FIXED AND FOOTLOOSE: WORK AND IDENTITY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY–Ursula Huws In the new economy, writes a professor of international labor studies, corporations distribute work across the globe and laborers cross continents to find work–twin “upheavals” that are “transforming social identities and structures.” NO LONG TERM: NEW WORK AND THE CORROSION OF CHARACTER–Richard Sennett The life of a winner in the new “No long term” economy is chronicled by a sociologist. His conclusion: “The . . . behavior which has brought [this man] success is weakening his own character in ways for which there exists no practical remedy.” I FEEL SO DAMN LUCKY!–Tom Peters Here are six “minimal survival skills for the 21st century office worker” in a business environment of “monumental change and gargantuan opportunity,” according to the up-beat coauthor of an influential business management book. WORK AND WORKERS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY–Richard W. Judy and Carol D’Amico A map that demystifies “the journey America’s labor force is now beginning” into an economy that will enrich some but frustrate others–courtesy of the Hudson Institute, a policy research organization. THE UNTOUCHABLES–Thomas Friedman Workers in the new economy had better make themselves “untouchable”–or risk losing their jobs to automation or competitors overseas–warns the Pulitzer Prize winning journalist in this excerpt from his best-selling book The World is Flat. WILL YOUR JOB BE EXPORTED?–Alan S. Blinder There’s a critical difference between “personal” and “impersonal” jobs in the service economy, according to this economist and former presidential advisor. Not knowing this difference could cost you a job–no matter how well educated you may be. INTO THE UNKNOWN–The Economist Concerned about losing jobs to globalization? Relax: “What the worriers always forget is that the same changes in production technology that destroy jobs also create new ones.” OCCUPATIONAL OUTLOOK HANDBOOK / TOMORROW’S JOBS– Bureau of Labor Statistics Want to know the outlook for any career field you can think of? Two Web sites created by a division of the United States Department of Labor provide a wealth of information about hundreds of jobs. SYNTHESIS ACTIVITIES RESEARCH ACTIVITIES   ENVIRONMENT/PUBLIC POLICY Chapter 6: Green Power 205 EASY WAYS TO SAVE THE EARTH–Thomas L. Friedman Actually, there are no easy ways to save the earth, declares this Pulitzer Prize- winning New York Times columnist. Rescuing the planet from the effects of climate change will be the biggest industrial task in history THE DANGEROUS DELUSIONS OF ENERGY INDEPENDENCE–Robert Bryce Americans may love the idea of independence; but energy independence is an idea whose ime has not come. “From nearly any standpoint–economic, military, political, or environmental–energy independence makes no sense,” declares the author of Gusher of Lies. WHY THE GASOLINE ENGINE ISN’T GOING AWAY ANY TIME SOON–Joseph B. White Those who believe that plug-in hybrids, electric cars, and fuel cell vehicles are the wave of the near future are indulging in wishful thinking. An automotive reporter explains that the internal combustion engine has lasted as long as it has for good reasons. THE CASE FOR AND AGAINST NUCLEAR POWER–Michael Totty Can nuclear power help us reduce our dependence on fossil fuels like coal? Perhaps. But questions about the economics and safety of nuclear power plants have long stalled their construction, notes a Wall Street Journal reporter. THE ISLAND IN THE WIND–Elizabeth Kolbert Some years ago the residents of the Danish island of Samsø decided to generate all of the electricity used in their homes and farms from wind power. They succeeded. WIND POWER PUFFERY–H. Sterling Burnett A skeptic argues that the power–and appeal–of wind is considerably less than it appears. STATE SOLAR POWER PLANS ARE AS BIG AS ALL OUTDOORS–Marla Dickerson After the state of California mandated that 20 percent of its electrical power be generated from renewable sources by 20 0, solar projects began transforming the landscape: “Rows of gigantic mirrors covering an area bigger than two football fields have sprouted alongside almond groves near California 99.” ENVIRONMENTALISTS AGAINST SOLAR POWER–Peter Maloney You might assume that all environmentalists love solar power. You’d be wrong. SYNTHESIS ACTIVITIES RESEARCH ACTIVITIES   SOCIOLOGY Chapter 7: Marriage and Family in America THE RADICAL IDEA OF MARRYING FOR LOVE–Stephanie Coontz A historian of marriage first poses a few questions on how much we really know about the sacred institution. (Expect to be surprised.) Then she investigates when–and why–men and women began to marry for the “radical” idea of love. A DEBATE ON GAY MARRIAGE–Andrew Sullivan/William J. Bennett Why defenders of traditional values should support–or oppose–gay marriage. Two prominent spokespersons on opposite sides debate the issue. THE SATISFACTIONS OF HOUSEWIFERY AND MOTHERHOOD/ PARADISELOST (DOMESTIC DIVISION)–Terry Martin Hekker A housewife celebrates her role as a traditional mother. Almost thirty years and one divorce later, she has a different perspective. UNDERSTANDING MOM–Deborah Tannen A well-known linguist tries to see things from the perspective of her mother, who doesn’t understand why her daughter didn’t just stay married so she wouldn’t have to return to school in pursuit of a professional career. THE MYTH OF CO-PARENTING: HOW IT WAS SUPPOSED TO BE. HOW IT WAS.–Hope Edelman An angry wife writes of the “stalled revolution”–the continued failure of men to share equally in the housework: “It began to make me spitting mad, the way the daily duties of parenting and home ownership started to rest entirely on me.” MY PROBLEM WITH HER ANGER–Eric Bartels A husband responds to complaints such as Edelman’s: “For women of my generation, anger appears to have replaced the quiet desperation of the past.” WILLYOUR MARRIAGE LAST?–Aviva Patz Short of a crystal ball, how can we predict whether marriages will succeed or fail? A researcher who tracked 68 married couples over 3 years believes that he has found the key. SYNTHESIS ACTIVITIES RESEARCH ACTIVITIES   BIOLOGY Chapter 8: To Sleep A THIRD OF LIFE–Paul Martin “Sleep: a state so familiar yet so strange. It is the single most common form of human behaviour and you will spend a third of your life doing it–25 years or more, all being well.” IMPROVING SLEEP–Lawrence Epstein, MD, Editor A Harvard Special Health Report explains the mechanics of sleep and the internal “circadian” clock that governs our patterns of waking and sleeping. AMERICA’S SLEEP-DEPRIVED TEENS NODDING OFF AT SCHOOL, BEHIND THEWHEEL–National Sleep Foundation Findings of a recent poll: “Many of the nation’s adolescents are falling asleep in class, arriving late to school, feeling down and driving drowsy because of a lack of sleep that gets worse as they get older.” SLEEP DEBT AND THE MORTGAGED MIND–William C. Dement and Christopher Vaughan How much sleep do you owe your internal “sleep bank”? What happens to your brain when you fail to repay your sleep debt? (Hint: The collector demands his due.) THE PITTSBURGH SLEEP QUALITY INDEX–Daniel Buysse How well do you sleep? Take and score this test, a standard tool in the field of sleep research. HOW SLEEP DEBT HURTS COLLEGE STUDENTS–June J. Pilcher and Amy S. Walters So you think you can pull an “all-nighter” and ace an exam the next morning? Think again. SYNTHESIS ACTIVITIES RESEARCH ACTIVITIES   BUSINESS Chapter 9: New and Improved: Six Decades of Advertising ADVERTISING’S FIFTEEN BASIC APPEALS–Jib Fowles “[A]n advertising message contains something primary and primitive, an emotional appeal, that in effect is the thin edge of the wedge, trying to find its way into a mind.” Advertisements are designed to appeal to the “unfulfilled urges and motives swirling in the bottom half of our minds.” A PORTFOLIO OF PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS Presenting, for your consideration, a series of striking magazine advertisements produced over the past six decades. No obligation to buy. A PORTFOLIO OF TV COMMERCIALS From the Energizer Bunny to text-messaging nuns, Madison Avenue has created an often-funny alternative consumer universe that compels viewing. Tune up your YouTube and get ready to laugh. SYNTHESIS ACTIVITIES RESEARCH ACTIVITIES    Credits Index Quick Indexes