Wind Loading of Structures

A Definitive Up-to-Date Reference Wind forces from various types of extreme wind events continue to generate ever-increasing damage to buildings and other structures. Wind Loading of Structures, Third Edition fills an important gap as an information source for practicing and academic engineers alike, explaining the principles of wind loads on structures, including the relevant aspects of meteorology, bluff-body aerodynamics, probability and statistics, and structural dynamics. Written in Line with International Standards Among the unique features of the book are its broad view of the major international codes and standards, and information on the extreme wind climates of a large number of countries of the world. It is directed towards practicing (particularly structural) engineers, and academics and graduate students. The main changes from the earlier editions are: Discussion of potential global warming effects on extreme events More discussion of tornados and tornado-generated damage A rational approach to gust durations for structural design Expanded considerations of wind-induced fatigue damage Consideration of aeolian vibrations of suspended transmission lines Expansion of the sections on the cross-wind response of tall slender structures Simplified approaches to wind loads on "porous" industrial, mining, and oil/gas structures A more general discussion of formats in wind codes and standards Not dedicated to a specific code or standard, Wind Loading of Structures, Third Edition highlights the general format and procedures related to all major codes and standards, addresses structures of various types, and presents you with topics not typically covered in traditional texts such as internal pressures, fatigue damage by wind forces, and equivalent static wind load distributions.

Table of Contents:
The nature of wind storms and wind-induced damage Introduction Meteorological aspects Types of wind storms Wind damage Wind-generated debris Wind storm damage and loss prediction Hurricane-damage modelling Predicted effects of climate change Summary The following chapters and appendices References Prediction of design wind speeds and structural safety Introduction and historical background Principles of extreme value analysis Extreme wind estimation by the Type I Distribution The peaks-over-threshold approach Parent wind distributions Wind loads and structural safety Wind load factors Summary References Strong wind characteristics and turbulence Introduction Mean wind speed profiles Turbulence Modification of wind flow by topography Change of terrain Weakening of a tropical cyclone after a coast crossing Other sources Summary References Basic bluff-body aerodynamics Flow around bluff bodies Pressure and force coefficients Flat plates and walls Rectangular prismatic shapes Circular cylinders Fluctuating forces and pressures Summary References Resonant dynamic response and effective static load distributions Introduction Principles of dynamic response The random vibration or spectral approach Effective static loading distributions Aeroelastic forces Fatigue under wind loading Summary References Internal pressures Introduction Single windward opening Multiple windward and leeward openings Nominally sealed buildings Modelling of internal pressures Summary References Laboratory simulation of strong winds and wind loads Introduction Wind-tunnel layouts Simulation of the natural wind flow Modelling of structures for wind effects Measurement of local pressures Modelling of overall loads and response of structures Blockage effects and corrections Computational wind engineering Summary References Low-rise buildings Introduction Historical General characteristics of wind loads on low-rise buildings Buildings with pitched roofs Multi-span buildings Effects of parapets on low-rise buildings Effect of building length Internal pressures A case study: optimum shaping of a low-rise building Wind-tunnel databases Summary References Tall buildings Introduction Historical Flow around tall buildings Cladding pressures Overall loading and dynamic response Combination of along- and cross-wind response Torsional loading and response Interference effects Damping Motion perception and acceleration criteria Directionality Case studies Summary References Large roofs and sports stadiums Introduction Wind flow over large roofs Arched and domed roofs Effective static load distributions Air-supported roofs Wind-tunnel methods Case studies Summary References Towers, chimneys and masts Introduction Historical Basic drag coefficients for tower sections Dynamic along-wind response of tall slender towers Cross-wind response of tall slender towers Cooling towers Guyed masts Wind turbine towers Case studies Summary References Bridges Introduction Basic force coefficients for bridges The nature of dynamic response of long-span bridges Wind-tunnel techniques Vibration of bridge cables Case studies Summary References Transmission lines Introduction Structural response and calculation of wind loads Risk models for transmission line systems Wind-induced vibrations of transmission lines Summary References Other structures Introduction Walls and hoardings Free-standing roofs and canopies Attachments to buildings Antennas Lighting frames and luminaires Industrial complexes and offshore platforms Summary References Wind-loading codes and standards Introduction General descriptions Basic wind speeds or pressures Modification factors on wind velocity Building external pressures Building internal pressures Other shapes and sectional force coefficients Dynamic response calculations Inter-code comparisons General comments and future developments References A: Terminology B: List of symbols Probability distributions relevant to wind engineering Extreme wind climates - A world survey E: Some approximate formulas for structural natural frequencies F: Example of application of the LRC method for the effective static wind loads on a simple structure