Time-correlated single photon counting

Time-correlated Single Photon Counting has been written in the hope that by relating the authors' experiences with a variety of different single photon counting systems, they may provide a useful service to users and potential users of this formidably sensitive technique. Of all the techniques available to obtain information on the rates of depopulation of excited electronic singlet states of molecular species, monitoring of fluorescence provides, in principle, the simplest and most direct measure of concentration. This volume comprises eight chapters, with the first focusing on the time dependence and applications of fluorescence. Succeeding chapters go on to discuss basic principles of the single photon counting lifetime measurement; light sources; photomultipliers; electronics; data analysis; nanosecond time-resolved emission spectroscopy; time dependence of fluorescence anisotropy. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the field of chemistry.

Table of Contents:
PrefaceAcknowledgmentsChapter 1. Fluorescence, Its Time Dependence and Applications 1.1 Fluorescence Intensities 1.2 Bimolecular Interactions 1.3 General Environmental Effects 1.4 Polarization of Electronic Transitions 1.5 Measurement of Fluorescence Decay Times ReferencesChapter 2. Basic Principles of the Single Photon Counting Lifetime Measurement 2.1 The Standard Experiment 2.2 Details 2.3 Experiments to Correct for Wavelength-Dependent PM Distortion 2.4 Standards ReferencesChapter 3. Light Sources 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Storage Ring Radiation 3.3 Flash Lamps 3.4 Pulsed Lasers 3.5 Summary of Flash Lamps and Pulsed Lasers References Appendix 3.A1Chapter 4. Photomultipliers 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Characteristics 4.3 The Voltage Divider 4.4 Wavelength Dependence of Transit Time 4.5 New Developments References Appendix 4.A1 Appendix 4.A2Chapter 5. Electronics 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Individual Electronic Components 5.3 Setting Discriminator Levels 5.4 Time Calibration and Choice of Timescale References Appendix 5.A1Chapter 6. Data Analysis 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Data 6.3 Distortions 6.4 Correction for Pulse Pile-up 6.5 Mathematical Analysis Techniques 6.6 Application of the Least-Squares Fitting Technique 6.7 Evaluating the Success of the Fit 6.8 Synthetic Data References Appendix 6.A1 Appendix 6.A2Chapter 7. Nanosecond Time-Resolved Emission Spectroscopy 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Applications and Limitations 7.3 Other Methods of Spectral Time Resolution 7.4 Direct Recording of TRES 7.5 Construction of TRES from Deconvolved Decay Functions 7.6 Decay-Associated Spectra 7.7 Conclusion References Appendix 7.A1Chapter 8. Time Dependence of Fluorescence Anisotropy 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Effects of Polarization on Intensity Measurements 8.3 Time-Dependent Anisotropy Measurements 8.4 Deconvolution Procedures 8.5 Theory of Time-Dependent Fluorescence Depolarization 8.6 Form of Time-Dependent Anisotropy for Restricted Motion ReferencesSubject Index