Syntactic Complexity: Diachrony, acquisition, neuro-cognition, evolution

Complex hierarchic syntax is considered one of the hallmarks of human language. The highest level of syntactic complexity, recursive-embedded clauses, has been singled out by some for a special status as the apex of the uniquely-human language faculty – evolutionary but somehow immune to adaptive selection. This volume, coming out of a symposium held at Rice University in March 2008, tackles syntactic complexity from multiple developmental perspectives. We take it for granted that grammar is an adaptive instrument of communication, assembled upon the pre-existing platform of pre-linguistic cognition. Most of the papers in the volume deal with the two grand developmental trends of human language: diachrony, the communal enterprise directly responsible for fashioning synchronic morpho-syntax; and ontogeny, the individual endeavor directly responsible for the acquisition of competent grammatical performance. The genesis of syntactic complexity along these two developmental trends is considered alongside with the cognition and neurology of grammar and of syntactic complexity, and the evolutionary relevance of diachrony, ontogeny and pidginization is argued on general bio-evolutionary grounds. Lastly, several of the contributions to the volume suggest that recursive embedding is not in itself an adaptive target, but rather the by-product of two distinct adaptive gambits: the recruitment of conjoined clauses as modal operators on other clauses and the subsequent condensation of paratactic into syntactic structures.

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction (by Givon, T.); 2. Part I. Diachrony; 3. From nominal to clausal morphosyntax: Complexity via expansion (by Heine, Bernd); 4. Re(e)volving complexity: Adding intonation (by Mithun, Marianne); 5. Multiple routes to clause union: The diachrony of complex verb phrases (by Givon, T.); 6. On the origins of serial verb constructions in Kalam (by Pawley, Andrew); 7. A quantitative approach to the development of complex predicates: The case of Swedish Pseudo-Coordination with sitta "sit" (by Hilpert, Martin); 8. Elements of complex structures, where recursion isn't: The case of relativization (by Shibatani, Masayoshi); 9. Nominalization and the origin of subordination (by Deutscher, Guy); 10. The co-evolution of syntactic and pragmatic complexity: Diachronic and cross-linguistic aspects of pseudoclefts (by Koops, Christian); 11. Two pathways of grammatical evolution (by Dahl, Osten); 12. Part II. Child language; 13. On the role of frequency and similarity in the acquisition of subject and non-subject relative clauses (by Diessel, Holger); 14. 'Starting small' effects in the acquisition of early relative constructions in Spanish (by Rojas Nieto, Cecilia); 15. The ontogeny of complex verb phrases: How children learn to negotiate fact and desire (by Givon, T.); 16. Part III. Cognition and neurology; 17. Syntactic complexity versus concatenation in a verbal production task (by Barker, Marjorie); 18. The emergence of linguistic complexity (by MacWhinney, Brian); 19. Cognitive and neural underpinnings of syntactic complexity (by Fernandez-Duque, Diego); 20. Neural mechanisms of recursive processing in cognitive and linguistic complexity (by Tucker, Don M.); 21. Syntactic complexity in the brain (by Friederici, Angela D.); 22. Part IV. Biology and evolution; 23. Neural plasticity: The driving force underlying the complexity of the brain (by Tublitz, Nathan); 24. Recursion: Core of complexity or artifact of analysis? (by Bickerton, Derek); 25. Index