Storage Implementation in vSphere 5.0
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Storage Implementation in vSphere 5.0

Storage Implementation in vSphere 5.0

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About the Book

THE ONLY AUTHORITATIVE, COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO VSPHERE STORAGE IMPLEMENTATION AND MANAGEMENT   Effective VMware virtualization storage planning and management has become crucial–but it can be extremely complex. Now, the leading VMware expert on storage completely demystifies the "black box" of vSphere storage and provides illustrated, step-by-step procedures for performing every key task associated with it. You’ll gain the deep understanding you need to make better storage decisions, solve problems, and keep problems from occurring in the first place.   Mostafa Khalil presents techniques based on years of personal experience helping customers troubleshoot storage in their vSphere production environments. With more experience than anyone else in the field, he combines expert guidelines, insights for better architectural design, best practices for both planning and management, common configuration details, and deep dives into both vSphere and third-party storage.   Storage Implementation in vSphere® 5.0 fully explains each storage connectivity choice and protocol supported by VMware, introduces Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA), and shows how to build on PSA with multipathing, failover, and ALUA. It thoroughly introduces Storage Virtualization Devices (SVDs) and VMDirectPath I/O, and shows how to drive powerful improvements in performance, flexibility, and manageability with VMFS 5 and VAAI.   COVERAGE INCLUDES   Understanding how FC, FCoE, and iSCSI interact with VMware vSphere 5 Implementing specific VMware capabilities on storage hardware from each leading vendor Avoiding, recognizing, and fixing misconfigurations and other problems Using third-party MPIO plug-ins certified with vSphere 5 and PSA Maximizing availability through multipathing and failover Implementing fixed and round-robin multipathing on arrays with ALUA support Monitoring and optimizing virtual storage performance Managing vSphere-compatible file systems: VMFS and NFS Taking full advantage of VMDirectPath I/O Implementing heterogeneous storage configurations Presenting abstracted storage through virtual disks and Raw Device Mappings (RDMs) Using VMFS 5 to simplify management and improve scalability in large-scale environments Sharing storage and migrating more easily across multiple VMware vSphere instances Optimizing storage performance with VAAI-compliant devices Mostafa Khalil, Senior Staff Engineer with VMware Global Support Services, specializes in storage integration for virtual environments. He has worked for VMware for 13 years and supported all VMware virtualization products since Workstation for Linux 1.0 beta. Khalil has worked on most enterprise storage vendors’ solutions and received engineering-level training for many of them. He has presented at every VMworld, and at VMware Partner Exchange, VMware User Group, and USENIX.     ISBN-13: 978-0-321-79993-7 ISBN-10: 0-321-79993-3

Table of Contents:
Part I: Storage Protocols and Block Devices   Chapter 1 Storage Types 1 History of Storage 1     Birth of the Hard Disks 4     Along Comes SCSI 4     PATA and SATA—SCSI’s Distant Cousins? 5     Units of Measuring Storage Capacity 7     Permanent Storage Media Relevant to vSphere 5 8   Chapter 2 Fibre Channel Storage Connectivity 11 SCSI Standards and Protocols 11     SCSI-2 and SCSI-3 Standards 11     Fibre Channel Protocol 12     Decoding EMC Symmetrix WWPN 25     Locating Targets’ WWNN and WWPN Seen by vSphere 5 Hosts 27     SAN Topology 30     Fabric Switches 35     FC Zoning 37     Designing Storage with No Single Points of Failure 41   Chapter 3 FCoE Storage Connectivity 49 FCoE (Fibre Channel over Ethernet) 49 FCoE Initialization Protocol 51 FCoE Initiators 54     Hardware FCoE Adapter 54     Software FCoE Adapter 55 Overcoming Ethernet Limitations 56     Flow Control in FCoE 57 Protocols Required for FCoE 58     Priority-Based Flow Control 58     Enhanced Transmission Selection 58     Data Center Bridging Exchange 59     10GigE — A Large Pipeline 59 802.1p Tag 60 Hardware FCoE Adapters 62 How SW FCoE Is Implemented in ESXi 5 62 Configuring FCoE Network Connections 64 Enabling Software FCoE Adapter 68 Removing or Disabling a Software FCoE Adapter 71     Using the UI to Remove the SW FCoE Adapter 71     Using the CLI to Remove the SW FCoE Adapter 72 Troubleshooting FCoE 73     ESXCLI 73     FCoE-Related Logs 76 Parting Tips 82   Chapter 4 iSCSI Storage Connectivity 85 iSCSI Protocol 85   Chapter 5 vSphere Pluggable Storage Architecture (PSA) 165 Native Multipathing 166 Storage Array Type Plug-in (SATP) 167     How to List SATPs on an ESXi 5 Host 168 Path Selection Plugin (PSP) 169     How to List PSPs on an ESXi 5 Host 170 Third-Party Plug-ins 171 Multipathing Plugins (MPPs) 172 Anatomy of PSA Components 173 I/O Flow Through PSA and NMP 174     Classification of Arrays Based on How They Handle I/O 175     Paths and Path States 176     Preferred Path Setting 176     Flow of I/O Through NMP 178 Listing Multipath Details 179     Listing Paths to a LUN Using the UI 179     Listing Paths to a LUN Using the Command-Line Interface (CLI) 183     Identifying Path States and on Which Path the I/O Is Sent—FC 186     Example of Listing Paths to an iSCSI-Attached Device 187     Identifying Path States and on Which Path the I/O Is Sent—iSCSI 190     Example of Listing Paths to an FCoE-Attached Device 190     Identifying Path States and on Which Path the I/O Is Sent—FC 192 Claim Rules 192 MP Claim Rules 193 Plug-in Registration 196 SATP Claim Rules 197 Modifying PSA Plug-in Configurations Using the UI 201     Which PSA Configurations Can Be Modified Using the UI? 202 Modifying PSA Plug-ins Using the CLI 204     Available CLI Tools and Their Options 204     Adding a PSA Claim Rule 206     How to Delete a Claim Rule 215     How to Mask Paths to a Certain LUN 217     How to Unmask a LUN 219     Changing PSP Assignment via the CLI 220   Chapter 6 ALUA 227 ALUA Definition 228     ALUA Target Port Group 228     Asymmetric Access State 229     ALUA Management Modes 231     ALUA Followover 232     Identifying Device ALUA Configuration 237     Troubleshooting ALUA 243   Chapter 7 Multipathing and Failover 249 What Is a Path? 250 Where Is the Active Path? 255     Identifying the Current Path Using the CLI 255     Identifying the IO (Current) Path Using the UI 256 LUN Discovery and Path Enumeration 258 Sample LUN Discovery and Path Enumeration Log Entries 261 Factors Affecting Multipathing 265     How to Access Advanced Options 266 Failover Triggers 267     SCSI Sense Codes 267     Multipathing Failover Triggers 270 Path States 273     Factors Affecting Paths States 274 Path Selection Plug-ins 276     VMW_PSP_FIXED 276     VMW_PSP_MRU 277     VMW_PSP_RR 277 When and How to Change the Default PSP 277     When Should You Change the Default PSP? 277     How to Change the Default PSP 278 PDL and APD 280     Unmounting a VMFS Volume 281     Detaching the Device Whose Datastore Was Unmounted 286 Path Ranking 291     Path Ranking for ALUA and Non-ALUA Storage 291     How Does Path Ranking Work for ALUA Arrays? 292     How Does Path Ranking Work for Non-ALUA Arrays? 293     Configuring Ranked Paths 295   Chapter 8 Third-Party Multipathing I/O Plug-ins 297 MPIO Implementations on vSphere 5 297 EMC PowerPath/VE 5.7 298     Downloading PowerPath/VE 298     Downloading Relevant PowerPath/VE Documentations 300     PowerPath/VE Installation Overview 302     What Gets Installed? 303     Installation Using the Local CLI 304     Installation Using vMA 5.0 306     Verifying Installation 307     Listing Devices Claimed by PowerPath/VE 311     Managing PowerPath/VE 312     How to Uninstall PowerPath/VE 313 Hitachi Dynamic Link Manager (HDLM) 315     Obtaining Installation Files 316     Installing HDLM 317     Modifying HDLM PSP Assignments 322     Locating Certified Storage on VMware HCL 326 Dell EqualLogic PSP Routed 327     Downloading Documentation 328     Downloading the Installation File and the Setup Script 328     How Does It Work? 328     Installing EQL MEM on vSphere 5 329     Uninstalling Dell PSP EQL ROUTED MEM 331   Chapter 9 Using Heterogeneous Storage Configurations 333 What Is a “Heterogeneous” Storage Environment? 333 Scenarios of Heterogeneous Storage 334 ESXi 5 View of Heterogeneous Storage 335     Basic Rules of Using Heterogeneous Storage 335     Naming Convention 336     So, How Does This All Fit Together? 337   Chapter 10 Using VMDirectPath I/O 345 What Is VMDirectPath? 345 Which I/O Devices Are Supported? 346     Locating Hosts Supporting VMDirectPath IO on the HCL 348 VMDirectPath I/O Configuration 349     What Gets Added to the VM’s Configuration File? 358 Practical Examples of VM Design Scenarios Utilizing VMDirectPath I/O 358     HP Command View EVA Scenario 358     Passing Through Physical Tape Devices 360 What About vmDirectPath Gen. 2? 360     How Does SR-IOV Work? 361     Supported VMDirectPath I/O Devices 364     Example of DirectPath IO Gen. 2 364 Troubleshooting VMDirectPath I/O 364     Interrupt Handling and IRQ Sharing 364     Device Sharing 365   Chapter 11 Storage Virtualization Devices (SVDs) 369 SVD Concept 369     How Does It Work? 370     Constraints 372     Front-End Design Choices 373     Back-End Design Choices 376     LUN Presentation Considerations 377     RDM (RAW Device Mapping) Considerations 378   Part II: File Systems   Chapter 12 VMFS Architecture 381 History of VMFS 382     VMFS 3 on Disk Layout 384     VMFS5 Layout 391     Common Causes of Partition Table Problems 398     Re-creating a Lost Partition Table for VMFS3 Datastores 399     Re-creating a Lost Partition Table for VMFS5 Datastores 404     Preparing for the Worst! Can You Recover from a File System Corruption? 410     Span or Grow? 416     Upgrading to VMFS5 430   Chapter 13 Virtual Disks and RDMs 437 The Big Picture 437 Virtual Disks 438     Virtual Disk Types 441     Thin on Thin 443     Virtual Disk Modes 444 Creating Virtual Disks Using the UI 445     Creating Virtual Disks During VM Creation 445     Creating a Virtual Disk After VM Creation 448 Creating Virtual Disks Using vmkfstools 450     Creating a Zeroed Thick Virtual Disk Using vmkfstools 452     Creating an Eager Zeroed Thick Virtual Disk Using vmkfstools 452     Creating a Thin Virtual Disk Using vmkfstools 454     Cloning Virtual Disks Using vmkfstools 456 Raw Device Mappings 459     Creating Virtual Mode RDMs Using the UI 459 Listing RDM Properties 466 Virtual Storage Adapters 472     Selecting the Type of Virtual Storage Adapter 473     VMware Paravirtual SCSI Controller 475 Virtual Machine Snapshots 477     Creating the VM’s First Snapshot While VM Is Powered Off 478     Creating a VM Second Snapshot While Powered On 484 Snapshot Operations 488     Go to a Snapshot Operation 489     Delete a Snapshot Operation 492     Consolidate Snapshots Operation 494 Reverting to Snapshot 499 Linked Clones 501   Chapter 14 Distributed Locks 505 Basic Locking 506     What Happens When a Host Crashes? 507     Optimistic Locking 508     Dynamic Resource Allocation 509     SAN Aware Retries 509     Optimistic I/O 511     List of Operations That Require SCSI Reservations 511     MSCS-Related SCSI Reservations 512     Perennial Reservations 514     Under the Hood of Distributed Locks 519   Chapter 15 Snapshot Handling 529 What Is a Snapshot? 530 What Is a Replica? 530 What Is a Mirror? 530 VMFS Signature 531     Listing Datastores’ UUIDs via the Command-Line Interface 532 Effects of Snapshots on VMFS Signature 532 How to Handle VMFS Datastore on Snapshot LUNs 533 Resignature 534     Resignature a VMFS Datastore Using the UI 534     Resignature a VMFS Datastore Using ESXCLI 536 Force Mount 540     Force-Mounting VMFS Snapshot Using ESXCLI 541 Sample Script to Force-Mount All Snapshots on Hosts in a Cluster 543   Chapter 16 VAAI 549 What Is VAAI? 550 VAAI Primitives 550     Hardware Acceleration APIs 550     Thin Provisioning APIs 551 Full Copy Primitive (XCOPY) 551 Block Zeroing Primitive (WRITE_SAME) 552 Hardware Accelerated Locking Primitive (ATS) 553     ATS Enhancements on VMFS5 553 Thin Provisioned APIs 554 NAS VAAI Primitives 555 Enabling and Disabling Primitives 555     Disabling Block Device Primitives Using the UI 557     Disabling Block Device VAAI Primitives Using the CLI 559     Disabling the UNMAP Primitive Using the CLI 562     Disabling NAS VAAI Primitives 562 VAAI Plug-ins and VAAI Filter 564     Locating Supported VAAI-Capable Block Devices 565     Locating Supported VAAI-Capable NAS Devices 567 Listing Registered Filter and VAAI Plug-ins 569 Listing VAAI Filters and Plug-ins Configuration 570 Listing VAAI vmkernel Modules 573 Identifying VAAI Primitives Supported by a Device 574     Listing Block Device VAAI Support Status Using the CLI 574     Listing NAS Device VAAI Support Status 577     Listing VAAI Support Status Using the UI 577 Displaying Block Device VAAI I/O Stats Using ESXTOP 579 The VAAI T10 Standard Commands 582 Troubleshooting VAAI Primitives 583   Index 587  


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9780132842211
  • Publisher: Pearson Education (US)
  • Binding: Digital download
  • No of Pages: 640
  • ISBN-10: 0132842211
  • Publisher Date: 23 Aug 2012
  • Language: English
  • Weight: 1 gr


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