Phase-Locked Loops: System Perspectives and Circuit Design Aspects

Phase-Locked Loops Discover the essential materials for phase-locked loop circuit design, from fundamentals to practical design aspects A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a type of circuit with a range of important applications in telecommunications and computing. It generates an output signal with a controlled relationship to an input signal, such as an oscillator which matches the phases of input and output signals. This is a critical function in coherent communication systems, with the result that the theory and design of these circuits are essential to electronic communications of all kinds. Phase-Locked Loops: System Perspectives and Circuit Design Aspects provides a concise, accessible introduction to PLL design. It introduces readers to the role of PLLs in modern communication systems, the fundamental techniques of phase-lock circuitry, and the possible applications of PLLs in a wide variety of electronic communications contexts. The first book of its kind to incorporate modern architectures and to balance theoretical fundamentals with detailed design insights, this promises to be a must-own text for students and industry professionals. The book also features: Coverage of PLL basics with insightful analysis and examples tailored for circuit designers Applications of PLLs for both wireless and wireline systems Practical circuit design aspects for modern frequency generation, frequency modulation, and clock recovery systems Phase-Locked Loops is essential for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in integrated circuit design, as well researchers and engineers in electrical and computing subjects.

Table of Contents:
Preface xiii About Authors xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Phase-Lock Technique 1 1.2 Key Properties and Applications 2 1.3 Organization and Scope of the Book 6 Part I Phase-Lock Basics 9 2 Linear Model and Loop Dynamics 11 2.1 Linear Model of the PLL 11 2.2 Feedback System 13 2.3 Loop Dynamics of the PLL 16 2.4 Noise Transfer Function 26 2.5 Charge-Pump PLL 29 2.6 Other Design Considerations 39 3 Transient Response 43 3.1 Linear Transient Performance 44 3.2 Nonlinear Transient Performance 52 3.3 Practical Design Aspects 56 Part II System Perspectives 67 4 Frequency and Spectral Purity 69 4.1 Spur Generation and Modulation 69 4.2 Phase Noise and Random Jitter 87 5 Application Aspects 101 5.1 Frequency Synthesis 102 5.2 Clock-and-Data Recovery 112 5.3 Clock Generation 120 5.4 Synchronization 127 Part III Building Circuits 135 6 PhaseDetector 137 6.1 Non-Memory Phase Detectors 137 6.2 Phase-Frequency Detector 142 6.3 Charge Pump 149 7 Voltage-Controlled Oscillator 165 7.1 Oscillator Basics 166 7.2 LC VCO 175 7.3 RING VCO 190 7.4 Relaxation VCO 201 8 FrequencyDivider 209 8.1 Basic Operation 209 8.2 Circuit Design Considerations 219 8.3 Other Topologies 229 Part IV PLL Architectures 237 9 Fractional-N PLL 239 9.1 Fractional-N Frequency Synthesis 239 9.2 Frequency Synthesis with Delta-Sigma Modulation 249 9.3 Quantization Noise Reduction Methods 271 9.4 Frequency Modulation by Fractional-N PLL 278 10 Digital-Intensive PLL 287 10.1 DPLL with Linear TDC 288 10.2 DPLL with 1-Bit TDC 304 10.3 Hybrid PLL 315 11 Clock-and-Data Recovery PLL 325 11.1 Loop Dynamics Considerations for CDR 325 11.2 CDR PLL Architectures Based on Phase Detection 329 11.3 Frequency Acquisition 340 11.4 DLL-assisted CDR Architectures 344 11.5 Open-Loop CDR Architectures 351 References 355 Index 359