High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites

High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Covers the latest research on the high-temperature mechanical behavior of ceramic-matrix composites Due to their high temperature resistance, strength and rigidity, relatively light weight, and corrosion resistance, ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are widely used across the aerospace and energy industries. As these advanced composites of ceramics and various fibers become increasingly important in the development of new materials, understanding the high-temperature mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of CMCs is essential to ensure the reliability and safety of practical applications. High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites examines the behavior of CMCs at elevated temperature—outlining the latest developments in the field and presenting the results of recent research on different CMC characteristics, material properties, damage states, and temperatures. This up-to-date resource investigates the high-temperature behavior of CMCs in relation to first matrix cracking, matrix multiple cracking, tensile damage and fracture, fatigue hysteresis loops, stress-rupture, vibration damping, and more. This authoritative volume: Details the relationships between various high-temperature conditions and experiment results Features an introduction to the tensile, vibration, fatigue, and stress-rupture behavior of CMCs at elevated temperatures Investigates temperature- and time-dependent cracking stress, deformation, damage, and fracture of fiber-reinforced CMCs Includes full references and internet links to source material Written by a leading international researcher in the field, High Temperature Mechanical Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites is an invaluable resource for materials scientists, surface chemists, organic chemists, aerospace engineers, and other professionals working with CMCs.

Table of Contents:
Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Tensile Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 2 1.2 Fatigue Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 6 1.3 Stress Rupture Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 7 1.4 Vibration Behavior of CMCs at Elevated Temperature 9 1.5 Conclusion 10 References 10 2 First Matrix Cracking of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composites 20 2.2.1 Theoretical Models 20 2.2.2 Results and Discussion 21 2.2.2.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 23 2.2.2.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 24 2.2.2.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Fiber/Matrix Interface Frictional Coefficients 25 2.2.2.4 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 26 2.2.2.5 Effect of Matrix Fracture Energy on Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite 27 2.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 28 2.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite 29 2.3.1 Results and Discussion 30 2.3.1.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 30 2.3.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 30 2.3.1.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 33 2.3.1.4 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 34 2.3.1.5 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 34 2.3.2 Experimental Comparisons 36 2.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composites 39 2.4.1 Theoretical Models 39 2.4.2 Results and Discussion 41 2.4.2.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 42 2.4.2.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 42 2.4.2.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 50 2.4.2.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 53 2.4.2.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of C/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 56 2.4.3 Experimental Comparisons 59 2.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of Si/SiC Composites 59 2.5.1 Results and Discussion 59 2.5.1.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 60 2.5.1.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 62 2.5.1.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 66 2.5.1.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 68 2.5.2 Experimental Comparisons 68 2.6 Conclusion 71 References 71 3 Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 75 3.1 Introduction 75 3.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of C/SiC Composites 76 3.2.1 Theoretical Models 77 3.2.1.1 Temperature-Dependent Stress Analysis 77 3.2.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Interface Debonding 78 3.2.1.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking 79 3.2.2 Results and Discussion 80 3.2.2.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 82 3.2.2.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 84 3.2.2.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 85 3.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 88 3.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of SiC/SiC Composites 89 3.3.1 Results and Discussion 90 3.3.1.1 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 90 3.3.1.2 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 92 3.3.1.3 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 93 3.3.1.4 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 95 3.3.1.5 Temperature-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 98 3.3.2 Experimental Comparisons 100 3.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of C/SiC Composites 101 3.4.1 Theoretical Models 102 3.4.1.1 Time-Dependent Stress Analysis 102 3.4.1.2 Time-Dependent Interface Debonding 103 3.4.1.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking 105 3.4.2 Results and Discussion 106 3.4.2.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 106 3.4.2.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 108 3.4.2.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 111 3.4.2.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of C/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 113 3.4.3 Experimental Comparisons 114 3.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking Evolution of SiC/SiC Composites 116 3.5.1 Results and Discussion 117 3.5.1.1 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 117 3.5.1.2 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 120 3.5.1.3 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Frictional Coefficients 127 3.5.1.4 Time-Dependent Matrix Multiple Cracking of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 130 3.5.1.5 Time-Dependent Matrix Cracking Stress of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Fracture Energies 133 3.5.2 Experimental Comparisons 136 3.5.2.1 Unidirectional SiC/SiC Composite 136 3.5.2.2 SiC/SiC Minicomposite 139 3.6 Conclusion 139 References 140 4 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites 145 4.1 Introduction 145 4.2 Theoretical Analysis 148 4.3 Results and Discussion 149 4.3.1 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 149 4.3.2 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Radii 149 4.3.3 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Weibull Moduli 152 4.3.4 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Cracking Characteristic Strengths 152 4.3.5 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Matrix Cracking Saturation Spacings 155 4.3.6 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 155 4.3.7 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Debonding Energies 155 4.3.8 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Strengths 159 4.3.9 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Weibull Moduli 160 4.3.10 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Oxidation Durations 160 4.4 Experimental Comparisons 161 4.4.1 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of SiC/SiC Composite 161 4.4.2 Time-Dependent Tensile Behavior of C/SiC Composite 173 4.5 Conclusion 179 References 181 5 Fatigue Behavior of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 187 5.1 Introduction 187 5.2 Theoretical Analysis 189 5.3 Experimental Comparisons 191 5.3.1 2.5DWoven Hi-NicalonTM SiC/[Si-B-C] at 600 ∘C in Air Atmosphere 191 5.3.2 2.5DWoven Hi-NicalonTM SiC/[Si-B-C] at 1200 ∘C in Air Atmosphere 193 5.3.3 2DWoven Self-Healing Hi-NicalonTM SiC/[SiC-B4C] at 1200 ∘C in Air and in Steam Atmospheres 199 5.3.4 Discussion 203 5.4 Conclusion 206 References 206 6 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 211 6.1 Introduction 211 6.2 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Under Constant Stress at Intermediate Temperature 213 6.2.1 Theoretical Models 214 6.2.2 Results and Discussion 215 6.2.2.1 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Volumes 215 6.2.2.2 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Peak Stress Levels 218 6.2.2.3 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Saturation Spaces Between Matrix Cracking 221 6.2.2.4 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Interface Shear Stress 221 6.2.2.5 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Fiber Weibull Modulus 227 6.2.2.6 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite for Different Environmental Temperatures 229 6.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 230 6.3 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Under Stochastic Loading Stress and Time at Intermediate Temperature 234 6.3.1 Results and Discussion 236 6.3.1.1 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Stochastic Stress Levels 236 6.3.1.2 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Stochastic Loading Time Intervals 240 6.3.1.3 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Fiber Volumes 247 6.3.1.4 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Matrix Crack Spacings 251 6.3.1.5 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Interface Shear Stress 253 6.3.1.6 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Stochastic Loading for Different Environmental Temperatures 261 6.3.2 Experimental Comparisons 264 6.3.2.1 𝜎= 80 MPa and 𝜎s = 90 MPa with Δt = 7.2, 10.8, and 14.4 ks 267 6.3.2.2 𝜎= 100 MPa and 𝜎s = 110 MPa with Δt = 7.2 ks 267 6.3.2.3 𝜎= 120 MPa and 𝜎s = 130 and 140 MPa with Δt = 7.2 ks 271 6.3.2.4 Discussion 271 6.4 Stress Rupture of Ceramic-Matrix Composites Under Multiple Load Sequence at Intermediate Temperature 274 6.4.1 Results and Discussion 274 6.4.1.1 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Fiber Volumes 275 6.4.1.2 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Matrix Crack Spacings 280 6.4.1.3 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Interface Shear Stress 285 6.4.1.4 Stress Rupture of SiC/SiC Composite Under Multiple Loading Sequence for Different Environment Temperatures 292 6.4.2 Experimental Comparisons 295 6.5 Conclusion 302 References 302 7 Vibration Damping of Ceramic-Matrix Composites at Elevated Temperature 307 7.1 Introduction 307 7.2 Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of CMCs 308 7.2.1 Theoretical Models 308 7.2.2 Results and Discussion 310 7.2.2.1 Effect of Fiber Volume on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 310 7.2.2.2 Effect of Matrix Crack Spacing on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 314 7.2.2.3 Effect of Interface Debonding Energy on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 317 7.2.2.4 Effect of Steady-State Interface Shear Stress on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 321 7.2.2.5 Effect of Interface Frictional Coefficient on Temperature-Dependent Vibration Damping of SiC/SiC Composite 325 7.2.3 Experimental Comparisons 329 7.3 Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of CMCs 329 7.3.1 Theoretical Models 329 7.3.2 Results and Discussion 331 7.3.2.1 Effect of Fiber Volume on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 331 7.3.2.2 Effect of Vibration Stress on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 334 7.3.2.3 Effect of Matrix Crack Spacing on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 337 7.3.2.4 Effect of Interface Shear Stress on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 340 7.3.2.5 Effect of Temperature on Time-Dependent Vibration Damping of C/SiC Composite 343 7.3.3 Experimental Comparisons 343 7.3.3.1 t =2 hours at T = 700, 1000, and 1300 ∘C 346 7.3.3.2 t = 5 hours at T = 700, 1000, and 1300 ∘C 346 7.3.3.3 t = 10 hours at T = 700, 1000, and 1300 ∘C 351 7.3.3.4 Discussion 354 7.4 Conclusion 356 References 356