Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials: From Nanoscience to Catalysis, Separation, Optics, Energy, and Life Science

This first book devoted to this hot field of science covers materials with bimodal, trimodal and multimodal pore size, with an emphasis on the successful design, synthesis and characterization of all kinds of hierarchically porous materials using different synthesis strategies. It details formation mechanisms related to different synthesis strategies while also introducing natural phenomena of hierarchy and perspectives of hierarchical science in polymers, physics, engineering, biology and life science. Examples are given to illustrate how to design an optimal hierarchically porous material for specific applications ranging from catalysis and separation to biomedicine, photonics, and energy conversion and storage. With individual chapters written by leading experts, this is the authoritative treatment, serving as an essential reference for researchers and beginners alike.

Table of Contents:
Preface PART I: Introduction INSIGHTS INTO HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS: FROM NANOSCIENCE TO CATALYSIS, SEPARATION, OPTICS, ENERGY, AND LIFE SCIENCE Introduction Synthesis Strategies to Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Emerging Applications of Hierarchically Structural Porous Materials Conclusions HIERARCHY IN NATURAL MATERIALS Natural Materials as a Source of Inspiration in Materials Science Hierarchies Based on Fiber Architectures Liquid Crystalline Assemblies, Clues to Mimic Hierarchical Structures Mineralized Biological Tissues, Models for Hybrid Materials Concluding Remarks PART II: Synthesis Strategies to Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials by Dually Micellar Templating Approach Introduction Nanocasting - True Liquid Crystalline Templating 3.3 Basics of Micellization Mixed Surfactant Solutions Hierarchical Self-Assembly of Concentrated Aqueous Surfactant Mixtures - Hierarchical Mesoporous Structures Conclusions COLLOIDAL CRYSTAL TEMPLATING APPROACHES TO MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL POROSITY Introduction and Historical Overview The Preparation of 3DOM Materials 3DOM Materials with Intrinsic Secondary Porosity Hierarchical Materials from Multimodal Colloidal Crystal Templates Hierarchical Materials from Combinations of Soft and Colloidal Crystal Templating Hierarchical Opals and Related Structures Conclusions and Outlook TEMPLATING OF MACROPOROUS OR SWOLLEN MACROSTRUCTURED POLYMERS Introduction Macroporous Polymer Gels Formed in Amphiphile Solutions Macroporous Starch or Agarose Gels Polymer Foams Polymeric Films and Fibrous Mats Polymer Spheres Closing Remarks BIOINSPIRED APPROACH TO SYNTHESIZING HIERARCHICAL POROUS MATERIALS Introduction Hierarchical Porous Materials from Biotemplates Hierarchical Porous Materials from the Biomimetic Process Conclusions and Perspectives POROUS MATERIALS BY TEMPLATING OF SMALL LIQUID DROPS Introduction Emulsion Templating Breath Figures Templating Conclusions HIERARCHICALLY POROUS MATERIALS BY PHASE SEPARATION: MONOLITHS Introduction Background and Concepts Examples of Materials with Controlled Macro/Mesopores Summary FEATURE SYNTHESIS OF HIERARCHICALLY POROUS MATERIALS BASED ON GREEN EASY-LEACHING CONCEPT Introduction Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy-Leaching Air Templates Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy-Leaching Ice Template Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Synthesized by Easy Selective-Leaching Method Other Easy-Leaching Concepts in the Synthesis of Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Summary INTEGRATIVE CHEMISTRY ROUTES TOWARD ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL HIERARCHICAL FOAMS Introduction Organic-Inorganic PolyHIPEs Prepared from Water-in-Oil Emulsions Organic-Inorganic PolyHIPEs Prepared from Direct Emulsions Particles-Stabilized PolyHIPE Conclusion and Perspectives HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS COATINGS AND MEMBRANES Introduction The Multiple Templating Strategy Dynamic Templating Building Block Assemblies for Photonic Band Gap Materials Ink-Jet Printing and Cooperative Self-Assembly Foaming Processes Filtration Membranes Conclusion SELF-FORMATION PHENOMENON TO HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS Introduction History of Self-Formation Phenomenon Features of Self-Formation Phenomenon Structural Features of Hierarchical Porous Materials Based on the Self-Formation Phenomenon The Mechanism of Self-Formation Procedure Controlled Synthesis Based on the Self-Formation Phenomena Development of Synthesis Methodology Applications and Hierarchical Catalysis Summary AUTO-GENERATED HIERARCHICAL MESO-MACROPOROUS ALUMINOSILICATE MATERIALS WITH HIGH TETRAHEDRAL AL CONTENT FROM THE SINGLE-MOLECULAR ALKOXY-PRECURSOR (SMAP) STRATEGY Introduction Hierarchically Structured Meso-Macroporous Aluminosilicates Conclusion ZEOLITES WITH HIERARCHICALLY POROUS STRUCTURE: MESOPOROUS ZEOLITES Introduction Mesoporous Zeolites Formed by Posttreatments Mesoporous Zeolites Created by Solid Templates Mesoporous Zeolites Created by Soft Templates Functionalization of Mesoporous Zeolites Perspectives in the Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Zeolites MICRO-MACROPOROUS STRUCTURED ZEOLITE Introduction Hollow Micro-Macroporous Structure Micro-Macroporous Monoliths Conclusion and Remarks PART III: Emerging Applications of Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials Hierarchically Porous Materials in Catalysis Introduction Acid Catalyst Titanosilicates Conclusions and Outlook HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS: APPLICATION TO SEPARATION SCIENCES Introduction Separation Medium for HPLC Variations in Column Format and Pore Structures Products Summary COLLOIDAL PHOTONIC CRYSTALS: FABRICATION AND APPLICATIONS Photonic Crystals Colloidal Self-Assembly Approach to Photonic Crystals Optical Doping in Colloidal Photonic Crystals Band-Gap Engineering in Colloidal Photonic Crystals Photonic Devices Based on Colloidal Photonic Crystals Outlook HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE Introduction Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials for Energy Conversion Hierarchically Structured Porous Materials for Energy Storage Conclusion and Outlook HIERARCHICALLY STRUCTURED POROUS MATERIALS-APPLICATIONS IN BIOCHEMISTRY: BIOCERAMICS, LIFE SCIENCE, AND DRUG DELIVERY Introduction Bioceramics Life Science Drug Delivery Three-Dimensional Scaffolds ON THE OPTIMAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIERARCHICAL BIOMATERIALS Introduction Mechanics of Materials of First-Level Hierarchy Mechanics of Materials of the Higher Level Hierarchy Results and Discussion PART IV: Conclusion CONCLUDING REMARKS Index