Diffuse Optical Tomography: Principles and Applications

Written by an authority involved in the field since its nascent stages, Diffuse Optical Tomography: Principles and Applications is a long-awaited profile of a revolutionary imaging method. Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) provides spatial distributions of intrinsic tissue optical properties or molecular contrast agents through model-based reconstruction algorithms using NIR measurements along or near the boundary of tissue. Despite the practical value of DOT, many engineers from electrical or applied mathematics backgrounds do not have a sufficient understanding of its vast clinical applications and portability value, or its uncommon advantages as a tool for obtaining functional, cellular, and molecular parameters. A collection of the author’s research and experience, this book fuses historical perspective and experiential anecdotes with fundamental principles and vital technical information needed to successfully apply this technology—particularly in medical imaging. This reference finally outlines how to use DOT to create experimental image systems and adapt the results of laboratory studies for use in clinical applications including: Early-stage detection of breast tumors and prostate cancer "Real-time" functional brain imaging Joint imaging to treat progressive diseases such as arthritis Monitoring of tumor response New contrast mechanisms and multimodality methods This book covers almost every aspect of DOT—including reconstruction algorithms based on nonlinear iterative Newton methods, instrumentation and calibration methods in both continuous-wave and frequency domains, and important issues of imaging contrast and spatial resolution. It also addresses phantom experiments and the development of various image-enhancing schemes, and it describes reconstruction methods based on contrast agents and fluorescence DOT. Offering a concise description of the particular problems involved in optical tomography, this reference illustrates DOT’s fundamental foundations and the principle of image reconstruction. It thoroughly explores computational methods, forward mathematical models, and inverse strategies, clearly illustrating solutions to key equations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction Diffuse Optical Tomography Image Reconstruction Reconstruction Algorithms Introduction/Historical Account Reconstruction Algorithm Experimental Materials and Methods Results Discussion Instrumentation and Calibration Methods Introduction/Historical Account Single-Wavelength Automatic Scanning DOT System Three-Wavelength Multi-channel DOT System Ten-Wavelength 64x64-Channel DOT System Computational-based Calibration Method Hybrid Calibration Method Contrast, Spatial Resolution, and Uniqueness of Inverse Solution Introduction/Historical Account Contrast, Spatial Resolution and Multiple Targets Uniqueness and Cross-talk Issues in DOT Image Enhancement Schemes Introduction/Historical Account Total Variation Minimization Scheme Dual Mesh Scheme Adaptive Mesh Scheme Reconstruction based on the third-order diffusion equations Modified Newton Method Fluorescence and Bioluminescence DOT Introduction/Historical Account Fluorescence DOT Fluorescence DOT using an oxygen-sensitive dye DOT-Guided fluorescence DOT of arbitrarily shaped objects Bioluminescence DOT DOT-Guided Bioluminescence Tomography New Contrast Mechanisms and Multi-Modality Approaches Introduction/Historical Account Phase-Contrast DOT Enhanced Phase-Contrast DOT: Two-Step Multi-Region Approach Multi-spectral Cellular DOT Multi-Modality Approaches: Ultrasound Tomography-Guided DOT Multi-Modality Approaches: X-Ray-Guided DOT Clinical Applications and Animal Studies Introduction/Historical Account Breast Imaging Joint Imaging Brain Imaging