Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This book provides an extensive coverage of the design of reinforced concrete structures in accordance with the current Indian code of practice (IS 456: 2000). As some of the Indian code provisions are outdated, the American code provisions are provided, wherever necessary. In addition, an attempt is made to integrate the provisions of IS 456 with earthquake code (IS 13920), as more than 60% of India falls under moderate or severe earthquake zones. The text is based on the limit state approach to design and covers areas such as the properties of concrete, design of various structural elements such as compression and tension members, beams & slabs, and design for flexure, shear torsion, uni-axial and biaxial bending and interaction of these forces. Each chapter features solved examples, review questions, and practice problems as well as ample illustrations that supplement the text. An exhaustive list of references as well as appendices on strut-and-tie-method, properties of soils, and practical tips add value to the rich contents of book.

Table of Contents:
PREFACE ; NOTATIONS/SYMBOLS ; CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO REINFORCED CONCRETE ; 1.1 INTRODUCTION ; 1.1.1 BRIEF HISTORY ; 1.1.2 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ; 1.2 CONCRETE - MAKING MATERIALS ; 1.2.1 CEMENT (PORTLAND CEMENT AND OTHER CEMENTS) ; 1.2.2 AGGREGATES ; 1.2.3 WATER ; 1.2.4 ADMIXTURES ; 1.2.5.1 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES ; 1.2.5.2 MINERAL ADMIXTURES ; 1.3 PROPORTIONING OF CONCRETE MIXES ; 1.4 HYDRATION OF CEMENT ; 1.5 TYPES OF CONCRETE ; 1.5.1 READY MIXED CONCRETE ; 1.5.2 HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE ; 1.5.2.1 SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE ; 1.5.3 STRUCTURAL LIGHT-WEIGHT CONCRETE ; 1.5.3.1 AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE (AAC) ; 1.5.4 FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE ; 1.5.5 DUCTILE FIBER REINFORCED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES (DFRCC) ; 1.5.5.1 ENGINEERED CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES (ECC) ; 1.5.5.2 ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE (UHPC) ; 1.5.5.3 COMPACT REINFORCED COMPOSITES (CRC) ; 1.5.5.4 SIFCON AND SIMCON ; 1.5.6 FERROCEMENT ; 1.6 REINFORCING STEEL ; 1.6.1 CORROSION OF REBARS ; 1.7 CONCRETE PLACING, COMPACTING AND CURING ; 1.8 PROPERTIES OF FRESH AND HARDENED CONCRETE ; 1.8.1 WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE ; 1.8.2 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH ; 1.8.2.1 CUBE AND CYLINDER TESTS ; 1.8.3 STRESS-STRAIN CHARACTERISTICS ; 1.8.4 TENSILE STRENGTH ; 1.8.5 BEARING STRENGTH ; 1.8.6 MODULUS OF ELASTICITY AND POISSON'S RATIO ; 1.8.7 STRENGTH UNDER COMBINED STRESSES ; 1.8.8 SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ; 1.8.9 CREEP OF CONCRETE ; 1.8.10 NON- DESTRUCTIVE TESTING ; 1.9 DURABILITY OF CONCRETE ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; REFERENCES ; CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURAL FORMS ; 2.1 BASIC STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS ; 2.2 FLOORS AND ROOF SYSTEMS ; 2.3 PRECAST CONCRETE BUILDINGS ; 2.4 LATERAL LOAD RESISTING SYSTEMS ; 2.5 STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY ; 2.6 SYSTEMS FOR BRIDGES ; 2.7 SHELLS AND FOLDED PLATES ; 2.8 CONTAINMENT STRUCTURES ; 2.9 CHIMNEYS AND TOWERS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; CHAPTER 3 LOADING AND LOAD COMBINATIONS ; 3.1 CHARACTERISTIC ACTIONS (LOADS) ; 3.2 DEAD LOADS ; 3.3 IMPOSED LOADS ; 3.3.1 CONSIDERATION OF SLAB LOADS ON BEAMS ; 3.3.2 CONSIDERATION OF WALL LOADS ON BEAMS ; 3.4 IMPACT LOADS ; 3.5 SNOW & ICE LOADS ; 3.6 WIND LOADS ; 3.6.1 VORTEX-SHEDDING ; 3.6.2 DYNAMIC EFFECTS ; 3.6.3 WIND EFFECTS ON TALL BUILDINGS ; 3.7 EARTHQUAKE LOADS ; 3.7.1 NATURAL FREQUENCIES ; 3.7.2 THE EQUIVALENT STATIC METHOD ; 3.7.3 RULES TO BE FOLLOWED FOR BUILDINGS IN SEISMIC AREAS ; 3.7.4 DEVICES TO REDUCE EARTHQUAKE EFFECTS ; 3.8 OTHER LOADS AND EFFECTS ; 3.8.1 FOUNDATION MOVEMENTS ; 3.8.2 THERMAL AND SHRINKAGE EFFECTS ; 3.8.2.1 SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE REINFORCEMENT ; 3.8.2.2 SHRINKAGE STRIP AND SHRINKAGE COMPENSATING CONCRETE ; 3.8.3 SOIL AND HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE ; 3.8.4 ERECTION AND CONSTRUCTION LOADS ; 3.8.5 FLOOD LOADS ; 3.8.6 AXIAL SHORTENING OF COLUMNS ; 3.9 PATTERN LOADING ; 3.10 LOAD COMBINATIONS ; 3.10.1 LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR NON-ORTHOGONAL BUILDINGS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; EXERCISES ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; REFERENCES ; CHAPTER 4 THE BASIS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN ; 4.1 STEPS INVOLVED IN THE CONSTRUCTION ; 4.2 ROLE AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE DESIGNER ; 4.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ; 4.3.1 SAFETY ; 4.3.2 STABILITY ; 4.3.3 SERVICEABILITY ; 4.3.4 ECONOMY ; 4.3.5 DURABILITY ; 4.3.5.1 CURING ; 4.3.5.2 COVER ; 4.3.5.3 CONTROLLED PERMEABILITY FORMWORK (CPF) SYSTEMS ; 4.3.6 AESTHETICS ; 4.3.7 ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLINESS ; 4.3.7.1 GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE ; 4.3.8 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ; 4.3.9 DUCTILITY ; 4.4 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ; 4.4.1 RELATIVE STIFFNESS ; 4.4.2 REDISTRIBUTION OF MOMENTS ; 4.5 CODES AND SPECIFICATIONS ; 4.6 DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES ; 4.6.1 WORKING STRESS METHOD (WSM) ; 4.6.2 ULTIMATE LOAD DESIGN (ULD) ; 4.6.3 LIMIT STATES DESIGN ; 4.6.3.1 UNCERTAINTIES IN DESIGN ; 4.6.3.2 LIMIT STATES ; 4.6.3.3 LEVELS OF RELIABILITY METHODS ; 4.6.3.4 CHARACTERISTIC LOAD AND CHARACTERISTIC STRENGTH ; 4.6.4 SAMPLING AND ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA ; 4.7 LIMIT STATES METHOD (LSM) ; 4.7.1 LIMIT STATE OF STRENGTH ; 4.7.1.1MULTIPLE SAFETY FACTOR FORMAT ; 4.7.1.2 LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN FORMAT ; 4.7.1.3 PARTIAL SAFETY FACTOR FORMAT ; 4.7.2 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES ; 4.7.2.1 DEFLECTIONS AND CRACK WIDTHS ; 4.7.2.2 VIBRATION ; 4.8 DESIGN BY USING MODEL AND LOAD TESTS ; 4.9 THE STRUT-AND-TIE MODEL ; 4.10 PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN ; SUMMARY ; EXAMPLES ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; REFERENCES ; CHAPTER 5 FLEXURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BEAMS ; 5.1 BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS IN BENDING ; 5.1.1 UNCRACKED SECTION ; 5.1.2 CRACKING MOMENT ; 5.1.3 CRACKED SECTION ; 5.1.4 YIELDING OF TENSION REINFORCEMENT AND COLLAPSE ; 5.2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR FLEXURE ; 5.3 ANALYSIS OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR SECTIONS ; 5.3.1 ASSUMPTIONS MADE TO CALCULATE ULTIMATE MOMENT OF RESISTANCE ; 5.3.2 DESIGN BENDING MOMENT CAPACITY OF RECTANGULAR SECTION ; 5.3.3 BALANCED, UNDER AND OVER- REINFORCED SECTIONS ; 5.3.4 DEPTH OF NEUTRAL AXIS ; 5.3.4.1 LIMITING VALUES OF XU/D ; 5.3.5 RESISTING MOMENT STRENGTH FOR BALANCED SECTION ; 5.4 DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR SECTIONS ; 5.4.1 MINIMUM DEPTH FOR GIVEN MU ; 5.4.2 LIMITING PERCENTAGE OF STEEL ; 5.4.3 FACTORS AFFECTING ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY ; 5.4.4 MINIMUM TENSION REINFORCEMENT ; 5.4.5 MAXIMUM FLEXURAL STEEL ; 5.4.5.1 TENSION AND COMPRESSION CONTROLLED SECTIONS ; 5.4.6 SLENDERNESS LIMITS FOR RECTANGULAR BEAMS ; 5.4.7 GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING DIMENSIONS AND REINFORCEMENT OF BEAMS ; 5.4.8 PROCEDURE FOR PROPORTIONING A SECTION FOR GIVEN LOADS ; 5.4.9 DESIGN OF OVER-REINFORCED SECTION ; 5.4.10 DESIGN USING CHARTS AND DESIGN AIDS ; 5.5 DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS ; 5.5.1 BEHAVIOUR OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS ; 5.5.2 ANALYSIS OF DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS ; 5.5.3 LIMITING MOMENT OF RESISTANCE AND COMPRESSION STEEL ; 5.5.4 DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS ; 5.5.5 DESIGN USING CHARTS AND DESIGN AIDS ; 5.6 FLANGED BEAMS ; 5.6.1 EFFECTIVE WIDTH OF FLANGE ; 5.6.2 BEHAVIOUR OF FLANGED BEAMS ; 5.6.3 ANALYSIS OF FLANGED BEAMS ; 5.6.4 MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM STEEL ; 5.6.4.1 TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT IN FLANGE ; 5.6.4.2 FLEXURAL TENSION REINFORCEMENT ; 5.6.5 DOUBLY REINFORCED FLANGED BEAMS ; 5.6.6 DESIGN OF FLANGED BEAMS ; 5.6.6.1 FLANGED BEAM UNDER NEGATIVE MOMENT ; 5.6.6.2 FLANGED BEAM UNDER POSITIVE MOMENT ; 5.6.7 DESIGN OF FLANGED BEAMS USING CHARTS AND DESIGN AIDS ; 5.6.8 DESIGN OF L-BEAMS ; 5.7 MINIMUM FLEXURAL DUCTILITY ; 5.8 DEEP BEAMS ; 5.9 WIDE-SHALLOW BEAMS ; 5.10 HIDDEN BEAMS ; 5.11 LINTEL AND PLINTH BEAMS ; 5.12 HIGH STRENGTH STEEL AND HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE ; 5.13 FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF BEAMS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTION ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 6 DESIGN FOR SHEAR ; INTRODUCTION ; 6.1 BEHAVIOUR OF RC BEAMS UNDER SHEAR ; 6.1.1 BEHAVIOUR OF UNCRACKED BEAM ; 6.1.2 SHEAR BEHAVIOUR OF BEAMS WITHOUT SHEAR REINFORCEMENT ; 6.1.3 TYPES OF SHEAR OR WEB REINFORCEMENT ; 6.1.4 BEHAVIOUR OF BEAMS WITH SHEAR OR WEB REINFORCEMENTS ; 6.2 SIZE EFFECT ; 6.3 MODIFIED COMPRESSION FIELD THEORY ; 6.4 DESIGN SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE IN BEAMS ; 6.4.1 FACTORS AFFECTING SHEAR STRENGTH ; 6.4.2 MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS ; 6.5. CRITICAL SECTION FOR SHEAR ; 6.5.1 ENHANCED SHEAR STRENGTH NEAR SUPPORTS ; 6.6 MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM SHEAR REINFORCEMENT ; 6.6.1 UPPER LIMIT ON AREA OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT ; 6.7 DESIGN OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT ; 6.7.1 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENT ; 6.7.2 DESIGN AIDS ; 6.7.3 ANCHORING OF SHEAR STIRRUPS ; 6.8 SHEAR DESIGN OF FLANGED BEAMS ; 6.9 BEAMS OF VARYING DEPTH ; 6.10 BEAMS LOCATED IN EARTHQUAKE ZONES ; 6.11 HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE AND HIGH STRENGTH STEEL ; 6.12 SHEAR STRENGTH OF MEMBERS WITH AXIAL FORCE ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 7 DESIGN FOR EFFECTIVE BOND BETWEEN CONCRETE AND STEEL ; INTRODUCTION ; 7.1 LOCAL OR FLEXURAL BOND STRESS ; 7.2 AVERAGE OR ANCHORAGE (DEVELOPMENT) BOND STRESS ; 7.3 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH ; 7.4 BOND FAILURE AND BOND STRENGTH ; 7.5 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF TENSION BARS ; 7.6 DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF COMPRESSION BARS ; 7.7 EQUIVALENT DEVELOPMENT LENGTH OF HOOKS AND BENDS ; 7.8 SPLICING OF REINFORCEMENT ; EXAMPLE ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 8 DESIGN FOR MEMBERS IN TORSION ; INTRODUCTION ; 8.1 EQUILIBRIUM AND COMPATIBILITY TORSION ; 8.2 BEHAVIOR OF BEAMS IN TORSION ; 8.3 DESIGN STRENGTH IN TORSION ; 8.4 INTERACTION CURVES FOR COMBINED FLEXURE AND TORSION ; 8.5 INTERACTION CURVES FOR COMBINED SHEAR AND TORSION ; 8.6 INDIAN CODE PROVISIONS FOR DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE REINFORCEMENT ; 8.7 DETAILING OF TORSION STEEL ; 8.8 TORSION IN CURVED BEAMS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 9 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES: DEFLECTION AND CRACKING ; INTRODUCTION ; 9.1 DESIGN FOR LIMIT STATE OF DEFLECTION ; 9.2 EMPIRICAL METHOD OF DEFLECTION CONTROL ; 9.3 LONG- TERM DEFLECTIONS ; 9.4 EMPIRICAL METHOD OF CONTROL OF CRACKING ; 9.5 BAR SPACING RULES FOR BEAMS ; 9.6 BAR SPACING RULES FOR SLABS ; 9.7 MINIMUM STEEL FOR CRACK CONTROL ; 9.8 SLENDERNESS LIMITS FOR BEAMS FOR STABILITY ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 10 DESIGN OF ONE-WAY SLABS ; INTRODUCTION ; 10.1 ANALYSIS OF ONE-WAY SLABS USING COEFFICIENTS ; 10.2 SHEAR IN SLABS ; 10.3 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR ONE-WAY SLABS ; 10.4 CONCENTRATED LOAD ON ONE-WAY SLABS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 11 DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS ; INTRODUCTION ; 11.1 TWO-WAY ACTION OF SLABS ; 11.2 WALL AND BEAM SUPPORTED TWO-WAY SLABS ; 11.3 MOMENT IN TWO-WAY RESTRAINED SLABS ; 11.4 DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENTS ; 11.5 SHEAR FORCES IN TWO-WAY SLABS ; 11.6 PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLABS ; 11.7 CONCENTRATED LOADS ON TWO-WAY SLABS ; 11.8 DESIGN OF NON-RECTANGULAR SLABS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 12 LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE FOR MEMBERS IN COMPRESSION ; INTRODUCTION ; 12.1 CLASSIFICATION OF COLUMNS ; 12.2 UNSUPPORTED AND EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF COLUMNS ; 12.3 SLENDERNESS LIMITS FOR COLUMNS ; 12.4 CODAL REQUIREMENTS ON MINIMUM ECCENTRICITIES AND REINFORCEMENT ; 12.5 DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED SHORT COLUMNS ; 12.5.1 DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL STEEL ; 12.5.2 DESIGN OF LATERAL TIES ; 12.6 DESIGN OF SHORT COLUMNS WITH AXIAL LOAD AND UNIAXIAL BENDING ; 12.7 DESIGN OF SHORT COLUMNS WITH AXIAL LOAD AND BIAXIAL BENDING ; 12.8 SHEAR IN COLUMNS SUBJECTED TO MOMENTS ; 12.9 DESIGN OF NON-RECTANGULAR COLUMNS ; 12.10 DESIGN OF SLENDER COLUMNS BENT ABOUT BOTH AXES. ; 12.11 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR SLENDER COLUMNS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 13 DESIGN OF FOOTING AND PILE CAPS ; INTRODUCTION ; 13.1 TYPES OF FOOTING ; 13.2 SOIL PRESSURE ON FOUNDATION ; 13.3 PROCEDURE OF INDEPENDENT FOOTINGS ; 13.3.1 PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF FOOTINGS ; 13.3.2 DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTINGS ; 13.3.3 DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR FOOTINGS ; 13.3.4 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTINGS ; 13.3.5 DESIGN OF ECCENTRIC FOOTINGS ; 13.4 DESIGN OF COMBINED FOOTINGS ; 13.5 DESIGN OF PEDESTALS ; 13.6 DESIGN OF PILES ; 13.7 DESIGN OF PILE CAPS ; 13.8 RAFT FOUNDATION ; 13.8.1 PILED RAFT ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 14 DESIGN OF RC WALLS AND SHEAR WALLS ; INTRODUCTION ; 14.1 SLENDERNESS RATIO OF WALLS ; 14.2 DESIGN OF RC WALLS AS PER INDIAN CODE ; 14.3 PROCEDURE FOR DESIGN OF RC WALLS ; 14.4 BASEMENT WALL ; 14.5 TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS ; 14.6 EARTH PRESSURE THEORIES ; 14.7 DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALLS ; 14.8 DESIGN OF COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALLS. ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 15 DESIGN OF STAIRCASES ; INTRODUCTION ; 15.1 TYPES OF STAIRCASES ; 15.2 LOADS ON STAIR SLABS ; 15.3 DESIGN OF STAIR SLABS SPANNING TRANSVERSELY ; 15.4 DESIGN OF STAIR SLABS SPANNING LONGITUDINALLY ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 16 DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS ; INTRODUCTION ; 16.1 DESIGN METHODS FOR MEMBERS IN DIRECT TENSION ; 16.2 ELASTIC METHOD OF DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS ; 16.3 DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR DIRECT TENSION ; 16.4 DESIGN OF MEMBERS IN BENDING-TENSION ; 16.5 INTERACTION CURVES FOR BENDING AND TENSION ; 16.6 DESIGN FOR BENDING, SHEAR AND TENSION ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTION ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 17 DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT ; INTRODUCTION ; 17.1 DETAILED STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS ; 17.2 DETAILING FOR FLEXURAL MEMBERS ; 17.3 DETAILING FOR COLUMNS ; 17.4 DETAILING OF JOINTS ; 17.5 BAR SUPPORTS AND COVER ; 17.6 DEFLECTION CONTROL ; 17.7 DETAILING FOR DUCTILITY ; CHAPTER 18 CASE STUDY OF DESIGN OF A FOUR STOREY BUILDING ; INTRODUCTION ; 18.1 DETAILED STRUCTURAL LAYOUT ; 18.2 ESTIMATION OF LOADS ; 18.3 GRAVITY LOADS ANALYSIS ; 18.4 LATERAL LOAD ANALYSIS ; 18.5 COMPARISON OF MANUAL METHOD WITH ANALYSIS USING A COMPUTER PACKAGE ; 18.6 DESIGN OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS ; 18.7 SERVICEABILITY CHECKS ; 18.8 DESIGN USING COMPUTER PROGRAMS ; 18.9 DETAILING FOR DUCTILITY ; 18.10 PREPARATION OF BAR SCHEDULE ; 18.11 MATERIAL TAKE OFF AND COST ANALYSIS ; CHAPTER 19 DESIGN OF JOINTS ; 19.1 INTRODUCTION ; 19.2 BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS ; 19.2.1 REQUIREMENTS OF BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS ; 19.2.2 DESIGN AND DETAILING OF JOINTS ; 19.2.3 CORNER JOINTS ; 19.2.4 T-JOINTS ; 19.2.5 BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS IN FRAMES ; 19.2.6 DESIGN OF BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS ; 19.2.7 ANCHORAGE OF BARS AT JOINTS ; 19.2.8 CONSTRUCTABILITY ISSUES ; 19.3 BEAM-TO-BEAM JOINTS ; 19.4 DESIGN OF CORBELS ; 19.5 DESIGN OF ANCHORS ; 19.5.1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANCHORS ; 19.5.2 CODE PROVISIONS FOR DESIGN ; 19.5.3 STEEL STRENGTH OF ANCHOR IN TENSION ; 19.5.4 CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH OF ANCHOR IN TENSION ; 19.5.5 PULLOUT STRENGTH IN TENSION ; 19.5.6 CONCRETE SIDE-FACE BLOWOUT STRENGTH IN TENSION ; 19.5.7 FAILURE MODES IN SHEAR LOADING ; 19.5.8 STEEL STRENGTH OF ANCHOR IN SHEAR ; 19.5.9 CONCRETE BREAKOUT STRENGTH OF ANCHOR IN SHEAR ; 19.5.10 CONCRETE PRYOUT STRENGTH OF ANCHOR IN SHEAR ; 19.5.11 BOND STRENGTH OF ADHESIVE ANCHOR IN TENSION ; 19.5.12 REQUIRED STRENGTH OF ANCHORS ; 19.5.13 INTERACTION OF TENSILE AND SHEAR FORCES ; 19.5.14 SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS ; 19.5.15 INFLUENCE OF REINFORCEMENTS TO RESIST SHEAR ; 19.5.16 REQUIRED EDGE DISTANCES AND SPACING TO PREVENT SPLITTING OF CONCRETE ; 19.6 OBTUSE ANGLED AND ACUTE ANGLED CORNERS ; EXAMPLES ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTION ; EXERCISES ; CHAPTER 20 DESIGN OF MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS ; 20.1 INTRODUCTION ; 20.2 EXAMPLE FRAME ; 20.3 DETAILED STRUCTURAL LAYOUTS ; 20.4 ESTIMATION OF LOADS ; 20.5 ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE ; 20.6 LOAD COMBINATIONS ; 20.7 RC DESIGN USING STAAD.PRO FOR INDIAN CODES ; 20.8 SERVICEABILITY CHECKS ; 20.9 STRENGTH DESIGN OF COLUMNS ; 20.10 STRENGTH DESIGN OF BEAMS ; 20.11 DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS ; 20.12 DESIGN OF SLABS ; 20.13 STAAD.PRO INPUT FILE ; SUMMARY ; REVIEW QUESTIONS ; EXERCISES ; APPENDICES ; A. PROPERTIES OF SOILS ; B. ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF STRUCTURES ; C. DESIGN USING STRUT-AND-TIE MODEL ; D. DESIGN AIDS ; E. PRACTICAL TIPS ; REFERENCES ; INDEX