Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer: Emerging Topics

The main focus of this book is to introduce computational methods for fluid flow and heat transfer to scientists, engineers, educators, and graduate students who are engaged in developing and/or using computer codes. The topic ranges from basic methods such as a finite difference, finite volume, finite element, large eddy simulation, and direct numerical simulation to advanced, and Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). The objective is to present the current state-of-the-art for simulating fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in engineering applications. Heat transfer and fluid flow issues are of great significance and it is likely that a state-of-the-art edited book with reference to new and innovative numerical methods will make a contribution for researchers in both academia and research organizations, as well as industrial scientists and college students. The book contains 12 chapters written by eminent researches in the field, divided into the following four parts: Part I: Finite Volume Method Part II: Finite Element Method Part IV: Turbulent Flow Computations/Large Eddy Simulation/Direct Numerical Simulation Part V: Advanced Simulation Modelling Technologies

Table of Contents:
Contents Finite-Volume Method: A higher-order bounded discretization scheme Introduction; Numerical Formulation; Governing equations; Discretization; Higher-order schemes; Weighted-average coefficient ensuring boundedness; Test Problem and Results; Pure convection of a box-shaped step profile; Sudden expansion of an oblique velocity field in a cavity; Two-dimensional laminar flow over a fence; Conclusions Higher-order numerical schemes for heat, mass, and momentum transfer in fluid flow Introduction; Single-Grid Schemes; New Numerical Simulation Strategy; Novel Multigrid Numerical Procedure; The First Test Problem; Numerical Results of the First Test Problem; The Second Test Problem; Numerical Results of the Second Test Problem; Application of NIMO Scheme to Laminar Flow Problems; Steady laminar flow in pipes; Steady laminar flow over a fence; Application of the NIMO Higher-Order Scheme to the Turbulent Flow in Pipes; Conclusions CFD for industrial turbomachinery designs Introduction; Computational methods in turbomachinery; Grid-free vortex method; Numerical Methods for Incompressible Flow; Numerical Methods for Compressible Flow; Governing Equations for Two-Dimensional Flow; Decomposition of Flux Vector; Governing equations; Special treatment of the artificial dissipation terms and numerical algorithm; Stability Analysis; Applications in Turbine Cascade; C3X turbine cascade; VKI turbine cascade; Numerical Method for Three-Dimensional Flows; Applications of Three-Dimensional Method; Analysis of pitch-width effects on the secondary-flows of turbine blades; Flow around centrifuge compressors scroll tongue; CFD Applications in Turbomachine Design; Flow solver for section analysis; Optimization Finite Element Method The finite element method: discertization and application to heat convection problems Governing Equations; Non-dimensional form of fluid flow equations; Non-dimensional form of turbulent flow equations; Porous media flow: the generalized model equations; The Finite Element Method; Strong and weak forms; Weighted residual approximation; The Galerkin, finite element, method; Characteristic Galerkin scheme for convection-diffusion equation; Stability conditions; Characteristic-based split scheme Equal-order segregated finite-element method for fluid flow and heat transfer simulation Introduction; Finite-Element Description; Two-dimensional elements; Three-dimensional elements; Degenerated elements; Special elements (rod and shell); Governing Equations for Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Problems; General form of governing equations; Discretized equations and solution algorithm; Stabilized method; Formulation of Stabilized Equal-Order Segregated Scheme; Introduction; FEM-based segregated formulation; Data storage and block I/O process; Case Studies; Two-dimensional air cooling box; CPU water cooling analysis Turbulent Flow Computations/Large Eddy Simulation/Direct Numerical Simulation Time-accurate techniques for turbulent heat transfer analysis in complex geometries Introduction; General Form of Conservative Equations; Incompressible constant property assumption; Modeling turbulence; Transformed Equations in Generalized Coordinate Systems; Source terms in rotating systems; Computational Framework; Time-Integration Algorithm; Predictor step; Pressure formulation and corrector step; Integral adjustments at nonmatching boundaries; Discretization of Convection Terms; Large-Eddy Simulations and Subgrid Modeling; Detached Eddy Simulations or Hybrid RANS-LES; Solution of Linear Systems; Parallelization Strategies; Applications On large eddy simulation of turbulent flow and heat transfer in ribbed ducts Introduction; Numerical Method; Results And Discussion; Fully developed pipe flow; Transverse ribbed duct flow; V-shaped ribbed duct flow; Conclusions Recent developments in DNS and modeling of turbulent clows and heat transfer Introduction; Present State of Direct Numerical Simulations; Instantaneous and Reynolds-Averaged Governing Equations for Flow and Heat Transfer; Numerical Procedures of DNS; DNS using high-accuracy finite-difference method; DNS using spectral method; DNS of Turbulent heat Transfer in Channel Flow with Transverse-Rib Roughness: Finite-Difference Method; Heat transfer and skin friction coefficients; Velocity and thermal fields around the rib; Statistical characteristics of velocity field and turbulent structures; Statistical characteristics of thermal field and related turbulent structures; DNS of Turbulent heat Transfer in Channel Flow with Arbitrary Rotating Axes: Spectral Method; Nonlinear Eddy Diffusivity Model for Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flow; Evaluations of existing turbulence models in rotating wall-bounded flows; Proposal of nonlinear eddy diffusivity model for wall-bounded flow; Nonlinear Eddy Diffusivity Model for Wall-Bounded Turbulent Heat Transfer; Evaluations of turbulent heat transfer models in rotating channel flows; Proposal of nonlinear eddy diffusivity model for wall-bounded turbulent heat transfer; Model Performances; Prediction of rotating channel flow using NLEDMM; Prediction of rotating channel-flow heat transfer using NLEDHM; Concluding Remarks Analytical wall-functions of turbulence for complex surface flow phenomena Introduction; Numerical Implementation of Wall Functions; Standard Log-Law Wall-Function (LWF); Analytical Wall-Function (AWF); Basic strategy of the AWF; AWF in non-orthogonal grid system; AWF for rough wall turbulent flow and heat transfer; AWF for permeable walls; AWF for high Prandtl number flows; AWF for high Schmidt number flows; Conclusions; Nomenclature Advanced Simulation Modeling Technologies SPH - a versatile multiphysics modeling tool Introduction; SPH Theory, Formulation, and Benchmarking; SPH theory and formulation; Benchmarking; Control of the Onset of Turbulence in MHD Fluid Flow; MHD flow control; MHD modeling; SPH analysis of magnetic conditions to restrain the transition to turbulence; SPH Numerical Modeling for Ballistic-Diffusive Heat Conduction; Transient heat conduction across thin films; SPH modeling; Boundary treatment; Results; Mesoscopic Pore-Scale SPH Model for Fluid Flow in Porous Media; Modeling strategy; Results and discussion; Concluding Remarks Evaluation of continuous and discrete phase models for simulating submicrometer aerosol transport and deposition Introduction; Models of Airflow and Submicrometer Particle Transport; Chemical species model for particle transport; Discrete phase model; Deposition factors; Numerical methods; Evaluation of Inertial Effects on Submicrometer Aerosols; An Effective Eulerian-Based Model for Simulating Submicrometer Aerosols; Evaluation of the DF-VC Model in an Idealized Airway Geometry; Evaluation of the DF-VC Model in Realistic Airways; Tracheobronchial region; Nasal cavity; Discussion Algorithm stabilization and acceleration in computational fluid dynamics: exploiting recursive properties of fixed point algorithms Introduction; Iterative Methods for Flow Equations; Discrete form of governing equations; Recursive property of iterative methods; Reduced Rank Extrapolation; Numerical Experiments; RRE acceleration of implicit density-based solver; RRE acceleration of explicit density-based solver; RRE acceleration of segregated pressure-based solver; RRE acceleration of coupled pressure-based solver.; Conclusion