CompTIA Linux+ / LPIC-1 Cert Guide: (Exams LX0-103 & LX0-104/101-400 & 102-400)

The LPIC-1 Authorized Cert Guide has a single goal: to help you pass the new version of the Linux Professional Institute LPIC-1 exams. The most comprehensive and time-efficient LPIC-1 study guide available, it's an extraordinarily cost-effective alternative to expensive training: a perfect resource for all LPIC-1 candidates. Authored by a leading LPI insider and long-time Linux trainer, it presents focused, straight-to-the-point coverage of all LPIC-1 exam topics, including: System Architecture Linux Installation and Package Management GNU and Unix Commands Devices, Linux Filesystems, Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Shells, Scripting and Data Management User Interfaces and Desktops Administrative Tasks Essential System Services Networking Fundamentals Security From start to finish, it's organized to help you focus your study time where you need the most help, so you can retain more, and earn higher scores: Pre-chapter "Do I Know This Already" (DIKTA) quizzes help you assess your knowledge of each chapter's content, and decide how much time to spend on each section Foundation Topics sections thoroughly explain concepts and theory, and link them to real-world configurations and commands Key Topics icons flag every figure, table, or list you absolutely must understand and remember Chapter-ending Exam Preparation sections deliver even more exercises and troubleshooting scenarios Two full sample exams offer realistic practice delivered through Pearson's state-of-the-art PCPT test engine

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Installing Linux 3 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 3 Understanding Your Hardware 6      Peripheral Compatibility 7      Enumerating Your Peripherals 7      The Proc Filesystem 8           Friends of procfs 10           Dealing with Integrated Peripherals 10 Laying Out the Hard Drive 11      Partitions and Devices 11      The Root Filesystem 12      Logical Volume Manager (LVM) 14      Commonly Used Mounts 16      Swap Files 16 Working with Boot Managers 17      GRUB Legacy 17      GRUB2 18           Installing GRUB2 18           Using the GRUB2 Command Line 19           Configuring GRUB2 20 Summary 21 Exam Preparation Tasks 22      Review All Key Topics 22      Define Key Terms 22      Review Questions 23 Chapter 2 Boot Process and Runlevels 27 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 27 The Linux Boot Process 30      What Is the Boot Process? 30      Boot Loaders 30      Common Commands at Boot Time 32 Boot Sequence from BIOS to Fully Running System 33      SysVinit 33 systemd 34      Units in systemd 36      systemd Targets and Runlevels 37      Wants and Requires 38 Booting with systemd 38      Upstart 39           Managing System Runlevels 40           Determining the Default Runlevel 40      Setting the Default Runlevels 41      Changing Runlevels 41 Shut Down and Reboot from the Command Line 42      Alerting Users 43 Properly Terminating Processes 44      kill and killall 44      Reloading or “Hanging Up” Processes 45 Logging Boot Events 45 Exam Preparation Tasks 46      Review All Key Topics 46      Define Key Terms 47      Review Questions 47 Chapter 3 Package Install and Management 51 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 51 Software in a Linux System 54      Shared Libraries 54      Working with Shared Libraries 56      Determining Required Libraries 56           Looking for Libraries in Other Places 57 Debian Package Management 58      Managing Local Debian Packages 58           Installing Packages with dpkg 59           Removing Packages 60           Dependency Issues 60           Querying Packages 61           Reconfiguring Packages 63      Using Remote Repositories 64           Installing Remote Packages 64           Working with the Cache 65           Upgrading the System 66           Removing Packages 67           Graphical Managers 67 RPM and YUM Package Management 68      The RPM Database 68           RPM Package Files 69           Package Name Conventions 69      The rpm Command 70           Validation of Packages 71           Installation of Packages 72           Additional Installation Options 72           Verifying a Package’s Integrity 73           Freshening Versus Upgrading 74           Removing Packages 75           Other Removal Options 76      Querying Packages 77      Package Management with YUM 80           Installing Packages 80           Fetching Updates 83           Finding Packages to Install 83      Configuring Yum 84 Summary 86 Exam Preparation Tasks 86      Review All Key Topics 86      Define Key Terms 87      Review Questions 88 Chapter 4 Basic Command Line Usage 91 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 91 What Is a Shell? 93 Global and User Settings 94      Sourcing Versus Executing 94           Executing a Script 94      Sourcing a Script 94      A Login Shell Session 95      A Non-Login Shell Session 96 Using the Command Line 97      There Are Commands and, Well, Commands 97      Structuring Commands 98      Breaking Long Command Lines 98      Command Completion 99      Special Characters in the Shell 99 Controlling Command Execution 100      Possible Exit Statuses 100 Environment Variables and Settings 101      The Path 102      Getting $HOME 102      bash’s History Feature 103      Important History Variables 104 Setting Options in bash 104      Important bash Options 104 Exam Preparation Tasks 105      Review All Key Topics 105      Define Key Terms 106      Review Questions 106 Chapter 5 File Management 109 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 109 Filesystem Overview 112      What Belongs Where 112           The Root of the System 112           Classifying Data 113           Where Programs Live 114 File Management Commands 114      Tips for Working with Linux Files 115      Basic Navigation 115      Advanced Navigation 116      Listing Files and Directories 116      Determining File Types 118      Touching Files 120      Copying Files and Directories 121      Moving Objects 123      Transforming Data Formats 126      Creating and Removing Directories 127      Removing Objects 128 Where Are Those Files? 128      Locating Files with Locate 128      Finding Files 130      Which Command Will Run? 132      Researching a Command 132      Linking Files 133           Symbolic Links 134           Hard Links 135 Backup Commands 136      Using tar 137      Taking Pity on the Unarchiver 139           Useful Creation Options 140           Listing Archive Files 140           Using cpio 141      Compression Utilities 143 Summary 144 Exam Preparation Tasks 144      Review All Key Topics 144      Define Key Terms 145      Review Questions 146 Chapter 6 Text Processing/Advanced Command Line 151 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 151 Working with Input/Output Streams 154      Standard In 154      Standard Out 154      Standard Error 155      Redirection of Streams 156 9780789754554_book.indb vii 11/13/15 5:04 PM viii CompTIA Linux+ / LPIC-1 Cert Guide      Redirecting Standard Input 157      Redirecting Standard Output 157      Redirecting Standard Error 157      Redirection Redux 158 Pipes 159 Executing Multiple Commands 161      Multiple Command Operators 161      Command Substitution 162 Splitting and Processing Streams 163      Splitting Streams with the tee Command 163      Processing Output with the xargs Command 163 Filters 165      Sorting 165      Numbering Lines 166      Tabs 167      Cutting Columns 168      Pasting and Joining 168      Unique Data 169      Heads or Tails? 170      Splitting Files 172      When cat Goes Backward 173      Viewing Binary Files Safely 173 Formatting Commands 174      Translating Files 175      He sed, She sed 176      Getting a grep 178           Examples of Using grep 179      Expanding grep with egrep and fgrep 184 Using Regular Expressions and grep 185 Summary 188 Exam Preparation Tasks 188      Review All Key Topics 188      Define Key Terms 189      Review Questions 189 Chapter 7 Process Management 193 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 193 Managing Processes 196      Viewing Processes 196      What’s the Diff? 197      The free Command 198      Blocks and Buffers 199      Pages, Slabs, and Caches 199      Interpreting Displayed Information from free 200      System Uptime 201 Sending Signals to Processes 202      Killing Processes by PID 203      Killing Processes by Other Criteria 204 Job Control 205 Managing Process Priorities 207 Leaving Programs Running after Logout 209      Using screen for Multiple Console Sessions 210           Taking Control-a of screen Windows 211           Creating Windows in screen 211           Detaching and Reattaching from screen 212           Locking Your Console via screen 213 Summary 213 Exam Preparation Tasks 214      Review All Key Topics 214      Define Key Terms 215      Review Questions 215 Chapter 8 Editing Text 219 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 219 A Tour of the vim Editor 222      The Message Line 222      Editing in vi 222           Opening a File for Editing 223           Navigating Within a File 224           Force Multipliers 225           Undo Operations 225           Saving Files 226           Quitting vi 226           Changing or Replacing Text 227           Deleting Text and Lines 227           The Cut, Copy, and Paste Commands 228           Named and Unnamed Buffers 229      Searching in vi 230           Searching and Replacing 231           Regular Expression Searches 231      Options in vi 232      Advanced vi 234           Running External Commands in vi 234           Joining Lines 234           Split Windows 234 Exam Preparation Tasks 236      Review All Key Topics 236      Review Questions 236 Chapter 9 Partitions and Filesystems 241 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 241 Creating Partitions 244      Partitions 244      Swap 245      Disk Partitioning Tools 245           fdisk 246           gdisk 250           Parted 254 Filesystems 255      Filesystem Types 255      Superblocks 256      Inodes and Files 256      Inodes and Directories 258      Inodes and Disk Space 259      Creating Filesystems 260           The mkfs Command 260           Filesystem Creation Options 261      Advanced Filesystem Commands 263           Filesystem Checker 263           Tuning Filesystems 266           XFS Commands 267           Debugging Filesystems 268           Mounting and Unmounting 269      The Filesystem Table 270           Manually Mounting Filesystems 272           Automatically Mounting Filesystems 273           Unmounting Filesystems 273 Space Utilization 274      Using du 274      Using df 275      Using Disk Quotas 277           Quota Commands and Files 277           Quota Concepts 277           Configuring Quotas 278           Hard and Soft Limits 280           Setting the Grace Period 281           Getting Quota Information 281 Summary 282 Exam Preparation Tasks 282      Review All Key Topics 282      Define Key Terms 284      Review Questions 284 Chapter 10 Permissions and Ownership 289 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 289 Working with Permissions 292      Permission Trio Bits 292 Manipulating Permissions 294      Numeric Mode 294           Symbolic Mode 296 Special File Permissions 297      Special Bit Permissions 298      Setting the SUID Bit on Files 299      Setting the SGID Bit on Files 300      Setting the SGID Bit on Directories 301      Setting the Sticky Bit 302 Finding Files by Permission 302 Default Permissions 303 Changing User Ownership 305 Changing Group Ownership 306 Summary 307 Exam Preparation Tasks 307      Review All Key Topics 307      Define Key Terms 308      Review Questions 308 Chapter 11 Customizing Shell Environments 311 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 311 Working Within the Shell 314      Environment Variables 315      Variable Scope 316           Setting Variables from a Child 316      Setting and Unsetting Variables 317      Subshells 318           The env Wrapper 319 Extending the Shell 320      Global and User Settings 320           A Login Shell Session 321           A Non-Login Shell Session 321      The PATH 322           Aliases and Functions 323           Functions 323      PS1 324           Adding More Dynamic Content 325           PS2 326      Creating New Users (skeleton) 326 Localization and Internationalization 327      Time Zones 327           Displaying Time 328           Setting Time Zones 328      Character Encoding 329      Representing Locales 330           Fallback Locales 331      Contents of a Locale 331      How Linux Uses the Locale 332           Converting Files Between Encodings 334 Exam Preparation Tasks 334      Review All Key Topics 334      Define Key Terms 335      Review Questions 335 Chapter 12 Shell Scripting 339 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 339 Basics of Scripting 342      Running a Script 343      Good Design 343      Managing Your Scripts 344 Shell Script Commands 344      Use the Output of Another Command 344      Do Math 345      Conditions 346      Testing Files 348      An Easier Test Syntax 348      Testing Strings 349      Testing Integers 350      Combining Multiple Tests 351      Case Statements 351      Loops 353           For Loops 353           Sequences 354           While Loops 355           Reading from stdin in a Loop 356      Interacting with Other Programs 356      Returning an Error Code 357      Accepting Arguments 357      Transferring Control to Another Program 358 Exam Preparation Tasks 359      Review All Key Topics 359      Define Key Terms 360      Review Questions 360 Chapter 13 Basic SQL Management 365 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 365 Database Basics 368      Types of Databases 368           Key-Value Databases 368           Relational Databases 369           Schemaless Databases 370 Learning SQL 371      Using SQLite 371      SQL Basics 372           Keywords Versus Data 372      Selecting Data 373           Being Choosy 374           Multiple Conditions 376           Sorting 377      Limiting Results 378      Working with Multiple Tables 378           Writing Queries with Joins 379           Cleaning Up the Query 381      Advanced Joins 381           Left Versus Right Joins 384           Null 384      Subselects 385      Grouping Data 386      Inserting Data 387      Updating Data 388      Deleting Data 388      Creating Tables 388 Summary 390 Exam Preparation Tasks 390      Review All Key Topics 390      Define Key Terms 391      Review Questions 392 Chapter 14 Configuring User Interfaces and Desktops 397 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 397 Quick Overview of X 400      How X Works 400           Window Managers 401           Linux Desktops 402 The Xorg System 402      The Xorg Configuration File 402      Fonts in X 405      Tuning X 406 X Display Managers 408 Into and Out of X 409 Accessibility Options 410      Sticky/Repeat Keys 410      Slow/Bounce/Toggle Keys 411      Mouse Keys 411      High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes 412      Screen Reader 412      Braille Display 413      Screen Magnifier 413      Onscreen Keyboard 413 Remote Clients 413 Summary 415 Exam Preparation Tasks 415      Review All Key Topics 415      Define Key Terms 415      Review Questions 416 Chapter 15 Managing Users and Groups 419 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 419 User Account Fundamentals 422      What Accounts Are What? 422           Normal User Accounts 423           User Entries in /etc/passwd 423           Special Login Files 424 Group Accounts 425      Group Entries in /etc/group 427      Group Passwords 427 Adding Users and Groups 428      Adding Users with useradd 428      The useradd Defaults 429      Adding Groups with groupadd 431 Modifying Users and Groups 431      Modifying User Accounts with usermod 431      Modifying Groups with groupmod 432 Removing Users and Groups 433      Removing Users 433      Removing Groups 434 The Shadow Suite 435      Encrypted Passwords and Shadow Fields 435      shadow File Permissions 437 Changing Accounts 437      Aging Passwords 438      User Variables 440 Summary 440 Exam Preparation Tasks 441      Review All Key Topics 441      Define Key Terms 442      Review Questions 442 Chapter 16 Schedule and Automate Tasks 445 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 445 The Cron System 447      Configuring crontabs 447           Using the crontab Command 447           Matching Times 448           Spelling Out Month and Day Names 449           Making Multiple Matches 449           Step Values 450           Putting the crontab Together 450           Issues About Path 450           Dealing with Output 451           Nicknames 452      Other Files 452           System crontabs 453           Convenience crontabs 454      Restricting Access 454 Anacron 455 Running Ad-hoc Jobs 456      The at Command 456      The batch Command 458 Summary 459 Exam Preparation Tasks 460      Review All Key Topics 460      Define Key Terms 460      Review Questions 461 Chapter 17 Configuring Print and Email Services 465 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 465 Managing Printers and Printing 467      The Print Spooler 467           Network Printing Protocols 467      The CUPS Daemon 468           The CUPS Pipeline 468      Configuring CUPS 470      CUPS Maintenance 474           Printer State 475           Maintenance and Administration Pull-downs 476           Administration Menu 476           Jobs List 477      Command Line Tools 477           Legacy Tools 477           lp/lpr 478           lpstat 478           lpq 479           lprm 479           CUPS Tools 480           cupsaccept/cupsreject 480           cupsenable/cupsdisable 481           cupsctl 481           Configuration Files 482      Troubleshooting Printing 482           Try Printing from the Command Line 482           Was the Job Queued? 483           Can CUPS Send the Job to the Printer? 483           Turn On Debugging 483 Mail Transfer Agent Basics 484      How Email Flows 484           Mail User Agent 484           Mail Transfer Agent 485           The Language of Email 485           Linux MTAs 486           Domain Name System 487           Mail Delivery Agent 488           Mail Server 488      Creating Aliases and Forwarding Email 489           Committing Changes 489           Other Types of Aliases 490           User-Defined Forwarding 491      Managing Queues 491 Summary 492 Exam Preparation Tasks 492      Review All Key Topics 492      Define Key Terms 493      Review Questions 493 Chapter 18 Logging and Time Services 497 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 497 Maintain System Time 500      Not One, But Two Clocks 500      Working with the System Clock 500      Working with the Hardware Clock 503           The hwclock Command 503           Synchronizing Time Between Clocks 504      Network Time Protocol 504           Setting the Time from the Command Line 505           The pool.ntp.org Servers 505           Configuring ntpd 506           Monitoring ntpd 507 System Logging 508      systemd and syslog 508           syslog 509           The logger Command 512           Configuring syslogd 512           Other syslog Implementations 514      systemd Logging 514           Querying the Log 515           Configuring journald 519 Rotating Logs 520      Configuring Log Rotation 520      Dealing with Open Files 522 Summary 522 Exam Preparation Tasks 523      Review All Key Topics 523      Define Key Terms 524      Review Questions 524 Chapter 19 Networking Fundamentals 529 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 529 Conceptual Overview of Networking 532      Necessary Configuration Information 533      IP Addresses 533      Networks and Hosts 534      Address Class Ranges 534           Using the Bits to Determine Class 535      Network Masks 536      Using Default Network Masks 536      Gateway Addresses, or “Do I Dial with the Area Code?” 537      Broadcast Addresses 538      Custom Network Masks 538      Determining a Custom Network Mask 538      Additional Protocols 541           Common Ports 542      IPv6 544 Managing Interfaces 545      Viewing IP Information 545      Red Hat Interface Configuration 547      Debian Interface Configuration 548      Viewing and Configuring Gateway Addresses 550           Viewing the Default Gateway 550           Configuring a Default Gateway 550           Local Name Configuration 551 Network Configuration Utilities 553      Network Utility Examples 554           The ifconfig Command 555           The route Command 555           DHCP Client Tools 556           The host, getent, and dig Commands 557           Hostname Utilities 559           Using netstat 559           The ping Command 562           Using traceroute 563           Using tcpdump 565 Summary 566 Exam Preparation Tasks 566      Review All Key Topics 566      Define Key Terms 567      Review Questions 567 Chapter 20 System Security 571 “Do I Know This Already?” Quiz 571 Gaining Access to the root Account 574      The su Command 574      The sudo Command 575 Providing Services on Demand 576      Using inetd and xinetd 576      inetd Configuration Files 577      xinetd Configuration Files 578 Using TCP Wrappers for Securing Services 581      inetd and TCP Wrappers 581      xinetd and TCP Wrappers 582      The hosts.allow and hosts.deny Files 582      Wrapper Read Order 583      Format of hosts.allow and hosts.deny 583      Sample Configurations 583      Using Rule Options 585 Understanding Permission Problems 586      Finding Files by Permissions 587 GnuPG Keys 587 Secure Shell 590      SSH Components 591           Using SSH Client Utilities 592 Additional Security Features 596 Summary 597 Exam Preparation Tasks 598      Review All Key Topics 598      Define Key Terms 599      Review Questions 599 Chapter 21 Final Preparation 603 How to Prepare for the LPI Exams 604      Caveat and Warning 604      Exam Objectives 604      Important Exam Facts 605      Right Before Your Exam Starts 605      How to Look at the Objectives 606      Studying for the Exams—What to Do 608      Machines or Virtual Machines? 609      Studying for the Exams—What Not to Do 609      Don’t Believe Everything 610      Don’t Worry, Be Happy 610      LPI Certifications and Distributions 610      You Have to Install Something 611      LPI Exam Question Types 611      Single Answer Multiple Choice 612      Choose Two/Choose Three 613      Choose All That Apply 613      Fill in the Blank 615      Final Recommendations 616 Summary 617 Appendix A Answers to the “Do I Know This Already?” Quizzes and Review Questions 619 Glossary 659 Index 693