Cisco ISE for BYOD and Secure Unified Access

Fully updated: The complete guide to Cisco Identity Services Engine solutions Using Cisco Secure Access Architecture and Cisco Identity Services Engine, you can secure and gain control of access to your networks in a Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) world. This second edition of Cisco ISE for BYOD and Secure Unified Accesscontains more than eight brand-new chapters as well as extensively updated coverage of all the previous topics in the first edition book to reflect the latest technologies, features, and best practices of the ISE solution. It begins by reviewing today’s business case for identity solutions. Next, you walk through ISE foundational topics and ISE design. Then you explore how to build an access security policy using the building blocks of ISE. Next are the in-depth and advanced ISE configuration sections, followed by the troubleshooting and monitoring chapters. Finally, we go in depth on the new TACACS+ device administration solution that is new to ISE and to this second edition. With this book, you will gain an understanding of ISE configuration, such as identifying users, devices, and security posture; learn about Cisco Secure Access solutions; and master advanced techniques for securing access to networks, from dynamic segmentation to guest access and everything in between. Drawing on their cutting-edge experience supporting Cisco enterprise customers, the authors offer in-depth coverage of the complete lifecycle for all relevant ISE solutions, making this book a cornerstone resource whether you’re an architect, engineer, operator, or IT manager. ·         Review evolving security challenges associated with borderless networks, ubiquitous mobility, and consumerized IT ·         Understand Cisco Secure Access, the Identity Services Engine (ISE), and the building blocks of complete solutions ·         Design an ISE-enabled network, plan/distribute ISE functions, and prepare for rollout ·         Build context-aware security policies for network access, devices, accounting, and audit ·         Configure device profiles, visibility, endpoint posture assessments, and guest services ·         Implement secure guest lifecycle management, from WebAuth to sponsored guest access ·         Configure ISE, network access devices, and supplicants, step by step ·         Apply best practices to avoid the pitfalls of BYOD secure access ·         Set up efficient distributed ISE deployments ·         Provide remote access VPNs with ASA and Cisco ISE ·         Simplify administration with self-service onboarding and registration ·         Deploy security group access with Cisco TrustSec ·         Prepare for high availability and disaster scenarios ·         Implement passive identities via ISE-PIC and EZ Connect ·         Implement TACACS+ using ISE ·         Monitor, maintain, and troubleshoot ISE and your entire Secure Access system ·         Administer device AAA with Cisco IOS, WLC, and Nexus  

Table of Contents:
Introduction xxix Part I Identity-Enabled Network: Unite! Chapter 1 Regain Control of Your IT Security 1 Security: Still a Weakest-Link Problem 2 Cisco Identity Services Engine 3 Sources for Providing Identity and Context Awareness 5 Unleash the Power of Centralized Policy 6 Summary 8 Chapter 2 Fundamentals of AAA 9 Triple-A 10 Compare and Select AAA Options 10     Device Administration 11     Network Access 12 TACACS+ 13     TACACS+ Authentication Messages 14     TACACS+ Authorization and Accounting Messages 15 RADIUS 17     AV Pairs 20     Change of Authorization 20 Comparing RADIUS and TACACS+ 21 Summary 21 Chapter 3 Introducing Cisco Identity Services Engine 23 Architecture Approach to Centralized and Dynamic Network Security Policy Enforcement 23 Cisco Identity Services Engine Features and Benefits 26 ISE Platform Support and Compatibility 30 Cisco Identity Services Engine Policy Construct 30 ISE Authorization Rules 33 Summary 34 Part II The Blueprint, Designing an ISE-Enabled Network Chapter 4 The Building Blocks in an Identity Services Engine Design 35 ISE Solution Components Explained 35     Infrastructure Components 36     Policy Components 42     Endpoint Components 42 ISE Personas 43 ISE Licensing, Requirements, and Performance 45     ISE Licensing 45     ISE Requirements 46     ISE Performance 47 ISE Policy-Based Structure Explained 48 Summary 49 Chapter 5 Making Sense of the ISE Deployment Design Options 51 Centralized Versus Distributed Deployment 52     Centralized Deployment 52     Distributed Deployment 55 Summary 58 Chapter 6 Quick Setup of an ISE Proof of Concept 59 Deploy ISE for Wireless in 15 Minutes 59     Wireless Setup Wizard Configuration 60         Guest Self-Registration Wizard 61         Secure Access Wizard 65         Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Wizard 67 Deploy ISE to Gain Visibility in 15 Minutes 69     Visibility Setup Wizard 69         Configuring Cisco Switches to Send ISE Profiling Data 73 Summary 75 Part III The Foundation, Building a Context-Aware Security Policy Chapter 7 Building a Cisco ISE Network Access Security Policy 77 Components of a Cisco ISE Network Access Security Policy 78     Network Access Security Policy Checklist 79     Involving the Right People in the Creation of the Network Access Security Policy 79 Determining the High-Level Goals for Network Access Security 81     Common High-Level Network Access Security Goals 82     Network Access Security Policy Decision Matrix 84 Defining the Security Domains 85 Understanding and Defining ISE Authorization Rules 87     Commonly Configured Rules and Their Purpose 88 Establishing Acceptable Use Policies 89 Host Security Posture Assessment Rules to Consider 91     Sample NASP Format for Documenting ISE Posture Requirements 96     Common Checks, Rules, and Requirements 97     Method for Adding Posture Policy Rules 98         Research and Information 98         Establishing Criteria to Determine the Validity of a Security Posture Check, Rule, or Requirement in Your Organization 99         Method for Determining What Posture Policy Rules a Particular Security Requirement Should Be Applied To 100         Method for Deploying and Enforcing Security Requirements 101 Defining Dynamic Network Access Privileges 102     Enforcement Methods Available with ISE 102     Commonly Used Network Access Policies 103 Summary 105 Chapter 8 Building a Device Security Policy 107 ISE Device Profiling 107     ISE Profiling Policies 109     ISE Profiler Data Sources 110     Using Device Profiles in Authorization Rules 111 Threat-Centric NAC 111     Using TC-NAC as Part of Your Incident Response Process 113 Summary 116 Chapter 9 Building an ISE Accounting and Auditing Policy 117 Why You Need Accounting and Auditing for ISE 117 Using PCI DSS as Your ISE Auditing Framework 118     ISE Policy for PCI 10.1: Ensuring Unique Usernames and Passwords 126     ISE Policy for PCI 10.2 and 10.3: Audit Log Collection 128     ISE Policy for PCI 10.5.3, 10.5.4, and 10.7: Ensure the Integrity and Confidentiality of Audit Log Data 129     ISE Policy for PCI 10.6: Review Audit Data Regularly 130 Cisco ISE User Accounting 131 Summary 132 Part IV Let’s Configure! Chapter 10 Profiling Basics and Visibility 133 Understanding Profiling Concepts 133     ISE Profiler Work Center 137         ISE Profiling Probes 137         Probe Configuration 138         DHCP and DHCPSPAN Probes 140         RADIUS Probe 142         Network Scan (NMAP) Probe 143         DNS Probe 147         SNMPQUERY and SNMPTRAP Probes 148         Active Directory Probe 149         HTTP Probe 150         HTTP Profiling Without Probes 152         NetFlow Probe 152 Infrastructure Configuration 153     DHCP Helper 153     SPAN Configuration 156     VLAN ACL Captures 157     Device Sensor 157     VMware Configurations to Allow Promiscuous Mode 159 Profiling Policies 160     Profiler Feed Service 160         Configuring the Profiler Feed Service 160         Verifying the Profiler Feed Service 162         Offline Manual Update 164     Endpoint Profile Policies 167     Context Visibility 169     Logical Profiles 178 ISE Profiler and CoA 179     Global CoA 180     Per-Profile CoA 181     Global Profiler Settings 182         Configure SNMP Settings for Probes 182         Endpoint Attribute Filtering 182         NMAP Scan Subnet Exclusions 183 Profiles in Authorization Policies 183     Endpoint Identity Groups 183     EndPointPolicy 187     Importing Profiles 187 Verifying Profiling 189     The Dashboard 189         Endpoints Dashboard 189         Context Visibility 190     Device Sensor Show Commands 191 Triggered NetFlow: A Woland-Santuka Pro Tip 191 Summary 194 Chapter 11 Bootstrapping Network Access Devices 195 Cisco Catalyst Switches 195     Global Configuration Settings for Classic IOS and IOS 15.x Switches 196         Configure Certificates on a Switch 196         Enable the Switch HTTP/HTTPS Server 197         Global AAA Commands 198         Global RADIUS Commands 199         Create Local Access Control Lists for Classic IOS and IOS 15.x 202         Global 802.1X Commands 204         Global Logging Commands (Optional) 204         Global Profiling Commands 205     Interface Configuration Settings for Classic IOS and IOS 15.x Switches 207         Configure Interfaces as Switch Ports 208         Configure Flexible Authentication and High Availability 208         Configure Authentication Settings 211         Configure Authentication Timers 212         Apply the Initial ACL to the Port and Enable Authentication 213     Configuration Settings for C3PL Switches 213         Why Use C3PL? 213         Global Configuration for C3PL 216         Global RADIUS Commands for C3PL 217         Configure Local ACLs and Local Service Templates 219         Global 802.1X Commands 220         C3PL Fundamentals 221         Configure the C3PL Policies 222 Cisco Wireless LAN Controllers 225     AireOS Features and Version History 225     Configure the AAA Servers 226         Add the RADIUS Authentication Servers 226         Add the RADIUS Accounting Servers 227         Configure RADIUS Fallback (High Availability) 229     Configure the Airespace ACLs 229         Create the Web Authentication Redirection ACL 230         Add Google URLs for ACL Bypass 231     Create the Dynamic Interfaces for the Client VLANs 232         Create the Employee Dynamic Interface 233         Create the Guest Dynamic Interface 234     Create the Wireless LANs 236         Create the Guest WLAN 236         Create the Corporate SSID 240 Summary 245 Chapter 12 Network Authorization Policy Elements 247 ISE Authorization Policy Elements 247 Authorization Results 251     Configuring Authorization Downloadable ACLs 251     Configuring Authorization Profiles 253 Summary 256 Chapter 13 Authentication and Authorization Policies 257 Relationship Between Authentication and Authorization 257     Enable Policy Sets 258 Authentication Policy Goals 261     Accept Only Allowed Protocols 261     Route to the Correct Identity Store 261     Validate the Identity 261     Pass the Request to the Authorization Policy 262 Understanding Authentication Policies 262     Conditions 263     Allowed Protocols 266         Authentication Protocol Primer 268     Identity Store 271         Options 272     Common Authentication Policy Examples 272         Using the Wireless SSID 272         Remote-Access VPN 277         Alternative ID Stores Based on EAP Type 278 Authorization Policies 280     Goals of Authorization Policies 280         Understanding Authorization Policies 280         Role-Specific Authorization Rules 286     Authorization Policy Example 286         Employee and Corporate Machine Full-Access Rule 286         Internet Only for Mobile Devices 288         Employee Limited Access Rule 292 Saving Attributes for Reuse 295 Summary 297 Chapter 14 Guest Lifecycle Management 299 Overview of ISE Guest Services 301 Hotspot Guest Portal Configuration 302 Sponsored Guest Portal Configuration 304     Create an Active Directory Identity Store 304     Create ISE Guest Types 305     Create Guest Sponsor Groups 307 Authentication and Authorization Guest Policies 310     Guest Pre-Authentication Authorization Policy 310     Guest Post-Authentication Authorization Policy 312 Guest Sponsor Portal Configuration 313     Guest Portal Interface and IP Configuration 313     Sponsor and Guest Portal Customization 313         Sponsor Portal Behavior and Flow Settings 313         Sponsor Portal Page Customization 315         Guest Portal Behavior and Flow Settings 316         Guest Portal Page Customization 317         Creating Multiple Guest Portals 318 Guest Sponsor Portal Usage 318     Sponsor Portal Layout 319     Creating Guest Accounts 320     Managing Guest Accounts 320 Configuration of Network Devices for Guest CWA 321     Wired Switches 321     Wireless LAN Controllers 322 Summary 325 Chapter 15 Client Posture Assessment 327 ISE Posture Assessment Flow 329 Configure Global Posture and Client Provisioning Settings 331     Posture Client Provisioning Global Setup 331     Posture Global Setup 335         Posture General Settings 335         Posture Reassessments 336         Posture Updates 337         Acceptable Use Policy Enforcement 338 Configure the AnyConnect and NAC Client Provisioning Rules 339     AnyConnect Agent with ISE Compliance Module 339     AnyConnect Posture Profile Creation 340     AnyConnect Configuration File Creation 341     AnyConnect Client Provisioning Policy 343 Configure the Client Provisioning Portal 343 Configure Posture Elements 345     Configure Posture Conditions 345     Configure Posture Remediations 349     Configure Posture Requirements 353 Configure Posture Policy 355 Configure Host Application Visibility and Context Collection (Optional) 357 Enable Posture Client Provisioning and Assessment in Your ISE Authorization Policies 359     Posture Client Provisioning 359     Authorization Based On Posture Compliance 360 Posture Reports and Troubleshooting 361 Enable Posture Assessment in the Network 362 Summary 363 Chapter 16 Supplicant Configuration 365 Comparison of Popular Supplicants 366 Configuring Common Supplicants 367     Mac OS X 10.8.2 Native Supplicant Configuration 367     Windows GPO Configuration for Wired Supplicant 369     Windows 7, 8/8.1, and 10 Native Supplicant Configuration 373     Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client NAM 377 Summary 382 Chapter 17 BYOD: Self-Service Onboarding and Registration 383 BYOD Challenges 384 Onboarding Process 386     BYOD Onboarding 386         Dual SSID 387         Single SSID 387         Configuring NADs for Onboarding 388         ISE Configuration for Onboarding 392         End-User Experience 393         Configuring ISE for Onboarding 408         BYOD Onboarding Process Detailed 423     MDM Onboarding 429         Integration Points 430         Configuring MDM Integration 431         Configuring MDM Onboarding Policies 433 The Opposite of BYOD: Identify Corporate Systems 435 EAP Chaining 436 Summary 437 Chapter 18 Setting Up and Maintaining a Distributed ISE Deployment 439 Configuring ISE Nodes in a Distributed Environment 439     Make the Policy Administration Node a Primary Device 440     Register an ISE Node to the Deployment 442     Ensure the Persona of All Nodes Is Accurate 445 Understanding the HA Options Available 446     Primary and Secondary Nodes 446         Monitoring & Troubleshooting Nodes 446         Policy Administration Nodes 448     Policy Service Nodes and Node Groups 450         Create a Node Group 451         Add the Policy Service Nodes to the Node Group 452     Using Load Balancers 453         General Guidelines 454         Failure Scenarios 455     Anycast HA for ISE PSNs 456 Cisco IOS Load Balancing 459 Maintaining ISE Deployments 460     Patching ISE 460     Backup and Restore 462 Summary 463 Chapter 19 Remote Access VPN and Cisco ISE 465 Introduction to VPNs 465 Client-Based Remote Access VPN 468     Configuring a Client-Based RA-VPN on the Cisco ASA 469         Download the Latest AnyConnect Headend Packages 470         Prepare the Headend 471         Add an AnyConnect Connection Profile 473         Add the ISE PSNs to the AAA Server Group 478         Add a Client Address Pool 481         Perform Network Reachability Tasks 484     Configure ISE for the ASA VPN 487     Testing the Configuration 488         Perform a Basic AAA Test 488         Log In to the ASA Web Portal 490         Connect to the VPN via AnyConnect 492 Remote Access VPN and Posture 494     RA-VPN with Posture Flows 495         Adding the Access Control Lists to ISE and the ASA 496         Adding Posture Policies to the VPN Policy Set 499         Watching It Work 501 Extending the ASA Remote Access VPN Capabilities 507     Double Authentication 507     Certificate-Based Authentication 509         Provisioning Certificates 509         Authenticating the VPN with Certificates 515         Connecting to the VPN via CertProfile 518 Summary 519 Chapter 20 Deployment Phases 521 Why Use a Phased Approach? 521     A Phased Approach 523     Authentication Open Versus Standard 802.1X 524 Monitor Mode 526     Prepare ISE for a Staged Deployment 527         Create the Network Device Groups 528         Create the Policy Sets 529 Low-Impact Mode 530 Closed Mode 532 Transitioning from Monitor Mode to Your End State 534 Wireless Networks 535 Summary 535 Part V Advanced Secure Access Features Chapter 21 Advanced Profiling Configuration 537 Profiler Work Center 537 Creating Custom Profiles for Unknown Endpoints 538     Identifying Unique Values for an Unknown Device 539     Collecting Information for Custom Profiles 541     Creating Custom Profiler Conditions 542     Creating Custom Profiler Policies 543 Advanced NetFlow Probe Configuration 544     Commonly Used NetFlow Attributes 546     Example Profiler Policy Using NetFlow 546     Designing for Efficient Collection of NetFlow Data 547     Configuration of NetFlow on Cisco Devices 548 Profiler CoA and Exceptions 550     Types of CoA 551     Creating Exceptions Actions 552     Configuring CoA and Exceptions in Profiler Policies 552 Profiler Monitoring and Reporting 553 Summary 556 Chapter 22 Cisco TrustSec AKA Security Group Access 557 Ingress Access Control Challenges 558     VLAN Assignment 558     Ingress Access Control Lists 560 What Is TrustSec? 562     So, What Is a Security Group Tag? 562         Defining the SGTs 564         Classification 565         Dynamically Assigning an SGT via 802.1X 566         Manually Assigning an SGT at the Port 567         Manually Binding IP Addresses to SGTs 568         Access Layer Devices That Do Not Support SGTs 569 Transport: SGT eXchange Protocol (SXP) 569     SXP Design 570         Configuring SXP on IOS Devices 572         Configuring SXP on Wireless LAN Controllers 573         Configuring SXP on Cisco ASA 576         Configuring SXP on ISE 578 Transport: pxGrid 579 Transport: Native Tagging 580     Configuring Native SGT Propagation (Tagging) 581         Configuring SGT Propagation on Cisco IOS Switches 582         Configuring SGT Propagation on a Catalyst 6500 584         Configuring SGT Propagation on a Nexus Series Switch 586 Enforcement 587     Traffic Enforcement with SGACLs 588         Creating TrustSec Matrices in ISE 590     Traffic Enforcement with Security Group Firewalls 591         Security Group Firewall on the ASA 591         Security Group Firewall on the ISR and ASR 592 Summary 592 Chapter 23 Passive Identities, ISE-PIC, and EasyConnect 593 Passive Authentication 594 Identity Sharing 596     Tenet 1: Learn 598         Active Directory 598         Syslog Sources 611         REST API Sources 614         Learning More Is Critical 615     Tenet 2: Share 615         pxGrid 616         CDA-RADIUS 617     Tenet 3: Use 617         Integration Details 618         Integration Summary 623     Tenet 4: Update 623         Logoff Detection with the Endpoint Probe 623         WMI Update Events 625         Session Timeouts 625 ISE Passive Identity Connector 626 EasyConnect 628 Summary 630 Chapter 24 ISE Ecosystems: The Platform eXchange Grid (pxGrid) 631 The Many Integration Types of the Ecosystem 632     MDM Integration 632     Rapid Threat Containment 632     Platform Exchange Grid 635 pxGrid in Action 637     Configuring ISE for pxGrid 639     Configuring pxGrid Participants 642         Configuring Firepower Management Center for pxGrid 642         Configuring the Web Security Appliance for pxGrid 649         Configuring Stealthwatch for pxGrid 652 Summary 658 Part VI Monitoring, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting for Network Access AAA Chapter 25 Understanding Monitoring, Reporting, and Alerting 659 ISE Monitoring 660     Cisco ISE Home Page 660     Context Visibility Views 663     RADIUS Live Logs and Live Sessions 666     Global Search 667     Monitoring Node in a Distributed Deployment 669     Device Configuration for Monitoring 669 ISE Reporting 670     Data Repository Setup 671 ISE Alarms 672 Summary 672 Chapter 26 Troubleshooting 673 Diagnostic Tools 674     RADIUS Authentication Troubleshooting 674     Evaluate Configuration Validator 675     TCP Dump 678     Endpoint Debug 680     Session Trace 682 Troubleshooting Methodology 685     Troubleshooting Authentication and Authorization 685         Log Deduplication 686         Active Troubleshooting 688         Option 1: No Live Logs Entry Exists 689         Option 2: An Entry Exists in the Live Logs 694     General High-Level Troubleshooting Flowchart 697     Troubleshooting WebAuth and URL Redirection 697     Debug Situations: ISE Logs 701         The Support Bundle 702 Summary 703 Chapter 27 Upgrading ISE 705 The Upgrade Process 705 Repositories 708     Configuring a Repository 708     Repository Types and Configuration 708 Performing the Upgrade 714 Command-Line Upgrade 718 Summary 720 Part VII Device Administration Chapter 28 Device Administration Fundamentals 721 Device Administration in ISE 723     Large Deployments 724     Medium Deployments 725     Small Deployments 726 Enabling TACACS+ in ISE 726 Network Devices 727     Device Administration Global Settings 728         Connection Settings 729         Password Change Control 729         Session Key Assignment 729     Device Administration Work Center 730         Overview 730         Identities 731         Network Resources 733         Policy Elements 733         Device Admin Policy Sets 736         Reports 738 Summary 738 Chapter 29 Configuring Device Admin AAA with Cisco IOS 739 Preparing ISE for Incoming AAA Requests 739     Preparing the Policy Results 739         Create the Authorization Results for Network Administrators 740         Create the Authorization Results for Network Operators 742         Create the Authorization Results for Security Administrators 743         Create the Authorization Results for the Helpdesk 745     Preparing the Policy Set 747     Configuring the Network Access Device 749 Time to Test 752 Summary 758 Chapter 30 Configuring Device Admin AAA with Cisco WLC 759 Overview of WLC Device Admin AAA 759 Configuring ISE and the WLC for Device Admin AAA 761     Preparing ISE for WLC Device Admin AAA 761         Prepare the Network Device 761         Prepare the Policy Results 762         Configure the Policy Set 766     Adding ISE to the WLC TACACS+ Servers 768 Testing and Troubleshooting 770 Summary 775 Chapter 31 Configuring Device Admin AAA with Cisco Nexus Switches 777 Overview of NX-OS Device Admin AAA 777 Configuring ISE and the Nexus for Device Admin AAA 778     Preparing ISE for Nexus Device Admin AAA 778         Prepare the Network Device 778         Prepare the Policy Results 779         Configure the Policy Set 782     Preparing the Nexus Switch for TACACS+ with ISE 783         Enable TACACS+ and Add ISE to NX-OS 784 Summary 784 Part VIII Appendixes Appendix A Sample User Community Deployment Messaging Material 785 Sample Identity Services Engine Requirement Change Notification Email 785 Sample Identity Services Engine Notice for a Bulletin Board or Poster 786 Sample Identity Services Engine Letter to Students 788 Appendix B Sample ISE Deployment Questionnaire 789 Appendix C Sample Switch Configurations 793 Catalyst 3000 Series, 12.2(55)SE 793 Catalyst 3000 Series, 15.0(2)SE 796 Catalyst 4500 Series, IOS-XE 3.3.0 / 15.1(1)SG 800 Catalyst 6500 Series, 12.2(33)SXJ 804 Appendix D The ISE CA and How Cert-Based Auth Works 807 Certificate-Based Authentication 808     Has the Digital Certificate Been Signed by a Trusted CA? 808     Has the Certificate Expired? 810     Has the Certificate Been Revoked? 811     Has the Client Provided Proof of Possession? 813     So, What Does Any of This Have to Do with Active Directory? 814 ISE’s Internal Certificate Authority 815     Why Put a CA into ISE? 815     ISE CA PKI Hierarchy 815         The Endpoint CA 818         Reissuing CA Certificates 819         Configuring ISE to be a Subordinate CA to an Existing PKI 820     Backing Up the Certificates 823     Issuing Certificates from the ISE CA 826     9781587144738   TOC   5/26/2017