Cerebral Cortex: Further Aspects of Cortical Function, Including Hippocampus

Volume 6 of Cerebral Cortex is in some respects a continuation of Volume 2, which dealt with the functional aspects of cortical neurons from the physiological and pharmacological points of view. In the current volume, chapters are devoted to the catecholamines, which for a number of reasons were not represented in the earlier volume, and to acetylcholine and the neuropeptides, about which much new information has recently appeared. Volume 6 deals in part with the structure and function of cholinergic and catecholaminergic neuronal systems in the cerebral cortex and with new aspects of the cortical peptidergic neurons, notably the almost universal propensity of the known cortical peptides for being colocalized with classical transmitters and with one another. It thus completes our coverage of the major cortical neuro­ transmitter and neuromodulatory systems. Other chapters in this volume deal with data pertaining to the proportions of different types of cells and synapses in the neocortex and the physiology of the cortical neuroglial cells. These latter are topics that rarely receive separate treatment and the current chapters serve again to continue discussions of subjects that were introduced in Volume 2. The previous volumes have all been devoted to the neocortex but the present one introduces the subject of the archicortex. To this end, separate chapters are devoted to the physiology and anatomy of the hippocampal formation.

Table of Contents:
1 Functions of Glial Cells in the Cerebral Corte.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Electrophysiology of Cortical Glial Cells.- 3. Neuroglia and Ion Homeostasis.- 4. Glia and Transmitter Substances.- 5. Pathophysiology of Cortical Glia.- 6. Closing Remarks.- 7. References.- 2 Monoamine Innervation of Cerebral Cortex and a Theory of the Role of Monoamines in Cerebral Cortex and Basal Ganglia.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Synthesis of Monoamines.- 3. Techniques of Study.- 4. Dopamine.- 5. Norepinephrine.- 6. Serotonin.- 7. Theoretical Note on the Functions of Monoamines in Cortex and Basal Ganglia.- 8. References.- 3 Cholinergic Innervation in Cerebral Cortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Specificity of Markers for Cholinergic Neurons.- 3. The Anatomical Characterization of Cholinergic Innervation in Cortex.- 4. Discussion.- 5. Alzheimer’s Disease and Cortical Cholinergic Function.- 6. References.- 4 The Cholinergic Modulation of Cortical Function.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Cholinergic Innervation of Neocortex.- 3. Mechanisms of Action of ACh at the Cellular Level.- 4. Mechanisms of Action at the Level of System Function.- 5. Interactions with VIP and the Other Extrinsic Modulatory Systems.- 6. Cholinergic Influences in Plasticity, Memory, and the Potential Cholinergic Deficit in Alzheimer’s Disease.- 7. Overview.- 8. References.- 5 Acetylcholinesterase in the Corte.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Biochemistry of AChE.- 3. Histochemistry of AChE.- 4. Organization of the Neocortex.- 5. Biochemistry of Cholinergic and Cholinesterase-Rich Cortical Circuitry.- 6. Pharmacology and Physiology of Cholinergic Cortical Circuitry.- 7. General Enzymotectonics of Neocortex.- 8. Ultrastructural Distribution of AChE.- 9. Sources of Cortical AChE.- 10. Organization of the AChE-Rich Innervation from BasalForebrain.- 11. Development of AChE Innervation to Neocortex.- 12. Transient AChE in Cortex.- 13. Potential Functional Implications of the AChE-Rich Innervation of Neocortex.- 14. References.- 6 GABA-Peptide Neurons of the Primate Cerebral Cortex: A Limited Cell Class.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Observations.- 3. What Are the Functions of Cortical Peptide Neurons?.- 4. Conclusions.- 5. References.- 7 Number of Neurons and Synapses in Primary Visual Cortex.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Concentration of Neurons.- 3. Total Numbers of Neurons.- 4. Pyramidal and Nonpyramidal Cells.- 6. General Discussion.- 7. References.- 8 Electrophysiology of Hippocampal Neurons.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Electrotonic Structure.- 3. Membrane Conductances and Action Potentials.- 4. Local Circuitry and Cellular Interactions.- 5. Neurotransmitters.- 6. Plasticity.- 7. Epileptogenesis.- 8. Conclusion.- 9. References.- 9 The Hippocampal Formation of the Primate Brain: A Review of Some Comparative Aspects of Cytoarchitecture and Connections.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Etymology and Nomenclature.- 3. Phylogenetic Considerations.- 4. Comparative Cytoarchitectonics.- 5. Neurohistochemistry.- 6. Connectivity.- 7. Fiber Tracts of the Hippocampal Formation.- 8. Immunohistochemistry.- 9. Functional Considerations.- 10. Abbreviations.- 11. References.