Advanced Composite Materials

Composites materials is basically the combining of unique properties of materials to have synergistic effects. A combination of materials is needed to adapt to certain properties for any application area. There is an everlasting desire to make composite materials stronger, lighter or more durable than traditional materials. Carbon materials are known to be attractive in composites because of their combination of chemical and physical properties. In the recent years, development of new composites has been influenced by precision green approaches that restrict hazardous substances and waste created during production. This book ranges from the fundamental principles underpinning the fabrication of different composite materials to their devices, for example, applications in energy harvesting, memory devices, electrochemical biosensing and other advanced composite-based biomedical applications. This book provides a compilation of innovative fabrication strategies and utilization methodologies which are frequently adopted in the advanced composite materials community with respect to developing appropriate composites to efficiently utilize macro and nanoscale features. The key topics are: Pioneer composite materials for printed electronics Current-limiting defects in superconductors High-tech ceramics materials   Carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical biosensing Nanostructured ceramics and bioceramics for bone cancer Importance of biomaterials for bone regeneration Tuning hydroxyapatite particles Carbon nanotubes reinforced bioceramic composite Biomimetic prototype interface

Table of Contents:
Preface xv 1 Composite Materials for Application in Printed Electronics 1 Kamil Janeczek 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Filler Materials 5 1.3 Conductive Polymers 9 1.4 Preparation of Electronics Materials for Printing 10 1.5 Overview of Application Fields 13 1.6 Conclusions 30 References 31 2 Study of Current-limiting Defects in Superconductors Using Low-temperature Scanning Laser Microscopy 45 Pei Li and Dmytro Abraimov 2.1 Introduction 46 2.2 Introduction of Low-temperature Scanning Laser Microscopy and Its Application in Defect Studies in Superconductors 50 2.3 Case Studies of Using LTSLM to Study Defects in Superconductors 64 2.4 Conclusions 85 Reference 86 3 Innovative High-tech Ceramics Materials 93 Hüsnügül Yılmaz Atay 3.1 Introduction 93 3.2 Ceramic Structure 100 3.3 Raw Materials 108 3.4 Processing of Ceramics 111 3.5 Properties 118 3.6 Some Important Advanced Ceramics 121 3.7 Conclusions 149 References 150 4 Carbon Nanomaterials-based Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensing 155 Rooma Devi, Lipsy Chopra, C.R. Suri, D.K. Sahoo and C.S. Pundir 4.1 Introduction 155 4.2 Carbon Nanomaterials 157 4.3 Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrodes 165 4.4 Carbon Nanotube-based Electrodes with Immobilized Enzymes 166 4.5 Fullerene-modified Electrode 173 4.6 Carbon Nanoonion (CNO)-modified Electrode 174 4.7 Carbon Nanodiamond-modified Electrode 174 4.8 Carbon Nanohorns-modified Electrode 174 4.9 Carbon Nanofibers-based Electrode 175 4.10 Carbon Nanodot-based Electrode 176 4.11 Electrochemical Biosensor 177 4.12 Conclusions 192 4.13 Future Developments 194 Acknowledgment 195 References 195 5 Nanostructured Ceramics and Bioceramics for Bone Cancer Treatment 209 B. Palazzo, S. Scialla, F. Scalera, N. Margiotta and F. Gervaso1 5.1 Overview 210 5.2 General Concepts onto Bone Cancer and Bone Metastases 210 5.3 Intrinsically Anticancer Nanoceramics 224 5.4 Imprinting Anticancer Properties to Bioceramics by Chemotherapeutic Functionalization 238 5.5 Composite Magnetic Bioceramics 249 5.6 Conclusions and Outlook 254 Acknowledgements 256 References 256 6 Therapeutic Strategies for Bone Regeneration: The Importance of Biomaterials Testing in Adequate Animal Models 275 P.O. Pinto, L.M. Atayde, J.M. Campos, A.R. Caseiro, T. Pereira, C. Mendonça, J.D. Santos and A.C. Maurício 6.1 Introduction 276 6.2 Animal Models Used for In Vivo Testing Bone of Grafting Products 292 6.3 Histomorphometric Analyses 298 6.4 Histologic Analysis 301 6.5 Conclusions 303 Acknowledgments 306 References 306 7 Tuning Hydroxyapatite Particles’ Characteristics for Solid Freeform Fabrication of Bone Scaffolds 321 F. Miculescu, A. Maidaniuc, G.E. Stan, M. Miculescu, S.I. Voicu, A. Cîmpean, V. Mitran and D. Batalu 7.1 Introduction 322 7.2 Powder-based Solid Freeform Fabrication of Naturally Derived Ceramic Components 326 7.3 Tuning of Naturally Derived Calcium Phosphates for Solid Freeform Fabrication 362 7.4 Conclusions 383 Acknowledgments 384 References 384 8 Carbon Nanotubes-reinforced Bioceramic Composite: An Advanced Coating Material for Orthopedic Applications 399 D. Gopi, E. Shinyjoy, L. Kavitha and D. Rajeswari 8.1 Introduction 400 8.2 Materials and Method 407 8.3 Results and Discussion 417 8.4 Conclusion 444 Acknowledgments 445 References 445 Index 453