Coercion Resistant and Verifiable E-Voting System: Secure Internet-Based Electronic Voting: A Next-Generation Framework for Verifiability and Coercion Resistance

This e-book primarily and effectively focuses on developing a secure, transparent, and reliable Internet-based Electronic Voting (E-Voting) system that addresses two critical requirements: coercion resistance and vote verifiability with security. With the expanding and growing digitalization of democratic processes worldwide, the shift from conventional paper ballots to online voting systems is gaining momentum. The advantages are significant-enhanced voter participation, improved accessibility, real-time monitoring, and increased transparency in the electoral process. One of the key motivations behind this work is the need to ensure that every citizen, regardless of location, can exercise their right to vote securely and without fear of coercion. The system designed must also assure voters that their vote has been accurately recorded and counted, preserving trust in the electoral process. India, for example, has made notable advancements through the use of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trails (VVPATs), commonly referred to as Verifiable Paper Records (VPRs). While these systems have improved confidence in electoral integrity, still there are concerns about manipulation, fraud, and limited accessibility persist, especially in remote or mobile populations. The largest democracy in the world still needs to adopt the robust mechanisms to ensure maximum voting by its citizens. This e-book introduces a next-generation E-Voting framework with the following key innovations: RSA-Based Voter Authentication Using UID (Aadhaar) A robust cryptographic authentication system integrates RSA encryption with the Indian UID (Aadhaar) system, ensuring that only legitimate voters can access and cast their votes. Coercion Resistance via Vote Revision The system permits voters to cast multiple votes during the election period, with only the last authenticated vote being counted. This design minimizes the impact of coercion by allowing voters to securely change their vote if needed. Secure Communication Infrastructure Encrypted end-to-end communication is established between the voter's device and the election server, using layered security checks to safeguard against interception and tampering. Protocol-Level Security Enhancements Integration of established security protocols such as Kerberos and Diameter further strengthens identity verification, session control, and data integrity. Anonymity and Verifiability through Blind Signatures The voting process incorporates blind signature technology to ensure voter anonymity while enabling post-vote verification. This allows voters to confirm that their vote has been included in the final tally without revealing their identity. Real-Time Voter Turnout Monitoring Leveraging national identity integration, election officials can track voter participation across constituencies in real time, enabling efficient oversight and responsive governance. By combining strong encryption, secure identity verification, and innovative approaches to coercion resistance and vote verification, this e-book proposes a transformative model for Internet-based voting. It addresses long-standing challenges associated with trust, accessibility, and election fraud, and opens the door to a more inclusive and digitally empowered democratic future.