This book offers answers to essential questions about the border between the United States and Mexico and connected issues that are accessible to readers interested in immigration, border security, and international relations.
Readers will learn about the political, social, and economic contexts in which the border came to exist; the problems, controversies, and proposed solutions surrounding it; the major organizations and people who, as stakeholders in border politics, drive the agenda on the issue. The book presents data and documents on the topic, giving readers the ability to analyze the facts for themselves.
Additional resources that the reader may wish to consult, such as books, journal articles, and films are provided. A detailed chronology of important events follows, and the book closes with a useful glossary and a comprehensive subject index.
Table of Contents:
Preface
1. Background and History
Introduction
The Border before 1848
1848–1865: The Mexican-American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, and the Consolidation of the Border Line
1865–1890: Post–Civil War Migration and Development
1890–1930: The Border Boom
1930–1942: The Interwar Years
1942–1964: The Bracero Program
1965–2000: Trends in Migration
2000 to Today: Militarizing the Border after 9/11
Conclusion
References
2. Problems, Controversies, and Solutions
Introduction
Asylum and Refugee Problems
Border Barriers and the Militarization of the Border
Colonization
Drugs, Guns, and Human Trafficking
Economic Cycles of Booms and Busts
Environmental and Water Problems
Foreign Policy Issues
Global Economic Issues
Illegal Immigration Flows
Medicine, Medical Accessibility, and Medical Tourism
Political Incorporation
Social Change in the Borderland Region
Conclusion
References
3. Perspectives
Introduction
Mexican Americans and the Long Fight against Segregation in the Southwest, David-James Gonzales
The Fourteenth Amendment, Incorporation Doctrine, and the U.S.-Mexico Border States, Timothy R. Johnson and Rachael Houston
Indian Boarding Schools: A History Worth Remembering, Elizabeth M. Loomer
Social Justice and Injustice in the U.S.-Mexico Border Region, Mark Lusk
Understanding Political Inactivity in the Border Region, Maria Antonieta Reyes
Changing Labor Dynamics on the U.S.-Mexico Border: Agricultural and Domestic Workers in Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, Mark Saka
The Apache Wars and the U.S.-Mexico Border, David Zeh
4. Profiles
Introduction
Organizations
- Alianza Federal de Mercedes
- Center for Biological Diversity
- Center for Land Grant Studies
- Chicanos Por La Causa
- Human Rights First
- League of United Latin American Citizens
- Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund
- Mexican American Political Association
- Mexican American Youth Organization
- Movimiento Estudientil Chicanx de Aztlan
- National Alliance for Hispanic Health
- National Hispanic Institute
- New Mexico Center on Law and Poverty
- Office of Refugee Resettlement
- Pew Research Center
- Sinaloa Cartel
- Unidos US
- United Farm Workers
- United We Dream
- Voto Latino
People
- Brewer, Janet (1944–)
- Bush, George W. (1946–)
- Castro, Julian (1974–)
- Catron, Thomas Benton (1840–1921)
- Cuellar, Henry (1955–)
- Geronimo (1829–1909)
- Grijalva, Raul (1948–)
- Grisham, Michelle Lujan (1959–)
- Huerta, Dolores (1930–)
- Jimenez, Cristina (1984–)
- Lujan, Ben Ray (1972–)
- Obama, Barack (1961–)
- Parker, Quanah (1845/1852–1911)
- Polk, James K. (1795–1849)
- Richardson, Bill (1947–)
- Roosevelt, Franklin D. (1882–1945)
- Roybal, Eduardo (1916–2005)
- Sessions, Jeff (1946–)
- Trump, Donald (1946–)
- Vargas, Juan (1961–)
References
5. Data and Documents
Introduction
Data
- The Pueblos of New Mexico and the Language Spoken
- The Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
- Twinning Cities of the U.S.-Mexico Border, West to East
- The U.S.-Mexico Border Region and Key Twinning Cities
- Congressional Districts Spanning the U.S.-Mexico Border and the Member Representing that District (116th Congress, 2019)
- Members of the Congressional Border Caucus
- Members of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- Members of the Congressional Hispanic Conference
- Border Patrol Sectors along the Southwest Border
- Border Agents and Border Apprehensions, 2000–2019
- Total Apprehensions at the Southwest Border, FY1960–FY2019
- Total Apprehensions at the Southwest Border, by Country of Origin, FY2000– FY2019
- Percentage of UAC Apprehended by the U.S. Border Patrol at the Southwest Border, by Country of - Origin, FY2016
Documents
- Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819
- Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848
- Gadsden Purchase Agreement, 1854
- An Act Granting Citizenship to Certain Indians, November 6, 1919
- Border Patrol Act of 1925
- Agricultural Act of 1949
- Multilateral Protocol and Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1954 and 1966)
- Refugee Act of March 17, 1980
- La Paz Agreement of August 14, 1983
- Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of November 6, 1986
- Immigration Act of 1990 (IMMACT) of November 29, 1990
- LULAC et al. v. Wilson et al. (1995)
- Secure Fence Act of 2006
- Exercising Prosecutorial Discretion with Respect to Individuals Who Came to the United States as Children, 2012
- Asylum Eligibility Interim Final Rule, 2019
6. Resources
Introduction
Books
Scholarly Journals
Films
Videos
7. Chronology
Glossary
Index
About the Author :
Michael C. LeMay, PhD, is Professor Emeritus of political science at California State University–San Bernardino, USA, with 35 years experience teaching at the university level.
