Engineering European Unity: The Quest for the Right Solution Across Centuries

Table of Contents:
Preface Introduction: The Idea of European Unity, the Western System of Liberties, and the Dichotomy of Federalism versus Intergovernmentalism 1. The Most Important Achievements of the Idea of European Unity in the Field of State and International Organization before the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789) 1.1 Defense Unions and the Theoretical Differentiation between the Alliances of States 1.2 European Universalism 1.3 The Idea of Liberty and the Principles of a Civil State and Union of States 2. A New Democratic Constitutional Federal State in Opposition to Feudalism and Colonization: The Constitution of the United States of America (1787) and Its Influence in Europe 2.1 The Constitution of a Democratic Federal Republic under a President (1787) 2.2 The “Hamilton Method” 2.3 The Dichotomy of a Fictive versus Real Economy 2.4 The Main Phases of Democratization of the Idea of European Unity 3. The Dilemma of Democratization of the Idea of European Unity (1789–1815) 3.1 The French Revolution and the Attempt to Establish Democracy and Popular Sovereignty in a Unitary Nation State 3.2 Kant in Search of a Democratic International Policy (Foedus Pacificum) 3.3 The Conservative Breakthrough 4. The European Phenomenon of Nation State and National Empire, and the Chances of a European Federation (1815–1919) 4.1 Romantic Nationalism 4.2 The German and Italian Unification 4.3 The Swiss Confederation (1848) 4.4 Plans for the Reconstruction of the Habsburg Monarchy 4.5 The Federalist Opposition to the Liberal Democratic Unitary Nation-State 4.6 Colonialism of European Great Powers and the Forgotten Idea of European Unity 4.7 The Forgotten Europe: The Treaty of Versailles, and the League of Nations 5. The Crisis of Realization of the Western System of Liberties and the Idea of European Unity between the Two World Wars 5.1 In the Shadow of Dictatorships 5.2 The Idea of Pan-Europa 5.3 Plans for a European Economic Union 5.3.1 The Dichotomy of Liberal versus Statist Economic Theory 5.3.2 Planning European Economic Unity 5.4 The Great Depression and the New Deal of Roosevelt 5.5 The Great Depression and Hitler’s Europe 6. Fight for a Democratic Europe 6.1 Coudenhove-Kalergi and the Pan-European Movement 6.2 L’Ordre Nouveau and Personalist or Integral Federalism 6.3 The Resistance Movement—Launching the Policy of a European Democratic Federation Based on the Idea of Liberty 7. In Search of a New Europe: Three Alternatives 7.1 Atlantic Cooperation 7.2 Confronting the Legacy of Colonization—“Eurafrica” in a Decolonization Perspective 7.3 To Become a Great Power from Europe’s Own Democratic Forces: The Federalist Reform 8. Realizing the Idea of European Unity in the Framework of the Council of Europe 8.1 The Hague Congress (1948): Intergovernmentalist, Federalist, and Functionalist Bases of a European Union 8.2 Intergovernmentalist Majority and the Council of Europe 9. Shaping the Supranational European Union 9.1 Functionalist Sectoral Integration: The “Monnet-Method” 9.1.1 Criticism of the “Monnet-Method” by Contemporaries 9.2 Supranationalism toward Federalism (1952–1954) 9.3 The Rome Treaties and the European Economic Community (1957) 9.4 De Gaulle’s Intergovernmentalist “European Concert” 9.5 Spinelli: Relaunching Integration, Reviving Federalism 9.6 The Delors’s Reform: Federation of Nation States and of People 9.7 European Union (1992): A New Type of Federalist Functionalist and ....

About the Author :
Éva Bóka is habilitated university doctor and independent researcher in history. As a lecturer she taught MA, MA Erasmus and PhD courses, in Hungarian and in English, at universities in Hungary, among others, the Eötvös Loránd University, and the Corvinus University of Budapest. She was the research lead of the Rethinking Europe Research Group at the Multidisciplinary Doctoral School of International Relations of the Corvinus University of Budapest as honorary associate professor.