Introduction to Solar Terrestrial Relations: Proceedings of the Summer School in Space Physics Held in Alpbach, Austria, July 15–August 10, 1963 and Organized by the European Preparatory Commis(2 Astrophysics and Space Science Library)

TO SOLAR TERRESTRIAL RELATIONS PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL IN SPACE PHYSICS HELD IN ALPBACH, AUSTRIA, JULY 1S-AUGUST 10,1963 AND ORGANIZED BY THE EUROPEAN PREPARATORY COMMISSION FOR SPACE RESEARCH (COPERS) Edited by J. ORTNER European Space Research Organisation. Paris and H. MAS ELAND Sterrewacht ' Sonnenborgh' - Utrecht D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT-HOLLAND e-ISBN-13:978-94-010-3590-3 IS8N-13:978-94-0 10-3592-7 00110. 1007/978-94-010-3590-3 '96' Softoover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1965 All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any fonn. by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without permission from the publisher FOREWORD The textbook presented in the following is composed of the proceedings of the Summer School in Space Physics held during the summer months of 1963. This Summer School was organized by the Preparatory Commission (COPERS) of the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO). It was the first time that such a summer course was held in Europe on a subject of space physics. Thanks to an invitation from the Austrian Government these lectures were given in the College House of Alpbach, Tyrol. Eight outstanding European scientists each presented five two-hour lectures on topics covering the region between the Sun and the Earth. The courses contained the physics of the Sun, the Interplanetary Medium and Trapped Radiation, the Ionosphere and High Latitude Phenomena. Furthermore, a course on space instrumentation was given. Sixty students were selected to attend the courses.

Table of Contents:
Lectures.- Opening Lecture on the Plans of the European Space Research Organization.- I/Solar Physics.- 1. The Solar Photosphere.- 2. The Quiet Chromosphere and Corona.- 3. The Solar Center of Activity.- 4. Optical Solar Flares.- 5. Radio and X-Ray Emission Associated with Solar Flares.- 6. Particle Emission Associated with Solar Flares. Model of Flare Events.- 7. The Hydrogen Convective Zone of the Sun.- 8. Wave Propagation in the Photosphere, Chromosphere and Corona.- 9. Coronal Heating and Solar Wind.- 10. The Solar Magnetic Field and the Solar Activity.- II /Interplanetary Medium.- 11. Interplanetary Medium.- 12. Introduction to Plasma Physics.- 13. Interplanetary Plasma.- III /Ionosphere and High Latitude Phenomena.- 14. Radio Aurora.- 15. Disturbance Effects in the Lowest Ionosphere.- 16. Irregularities in the Ionospheric Electron Density Distribution Causing Radio Wave Scintillation.- 17. Theories of Aurora and of Magnetic Storms.- 18. Magnetic Disturbances and Visual Aurorae.- 19. Auroral Effects on the Ionospheric E-Layer.- 20. Interpretation of Visual Aurora.- IV/Space Instrumentation.- 21. The Space Environment.- 22. Rocket and Satellite Systems.- 23. Some Experimental Techniques of Space Research — Ionospheric Measurements.- 24. Some Experimental Techniques of Space Research — Measurements of Solar Electromagnetic Radiation.- V/Retrospect.- 25. The Alpbach Discussions in Retrospect.- Seminars.- VI/Solar Physics.- 26. A Rocket Experiment for Measuring Soft X-Rays from the Sun.- 27. High Resolution Solar Spectroscopy at the Jungfraujoch Scientific Station.- VII/Interplanetary Medium.- 28. Scientific Results of the Mariner II Voyage to Venus.- 29. On the Penetration of Interplanetary Plasma into the Magnetosphere.- 30. Geomagnetically Trapped Protons.- 31.Cometary and Auroral Studies at Liège.- 32. Rocket Experiments, Laboratory Work and Equipment at the Astrophysical Institute of the University of Liège.- VIII/Solar Cosmic Rays.- 33. Some Examples of Energy and Nature Measurements of Solar Particles.- 34. Some Comments About Diffusion of Solar Particles in Interplanetary Space.- 35. On the Relationship Between Zone X-Ray Bursts and Polar Magnetic Substorms.- IX/Ionosphere and Planetary Atmosphere.- 36. Positive Ion Reactions and Productions in the Ionosphere.- 37. The Atmospheres of Mars and Venus.- 38. An Introduction to Langmuir Probes for Space Research.- 39. The Ionospheric Measurements from Ariel I.- 40. Simultaneous Measurement of Plasma Density by Three Different Methods.- 41. Rocket Measurements of Electron Density and Collision Frequency in the Lower D-Region.- 42. Electron Energy Spectrum Measurements during Auroral Absorption.- Index of Subjects.- Index of Names.